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American history > Chapter 23: WW2 > Flashcards

Chapter 23: WW2 Flashcards

1
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

led the Italian government; totalitarian and dictatorship; fascist

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2
Q

fascism

A

stressed the glory of the state; individuals have little importance

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3
Q

dictatorship

A

no other political parties

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4
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Austrian in German politics; angry at the treaty of Versailles; national socialists; Main Kampf; chancellor of Germany in 1933; totalitarian; building up military quietly and invaded Rhineland

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5
Q

Mein Kampf

A

Hitler written book

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6
Q

national socialists

A

Nazis

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7
Q

Fransisco Franco

A

fascist; 1930’s-1970’s; Spain; came to power during the conflict; Spanish civil war

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8
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Russia; totalitarian; inspired by nationalism; emperor told to sit in corner; hostile towards the US

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9
Q

Hirohito

A

emperor of Japan

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10
Q

Japan invaded

A

Manchuria; forms military alliance with Russia

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11
Q

Italy

A

invaded Ethiopia

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12
Q

1936 Hitler

A

1st; invades Rhineland

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13
Q

Rhine River Valley

A

along French boarder; no to Hitler

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14
Q

1938 2nd

A

Anschluss (Union with Germany); Austria; 2nd of Hitler

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15
Q

Sudetenland

A

German speaking portion of Czechoslovakia; 3rd of Hitler

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16
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

prime minister of England; appeasement

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17
Q

appeasement

A

giving in to aggressive demands to maintain peace

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18
Q

Winston Churchill

A

appeasement would lead to war; future prime minister of England

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19
Q

1939 Hitler

A

gained more land by force

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20
Q

Sept 1, 1939 Hitler

A

invaded Poland; vicious attack

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21
Q

blitzkrieg

A

lighting war

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22
Q

RASP

A

Rhilenald; Austria; Sudetenland; Poland

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23
Q

Sept 3, 1939

A

England and France declare war on Germany

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24
Q

allies

A

England and France

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25
Q

Vichy France

A

French individuals pledge their loyalty to Nazis

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26
Q

axis powers

A

Japan and Germany

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27
Q

isolationist

A

stay out of it

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28
Q

pacifist

A

wanted peace

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29
Q

neutrality act

A

US not involved with troops but will still sell; FDR

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30
Q

FDR made deal

A

asked to build new naval vessels; traded 50 war ships for 8 British military bases

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31
Q

cash and carry

A

buy Americans goods if they paid cash and picked up goods at American ports

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32
Q

Wendell Wilkie

A

Roosevelt defeated in race for president; business leader

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33
Q

lend lease act

A

allowed nation to send weapons to Great Britain

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34
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

proclaimed to share goals of US and Britain in opposing Hitler and his allies; FDR and Churchill met secretly in 1941

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35
Q

causes of Perl Harbor

A

conflict between Japan and US over French Indochina; Japan’s alliance with Germany and Italy; Tojo hostile towards US

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36
Q

effects of Perl Harbor

A

Americans had anger and fear; Californians saw submarines off pacific coast; US declared war on Japan; Germany and Italy declared war on US

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37
Q

Perl Harbor defenses

A

forces unprepared; no commander in charge; routine defensives not in place

38
Q

Dec 7, 1941

A

Perl Harbor attack; aircraft approached Oahu; 2 hours

39
Q

aftermath of Perl Harbor

A

8 battleships damaged; 4 sank; 200 aircraft destroyed; l 2,400 Americans dead; Japan lost handful of submarines

40
Q

George C Marshall

A

army chief of staff; led mobilization effort of the military

41
Q

american women

A

filled a variety of vital roles in the military

42
Q

waves

A

navy program; women accepted for volunteer emergency service; clerical work (basic office duties)

43
Q

wasps

A

Air Force program; women Air Force service pilots; tested and delivered aircraft

44
Q

wacs

A

army program; women’s army corp; repaired equipment and electricians

45
Q

national war labor board

A

helped settle labor disputes; 1941

46
Q

Smith Connolly act

A

war labor disputes act; seize and operate industries threatened by strikes interfering with war production

47
Q

Manhattan project

A

top secret mission to build the atomic bomb

48
Q

J Robert Oppenheimer

A

developed the atomic bomb

49
Q

Rosie the Riveter

A

working women of the war represented

50
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

Nuremberg, Germany; took Nazis to trial; judges from the allies; International military tribunal

51
Q

Japan 1941

A

invades Phillipines

52
Q

April 1942 surrender

A

10,000 American and 60,000 Filipino troops on Bataan surrender

53
Q

Bataan Death March

A

captured soldiers forced to march through forests in Bataan; 60 miles to Camp O’Donnell

54
Q

James Dolittle

A

Latinate colonel; secret special mission; going to bomb Japan; didn’t cause major damage

55
Q

Battle of Coral Sea

A

Japan prepared to invade New Guinia; Admiral Chester Nimitz; stopped Japanese attack

56
Q

Battle of Midway

A

broke Japanese code; sank 3 Japanese aircrafts

57
Q

enigma

A

germans code system

58
Q

Battle of Guadalcanal

A

Solomon Islands; protect Australia

59
Q

navajo code talkers

A

had to go through intensive training; translated messages into code version of Navajo; marines

60
Q

Phillipines attack

61
Q

kamikaze attack

A

suicide bombers

62
Q

Battle of the Bulge

A

Dec 16, 1944; Belgian city of Bastogne

63
Q

George S Patton

A

Bastogne; helped push German troops back

64
Q

Iwo Jima

A

island 750 from Japanese army; 19,000 Japanese; 7,000 US

65
Q

Okinawa

A

12,000 Americans; was to be launching pad for Japan; 110,000 troops

66
Q

Kristallacht

A

“night of broken glass”; 9m million jews

67
Q

ghettos

A

worst in Warsaw, Poland

68
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A

1st mobil killing unit; 1941

69
Q

Dachu

A

concentration camp

70
Q

war refugee law

A

1944; US let 200,000 jews come into the country

71
Q

victory garden

A

plant your own vegetables to save food for the troops

72
Q

Ernie Pyle

A

newspaper journalist

73
Q

Germany 1942 attacked

A

Stahngrad; August; lost and marked beginning of Germany’s collapse

74
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

“desert fox”; sent by Hitler to North Africa

75
Q

operation torch

A

US sent Eisenhower to invade Morocco and Algeria

76
Q

4 freedoms

A

speech, worship, from want, from fear

77
Q

office of war information

A

propaganda; information and ideas to promote war

78
Q

executive order 9066

A

Japanese Americans forced to go to internments (step up from concentration camps)

79
Q

Fred Korematsu

A

refused executive order; American citizen; Supreme Court ruled the order was a temporary wartime measure; conviction overturned in 1983

80
Q

office of price administration

A

limits prices businesses could charge for products and materials

81
Q

war production board

A

military got products first and everyone else second

82
Q

yalta conference

A

big 3; Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin; Soviet Union; planning for future in Germany; 4 zones; Americans, soviet, British, and French; Berlin divided into 4 zones; Poland; free election; declare war on Japan 3 months after Germany collapsed

83
Q

Hitler’s death

A

April 30, 1945; suicide in Berlin bunker

84
Q

V-E day

A

victory in Europe day; May 8

85
Q

Harry Truman

A

president; said we should use Manhattan project

86
Q

Enola Gay

A

dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima; April 6, 1945; Paul Tibbets pilot

87
Q

Major Charles Sweeney

A

US dropped bomb on Nagasaki; Bockscar; Aug 9

88
Q

Aug 9

A

emperor of Japan surrendered ending war

89
Q

United Nations

A

encouraged cooperation and to prevent war

90
Q

potsdam conference

A

allied leaders; discuss communism and Soviet influence

American history (25 decks)

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