Chapter 25: The Cold War Flashcards
roots of the Cold War
Soviet Union (communism, totalitarian dictatorship); US (free-enterprise capitalism, republic)
Soviet Union refused
to let eastern Europe hold elections as promised at Yalta
the iron curtain
division in Europe between free world and communism; Churchill attacked Soviet Union for creating; Stalin believed it was necessary to protect Soviet Union from western attacks
George F. Kennan
containment (US should resist Soviet attempt to extend its power)
Truman Doctrine
US would help people fight against oppression; send aid to Greece and Turkey to help fight against Soviets
Marshall Plan
aid program to rebuild the economics of European countries to create stable conditions for democracies
crisis in Berlin
America, Britain, and France set up free, democratic government; western zone became known as Federal Republic of Germany
Berlin airlift
British and American planes made deliveries to West Berlin
reasoning for airlift
Soviets blocked any road, rail, or river traffic into west Berlin
west Berlin
Soviet Union had
east Berlin
US had
NATO
north Atlantic treaty organization; US, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; if someone is attacked in the group, everyone attacks
servicemen’s readjustment act of 1944
help veterans transition to civilian life; GI bill; money for college or job; unemployment pay; assistance finding jobs; loans for homes and farms
Taft-Hartley Act
greatly reduced the power of labor unions
executive order 9981
ended segregation in US armed forces
Tuskegee airmen
group of blacks in the Air Force who were good
1948 election
“Dewy defeats Truman”; Truman won and started the fair deal
Fair Deal
treat people fairly
United Nations
50 nations; June 1945; respect fundamental rights, treaties, agreements; promote progress, freedom of all people, and economic and social advancements
universal declaration of human rights
human beings equal; end slavery, torture, and inhumane punishment; right to assembly and access the court; elementary education should be free and available to all
International Monetary Fund
promoted orderly financial relationships between countries
world bank
provide loans and grants to countries for the purpose of reducing poverty
general agreement on tariffs and trade
set rules and regulations for international trade
1949 Soviets
detonated the atomic bomb
Mao Zedong
China; communist party
house un-american committee
investigates the full range of radical groups in the US
smith act
crime to call for the overthrow of the US government or belong to an organization that did
McCarren act
required communists to register with the US government; limited the rights of communists
Hollywood 10
investigated by the HUAC; left wing screenwriters, actors, and directors
Alger Hiss
convicted of perjury (lying in court) to Whittaker Chambers
Klaus Fuchs
Manhattan Project scientist who gave atomic bomb information to the Soviets
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
convicted of passing secrets to the Soviets and executed
Joseph McCarhty
senator; McCarthyism; never proved the list he had
Korea before the war
Soviet controlled North of the 38th parallel; US controlled south; Soviet established communist government; US promoted democracy in South Korea
Democratic People’s Republic
communist government in Korea; Soviets; North Korea; Kim II Sung
Republic of Korea
Syngman Rhee; South Korea
Truman asked
UN if they could invade North Korea
UN security council
supported the use of force in Korea
UN
police action
MaCarther wanted
to bomb the Chinese
Panmunjom
signed peace agreement and negotiated
