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American history > Chapter 19 and 20 Reading > Flashcards

Chapter 19 and 20 Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

end of war

A

end of wartime; economic opportunities for women and African Americans; postwar adjustments

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2
Q

farmers

A

farming agricultural prices; difficult to pay debts; suffered under growing debt while crop prices were falling

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3
Q

inflation

A

rising prices

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4
Q

workers

A

struck for higher wages and shorter workdays

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5
Q

violence of some strikes attributed to the presence of

A

radicals among the strike leaders

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6
Q

emergence of the Soviet Union

A

communist nation; compounded fear of radicals and communists

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7
Q

communist ideology

A

international workers revolution

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8
Q

communist revolts in Europe

A

central and eastern; made it seem like the worldwide revolution was starting

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9
Q

red scare

A

widespread fear of suspected communists and radicals thought to be plotting revolution

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10
Q

A Mitchell Palmer

A

attorney general; mounted a series of raids; Palmer Raids

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11
Q

palmer raids

A

series of raids where thousands were arrested; some radicals and immigrants from southern or Eastern Europe; seemed to attack the liberties Americans held most dear

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12
Q

Warren G Harding

A

campaigned for president calling for a return of normalcy; won in a landslide; preferred a laissez faire approach to business; worked with Andrew Mellon to reduce regulations on businesses and to raise protective tariff rates making it easier for US producers too sell goods at home; admitted he liked playing golf more than governing and trusted his friends with important government positions; favored less restriction on businesses

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13
Q

US 1920

A

richest, most industrialized country in the world; largest creditor nation in the world

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14
Q

creditor nation

A

other countries owed you more than you owed them

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15
Q

result of WW1; Americas economy and political standing

A

in the world changed

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16
Q

mass production

A

enabled Americans to produce more goods in less time; economy boomed

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17
Q

automobile industry

A

played major role in boom

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18
Q

Henry Ford

A

introduced new methods and ideas that changed the way manufactured goods were made; hired scientific management experts to improve his assembly line; raised wages cut workdays; gave workers Saturday and Sundays off

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19
Q

model t

A

after assembly line made faster it became affordable for most Americans; automobile ownership boomed

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20
Q

automobile production stimulated

A

other industries; steel, gas, asphalt, wood, gasoline, insurance, and road construction

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21
Q

growth of industries led to

A

new, better paying jobs; spur national prosperity; flood of new, affordable goods became available to the public creating a consumer revolution

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22
Q

installment buying

A

enabled customers to buy goods by making a small downpayment on a product and paying the rest in monthly installments

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23
Q

Americans buying

A

stock on credit

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24
Q

stock prices soared in bull markets

A

people began buying on margin paying as little as 10% of the stock price upfront to a broker

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25
Q

price of the stock rose

A

buyer could pay off the broker and still make profit

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26
Q

price of the stock fell

A

buyer still owed the broker the full price of the stock

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27
Q

economic boom felt more

A

in cities where jobs were plentiful

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28
Q

cities grew

A

people moved out to the suburbs and drove cars into the city for work

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29
Q

America’s wealth

A

unevenly distributed

30
Q

europeans raised tariffs

A

making US goods more expensive there

31
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

secretary of commerce; asked business leaders to voluntarily make advancements

32
Q

Andrew Mellon

A

secretary of treasury; banker; worked with Harding to reduce regulations on businesses and raise protective tariff

33
Q

Charles Forbes

A

waste millions of dollars while running the Veteran’s Bureau

34
Q

Albert Fall

A

secretary of the interior; created the biggest scandal of Harding’s administration

35
Q

teapot dome scandal

A

Fall took bribes to transfer control of oil reserves from the US navy to provide oilmen; later forced to return the oil and sentenced to a year in jail

36
Q

Calvin Coolidge

A

new president; quiet and honest; put his administration in the hands of men who held to the simple virtues of an older generation; mistrusted the use of legislation to achieve social change; favored big businesses; reduced the national debt and lowered taxes to give incentives to businesses ; said and did nothing about the country’s main problems

37
Q

country’s problems

A

low prices for farm crops, racial discrimination, and low wages

38
Q

foreign policy pushed european governments

A

Coolidge; to repay war debts to the US

39
Q

Dawes plan

A

arranged to help Germany, France, and Great Britain repay war debts

40
Q

kellogg Briand pact

A

62 nations signed; treaty that outlawed war

41
Q

urban Americans

A

enjoyed a rising standard of living and embraced a modern view of the world

42
Q

city dwellers

A

tended to value education and to be activates for science and social change

43
Q

rural Americans

A

formal education considered less important than keeping the farm going; tended to be conservative about political and social issues preferring to keep things the way they were

44
Q

scopes trial

A

Tennessee passed a law making it illegal to teach the theory of evolution in the state’s public school; John Scopes arrested for teaching evolution; guilty and fined $100

45
Q

Clarence Darrow

A

most celebrated defense attorney in the country; defended John Scopes for teaching evolution

46
Q

wave of immigration inspired

A

nativist politicians to pass laws forming immigrants to pass a literacy test and create a quota system

47
Q

quota system

A

sets limits on the number of new immigrants allowed into the US

48
Q

KKK

A

reorganized in Georgia; violent group; Grand Dragon and Imperial Wizard; promoted hatred of African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants

49
Q

prohibition

A

states ratified the 19th amendment; passed volstead act to enforce the amendment; police turned blind eye to illegal drinking establishments; led to growth of organized crime

50
Q

shorter workweeks for city dwellers

A

had free time and money to spend on entertainment

51
Q

movies

A

one of the most popular forms of entertainment

52
Q

the jazz singer

A

became the first movie to include sound matching the action on the screen; talkies

53
Q

entertainment at home

A

phonographs and radios

54
Q

Babe Ruth

A

the home run king

55
Q

Charles Lindenburg

A

first to fly solo and non stop around the Atlantic Ocean

56
Q

flappers

A

women who wore short skirts and bobbed hair

57
Q

Sigmund Frued

A

theory that human behavior is driven by unconscious desires rather than by rational thought

58
Q

writers

A

F Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway; wrote about the meaning of life and war; examined subconscious desires and the dark side of the American dream

59
Q

African Americans in north

A

found well paying jobs; middle class of African American professionals; growing political voice in New York, Chicago, and Detroit

60
Q

Harlem in NYC

A

became haven for African Americans from the south and black immigrants from the Caribbean

61
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

immigrant; Jamaican who traveled widely; after seeing black treated poorly started a back to Africa movement urging black unity and separation of the races

62
Q

F Scott Fitzgerald

A

called the 1920s a jazz age

63
Q

African Americans

A

gave the age its jazz

64
Q

jazz

A

emerged in the south as a combination of African American and European musical styles

65
Q

Louis Armstrong

A

trumpet player; took jazz to the world

66
Q

Bessie Smith

A

singer; nicknamed the empress of the blues; highest paid African American entertainer of the 1920s

67
Q

Harlem renaissance

A

outpouring of art and literature that explored the African American experience

68
Q

Claude McKay

A

writer; novels and poems were militant calls for action

69
Q

Langston Hughes

A

celebrated African American culture

70
Q

Zora Neale Hurston

A

wrote about women’s desire for independence

71
Q

Great Depression

A

ended the Harlem renaissance

72
Q

laissez faire

A

type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism

American history (25 decks)

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