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American history > Chapter 14: 2nd Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Chapter 14: 2nd Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

bessemer process

A

“air boiling”; purified steel to make America the world’s top producer; super hot air to take impurities out

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2
Q

Henry Bessemer

A

Bessemer process

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3
Q

Edwin L. Drake

A

first commercial oil well

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4
Q

wildcatters

A

oil prospectors

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5
Q

capitalism

A

competition determines price and wages

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6
Q

laissez faire

A

capitalism with no government intervention

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7
Q

social darwinism

A

Charles Darwin; applied to society; stronger businesses survive, weaker fail

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8
Q

proprietorship

A

small business; one person

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9
Q

partnership

A

two or more people involved in the company; all liable

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10
Q

corporation

A

businesses owned by stockholders; board of directors

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11
Q

monopoly and trust

A

companies merge; board or trustees who run as single entity; complete control of industry

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12
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

vertical and horizontal integration; oil company

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13
Q

vertigal integration

A

own every step of the process

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14
Q

horizontal integration

A

only own one step of the process

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15
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

used profits from businesses to do his company; steel company; vertical integration; Gospel of Wealth (wealthy help less fortunate)

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16
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

investing in railroads; New York Central; 4,500 miles of track by the height of his career; donated 1 million to university

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17
Q

George Pullman

A

made sleeper cars; built town south of Chicago to house workers to make happier

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18
Q

George Westinghouse

A

invented train air brakes; made ac in the household; formed electricity and manufacturing company

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19
Q

Phillip Armor

A

investor in meat packing; head of Armors Company

20
Q

duPont

A

began as gunpowder manufacturer; hierarchal managerial structure; shifted to chemicals, textiles, and kevlar

21
Q

kevlar

A

stabproof fabric

22
Q

Gustaves Franklin Swift

A

began as butcher; refrigerated train cars; advertised to win public confidence; 1st of antitrust prosecutors for price fixing

23
Q

Milton Hershey

A

failed 3 times as a candy maker; Lancaster Caramel Company; sold company of chocolate factory for milk chocolate; formed Hershey, PA

24
Q

J P Morgan

A

joined Vanderbilt and secured seat in NYCBOD; merge of Edison General Electric and Thomas-Houston Company; money maker for all the other rich people

25
Q

Alexander Grahm Bell

A

worked with Thomas Edison; Bell telephone company; graphite and metal detector invention

26
Q

robber barons

A

what middle class referred the rich people as

27
Q

captains of industry

A

what rich people referred to other rich people as

28
Q

mass marketing

A

Sears; anything you need in one store

29
Q

hands-off policy

A

government couldn’t interfere with the business

30
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

illegal to form trusts that interfere with trade

31
Q

unions

A

group of workers that got together to protest for better working conditions

32
Q

Knights of Labor

A

1869; campaigned for reforms; Terrence V Powderly; unskilled and skilled workers

33
Q

Great Railroad Strike

A

1877; state militia called out; first strike

34
Q

Haymarket Riot

A

1886; group of the Haymarket Square in Chicago protesting peacefully; bomb thrown; 8 men charged who weren’t there

35
Q

xenophobia

A

fear of foreigners

36
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

forced employees to sign saying not to start unions; Samuel Gomners; only skilled laborers

37
Q

blacklisted

A

can’t get a job in town; called to other factories dirty talking employee

38
Q

scabs

A

people trying to go to work during a strike to get other people’s jobs

39
Q

Homestead Strike

A

PA; manager tried to lock out workers; Carnegie Steel; 14 hour battle and 14 deaths; state militia called to resolve problem

40
Q

Pullman Strike

A

cut wages by 25%; Eugene V Debs; Cleveland called federal troops; kept rent same price but lowered wages

41
Q

streetcars

A

pulled by horses; San Fransisco

42
Q

Wilbur and Orville Wright

A

airplanes; first to fly an airplane; Kitty Hawk; 12 seconds

43
Q

Samuel Morse

A

morse code; inventor of the telegraph

44
Q

Christopher Latham Sholes

A

OWERTY keyboard; typewriter

45
Q

Thomas Eddison

A

almost deaf by 12; think in park with other inventors; Menlo Park, NJ

American history (25 decks)

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