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American history > Chapter 30 & 31 Reading > Flashcards

Chapter 30 & 31 Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

counterculture

A

beat’s movement emphasis on freedom from materialism and the civil rights movement’s questioning of traditional boundaries

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2
Q

hippes

A

members of the counterculture; valued youth, spontaneity, individuality; promoted peace, love, and freedom; experimented with drugs, new style of dress and music, and freer attitudes toward sexual relationships

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3
Q

generation gap

A

misunderstanding between the older and younger generation

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4
Q

sexual revolution

A

hippies rejected traditional restrictions on sexual behavior

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5
Q

communes

A

small communities where people shared interests and resources

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6
Q

Haight Ashbury district

A

San Fransisco; center of the counterculture; hippies experimented with drugs and listened to rock music and speeches by political radicals

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7
Q

Timothy Leary

A

encouraged youths to “tune in”, “turn on” to drugs and “drop out” of mainstream society

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8
Q

some hippies sought spiritually outside

A

of the Judeo-Christian tradition exploring Eastern religions and practices of Native Americans; sought to live offload in harmony with nature

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9
Q

feminism

A

theory of political, social, and ecomonic opportunity for men and women

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10
Q

Betty Friedan

A

described women’s dissatisfaction in The Feminine Mystique; helped establish the NOW

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11
Q

national organization for women

A

sought to win equality for women; campaigned for passage of the equal rights amendment; worked to protect a women’s right to abortion

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12
Q

equal rights amendment

A

guarantee gender equality under the law; failed to pass partly to Phyllis

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13
Q

Gloria Steinnem

A

sought to raise consciousness throughout the media and cofound Ms. magazine

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14
Q

Phyllis Schlafly

A

conservative political activist; denounced women liberation as a “total assault on the family, on marriage, and on children”

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15
Q

title 9

A

of the higher education act; banned discrimination in education

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16
Q

equal credit opportunity act

A

made it illegal to deny credit to a woman on the basis of gender

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17
Q

roe v wade

A

gave women the right to legal abortions

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18
Q

mexican immigrants came as

A

temporary workers; and latin immigrants filled the need for cheap labor

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19
Q

bracero program

A

allowed Mexicans to work on American farms

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20
Q

immigration and nationality act

A

immigration from latin America surged

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21
Q

Cesar Chavez

A

formed the united farm workers; most influential Latino activist

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22
Q

united farm workers

A

implemented a strike and boycott of grapes that secured safer working conditions for migrant farmworkers

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23
Q

Chicano movement

A

worked to raise consciousness, reduce poverty and discrimination, and attain political power for latinos

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24
Q

American Indian movement

A

eased poverty and helped secure legal rights and self-government for Native Americans; took over Wounded Knee, South Dakota to protest living conditions on reservations; led to the deaths of 2 AIM members

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25
Q

Indian self-determination act

A

granted tribes greater control over resources on reservations

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26
Q

Ralph Nader

A

published Unsafe at Any Speed; investigated the link between flawed car design and death in automobile accidents; consumer rights movement started; prompted congress to pass laws to improve automobile safety

27
Q

Silent Spring

A

by Rachel Carson; inspired much environmental activism; describes the deadly impact that pesticides were having on birds and other animals; argued that humans were drastically altering the environment and had a responsibility to protect it; protests compelled congress to restrict use of pesticide DDT

28
Q

coal smog

A

poisonous byproducts of human activity

29
Q

environmental protection agency

A

protect the entire ecological chain; worked to clean up and protect the environment and sought to limit or eliminate pollutants that posed a risk to the public’s health

30
Q

clean air act

A

combated air pollution by limiting the emissions form factories and automobiles

31
Q

clean water act

A

reduced water pollution by industry and agriculture

32
Q

endangered species act

A

helped to protect endangered plants and animals

33
Q

3 mile island

A

nuclear reactor; Pennsylvania; malfunctioned and the core began to melt

34
Q

Henry Kissinger

A

Nixon’s leading advisor on national security and international affairs; argued with Nixon that a flexible, pragmatic foreign policy would benefit the US

35
Q

realpolitik

A

foreign affairs; German word meaning “real politics”; nation’s political goals around the world should be defined by what is good for the nation instead of by abstract ideologies

36
Q

Nixon’s first bold move and 3 reasons

A

normalize relations with China; wanted to drive a wedge between China and the Soviet Union; China would be a good trading partner; China could pressure North Vietnam to accept a negotiated peace and end with the Vietnam War

37
Q

Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong

A

premier; chairmen; China; Nixon met with; first historic step toward normalizing relations between the 2 countries

38
Q

Leonid Brezhnev

A

Soviet leader; invited the president to visit Moscow; where they signed the strategic arms limitation treaty

39
Q

strategic arms limitation treaty

A

froze the deployment of intercontinental ballistic missiles and placed limits on antiballistic missiles; first step toward limiting the arms race

40
Q

detente

A

US and Soviet Union; implemented to replace the prior foreign policy, which was based on suspicion and distrust; eased tensions between the 2 nations

41
Q

short and long term foreign policy

A

new relationships forged helped to end the Vietnam war; moved the world closer to the end of the Cold War

42
Q

silent majority

A

working men and women who made up Middle America; Nixon believed they were tired of big government; wanted the government to address social problems like crime and pollution

43
Q

revenue sharing

A

federal government gave money to the states to run social programs

44
Q

stagflation

A

Nixon’s presidency plagued by combination of recession and inflation

45
Q

organization of petroleum exporting countries

A

placed an oil embargo on Israel’s allies; oil prices skyrocketed

46
Q

Watergate scandal

A

June 1972; burglars broke into the Democratic Party headquarters in Washington; Nixon denied any wrongdoing; one of them said government official was involved; Vice President Agnew resigned; tapes provided evidence Nixon was involved; Nixon resigned

47
Q

25th amendment

A

under Nixon assigned Ford as new vice president

48
Q

executive privilege

A

principle that the president has the right to keep contained information confidential

49
Q

pardoned

A

officially forgiven

50
Q

Ford

A

long record of public service; support from democratic and republic; support fell after he pardoned Nixon for anything during presidency

51
Q

1974 congressional elections

A

showed the public’s disapproval of the pardon and the impact of Watergate; republicans lost 48 seats in the House of Representatives

52
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

former Georgia governor; won many Christian fundamentalists; most of the bills he submitted to congress didn’t pass without changes form his own party

53
Q

amnesty

A

Carter granted to Americans who had evaded the draft in hope of moving the nation beyond the Vietnam War

54
Q

me decade

A

1970’s; many Americans appeared to be absorbed with self-improvement; began to jog and eat healthy

55
Q

televangelists

A

Jerry Falwell; preached to millions on television

56
Q

Helsinki Accords

A

the nation’s of Europe expressed their support of human rights

57
Q

boat people

A

South Vietnamese people came to the US in rickety boats; represented the largest mass migration by sea in modern history

58
Q

Carter’s foreign policy would be guided by

A

a concern for human rights; tried to use his policy to end acts of political repression, like torture

59
Q

salt 2 treaty

A

limit nuclear arms production

60
Q

sanctions

A

Carter’s response to the Soviets invading Afghanistan; boycott in the 1980 summer Olympic Games in Moscow

61
Q

developing world

A

Carter helped change the way the US delt with; emphasis on human rights led him to alter the US relationship with a number of dictators

62
Q

Ayatollah Khomeini

A

fundamentalist islamic clerics; US backed Shah of Iran forced to flee; Iranian radicals invaded the US embassy and took 66 hostages; failed to win the release of the hostages was evidence on American weakness

63
Q

camp David accords

A

led to a peace treaty in which Egypt recognized Israel; Carter invited the 2 leaders to a presidential retreat

American history (25 decks)

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