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American history > Chapter 23: WW2 > Flashcards

Chapter 23: WW2 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

led the Italian government; totalitarian and dictatorship; fascist

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2
Q

fascism

A

stressed the glory of the state; individuals have little importance

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3
Q

dictatorship

A

no other political parties

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4
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Austrian in German politics; angry at the treaty of Versailles; national socialists; Main Kampf; chancellor of Germany in 1933; totalitarian; building up military quietly and invaded Rhineland

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5
Q

Mein Kampf

A

Hitler written book

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6
Q

national socialists

A

Nazis

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7
Q

Fransisco Franco

A

fascist; 1930’s-1970’s; Spain; came to power during the conflict; Spanish civil war

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8
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Russia; totalitarian; inspired by nationalism; emperor told to sit in corner; hostile towards the US

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9
Q

Hirohito

A

emperor of Japan

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10
Q

Japan invaded

A

Manchuria; forms military alliance with Russia

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11
Q

Italy

A

invaded Ethiopia

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12
Q

1936 Hitler

A

1st; invades Rhineland

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13
Q

Rhine River Valley

A

along French boarder; no to Hitler

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14
Q

1938 2nd

A

Anschluss (Union with Germany); Austria; 2nd of Hitler

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15
Q

Sudetenland

A

German speaking portion of Czechoslovakia; 3rd of Hitler

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16
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

prime minister of England; appeasement

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17
Q

appeasement

A

giving in to aggressive demands to maintain peace

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18
Q

Winston Churchill

A

appeasement would lead to war; future prime minister of England

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19
Q

1939 Hitler

A

gained more land by force

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20
Q

Sept 1, 1939 Hitler

A

invaded Poland; vicious attack

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21
Q

blitzkrieg

A

lighting war

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22
Q

RASP

A

Rhilenald; Austria; Sudetenland; Poland

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23
Q

Sept 3, 1939

A

England and France declare war on Germany

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24
Q

allies

A

England and France

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25
Vichy France
French individuals pledge their loyalty to Nazis
26
axis powers
Japan and Germany
27
isolationist
stay out of it
28
pacifist
wanted peace
29
neutrality act
US not involved with troops but will still sell; FDR
30
FDR made deal
asked to build new naval vessels; traded 50 war ships for 8 British military bases
31
cash and carry
buy Americans goods if they paid cash and picked up goods at American ports
32
Wendell Wilkie
Roosevelt defeated in race for president; business leader
33
lend lease act
allowed nation to send weapons to Great Britain
34
Atlantic Charter
proclaimed to share goals of US and Britain in opposing Hitler and his allies; FDR and Churchill met secretly in 1941
35
causes of Perl Harbor
conflict between Japan and US over French Indochina; Japan's alliance with Germany and Italy; Tojo hostile towards US
36
effects of Perl Harbor
Americans had anger and fear; Californians saw submarines off pacific coast; US declared war on Japan; Germany and Italy declared war on US
37
Perl Harbor defenses
forces unprepared; no commander in charge; routine defensives not in place
38
Dec 7, 1941
Perl Harbor attack; aircraft approached Oahu; 2 hours
39
aftermath of Perl Harbor
8 battleships damaged; 4 sank; 200 aircraft destroyed; l 2,400 Americans dead; Japan lost handful of submarines
40
George C Marshall
army chief of staff; led mobilization effort of the military
41
american women
filled a variety of vital roles in the military
42
waves
navy program; women accepted for volunteer emergency service; clerical work (basic office duties)
43
wasps
Air Force program; women Air Force service pilots; tested and delivered aircraft
44
wacs
army program; women's army corp; repaired equipment and electricians
45
national war labor board
helped settle labor disputes; 1941
46
Smith Connolly act
war labor disputes act; seize and operate industries threatened by strikes interfering with war production
47
Manhattan project
top secret mission to build the atomic bomb
48
J Robert Oppenheimer
developed the atomic bomb
49
Rosie the Riveter
working women of the war represented
50
Nuremberg Trials
Nuremberg, Germany; took Nazis to trial; judges from the allies; International military tribunal
51
Japan 1941
invades Phillipines
52
April 1942 surrender
10,000 American and 60,000 Filipino troops on Bataan surrender
53
Bataan Death March
captured soldiers forced to march through forests in Bataan; 60 miles to Camp O'Donnell
54
James Dolittle
Latinate colonel; secret special mission; going to bomb Japan; didn't cause major damage
55
Battle of Coral Sea
Japan prepared to invade New Guinia; Admiral Chester Nimitz; stopped Japanese attack
56
Battle of Midway
broke Japanese code; sank 3 Japanese aircrafts
57
enigma
germans code system
58
Battle of Guadalcanal
Solomon Islands; protect Australia
59
navajo code talkers
had to go through intensive training; translated messages into code version of Navajo; marines
60
Phillipines attack
Kamikazi
61
kamikaze attack
suicide bombers
62
Battle of the Bulge
Dec 16, 1944; Belgian city of Bastogne
63
George S Patton
Bastogne; helped push German troops back
64
Iwo Jima
island 750 from Japanese army; 19,000 Japanese; 7,000 US
65
Okinawa
12,000 Americans; was to be launching pad for Japan; 110,000 troops
66
Kristallacht
"night of broken glass"; 9m million jews
67
ghettos
worst in Warsaw, Poland
68
Einsatzgruppen
1st mobil killing unit; 1941
69
Dachu
concentration camp
70
war refugee law
1944; US let 200,000 jews come into the country
71
victory garden
plant your own vegetables to save food for the troops
72
Ernie Pyle
newspaper journalist
73
Germany 1942 attacked
Stahngrad; August; lost and marked beginning of Germany's collapse
74
Erwin Rommel
"desert fox"; sent by Hitler to North Africa
75
operation torch
US sent Eisenhower to invade Morocco and Algeria
76
4 freedoms
speech, worship, from want, from fear
77
office of war information
propaganda; information and ideas to promote war
78
executive order 9066
Japanese Americans forced to go to internments (step up from concentration camps)
79
Fred Korematsu
refused executive order; American citizen; Supreme Court ruled the order was a temporary wartime measure; conviction overturned in 1983
80
office of price administration
limits prices businesses could charge for products and materials
81
war production board
military got products first and everyone else second
82
yalta conference
big 3; Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin; Soviet Union; planning for future in Germany; 4 zones; Americans, soviet, British, and French; Berlin divided into 4 zones; Poland; free election; declare war on Japan 3 months after Germany collapsed
83
Hitler's death
April 30, 1945; suicide in Berlin bunker
84
V-E day
victory in Europe day; May 8
85
Harry Truman
president; said we should use Manhattan project
86
Enola Gay
dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima; April 6, 1945; Paul Tibbets pilot
87
Major Charles Sweeney
US dropped bomb on Nagasaki; Bockscar; Aug 9
88
Aug 9
emperor of Japan surrendered ending war
89
United Nations
encouraged cooperation and to prevent war
90
potsdam conference
allied leaders; discuss communism and Soviet influence

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