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American history > Chapter 25 Reading > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

US and Great Britain wanted

A

united Germany and independent nations in Eastern Europe

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2
Q

Stalin wanted

A

weak, divided Germany and Eastern Europe under communist control

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3
Q

satellite states

A

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and eastern part of Germany

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4
Q

Truman

A

after meeting in Potsdam became convinced the Soviet Union had aspirations toward world domination; began the Cold War; asked congress for money to help Turkey and Greece to fight communism; ordered the development of a hydrogen bomb

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5
Q

Churchill

A

agreed with Truman and said iron curtain descended upon Europe

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6
Q

east of the curtain

A

Stalin tightening his grip and trying to spread communism

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7
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Truman’s promise of aid; set new course for American foreign policy

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8
Q

containment

A

goal of another American policy; use American power to help nations resist communism

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9
Q

Marshall Plan

A

containments 1st success; Marshall’s economic recovery plan for Europe; US gave $13 billion in grants and loans to Western European nations

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10
Q

1948 Stalin decided to

A

block all shipping from western Germany into west Berlin; hope to make the city fall to the communists

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11
Q

Berlin airlift

A

US and Britain stopped Stalin’s plan by airlifting supples, including food, fuel, and clothing into West Berlin; showed that communism can be contained

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12
Q

North Atlantic treaty organization

A

NATO; 12 Western European and North American nations agreed to act together to defend Western Europe; west Germany joined in 1955

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13
Q

Warsaw pact

A

Soviet Union response to NATO; all communist states of Eastern Europe except Yugoslavia promised to defend one another if attacked

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14
Q

Jiang Jieshi

A

known as Chaing Kaishek in US; US supported; allies with Mao against Japan during the war; became enemies

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15
Q

Mao Zedong

A

Soviet Union aided

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16
Q

Mao’s communists

A

took over the Chinese mainland; called their government the peoples republic of china

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17
Q

after WW2 US and Soviet Union split

A

Korea into 2 nations divided by the 38th parallel of latitude

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18
Q

June 25, 1950

A

90,000 north Korean troops armed with Soviet Union weapons crossed the 38th parallel to attack South Korea; Truman sent American troops to join South Korean and United Nations forces

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19
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

under him attacked the port city of Inchon; drove the North Koreans back north; told Truman china wouldn’t intervene and continued to push forward; distrusted Trumans policy of “limited war”; got fired when he sent a letter to congress condemning the policy

20
Q

November 26, 1950

A

300,000 Chinese soldiers attacked

21
Q

Eisenhower hinted

A

might use nuclear weapons to achieve a cease-fire

22
Q

2 things changed

A

Trumans use of American forces enlarged the power of the presidency; new alliance called the Southeast Asia treaty organization SEATO

23
Q

SEATO

A

formed to prevent the spread of communism; asian version of NATO

24
Q

September 2, 1949

A

America learned the soviets had an atomic bomb; world suddenly became more threatening

25
Q

scientists

A

warned developing the h bomb would lead to a perpetual arms race

26
Q

mutually assured destruction

A

US and Soviet Union; stockpiling weapons; prevent the other form actually using the weapons

27
Q

massive retaliation

A

Eisenhower foreign policy emphasized

28
Q

John Foster Dulles

A

Eisenhower’s SOS; believed only by going to the brink of war (brinkmanship) could the US discourage communist aggression

29
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A

became leader of the Soviet Union in 1953; continued to try to spread communism; shut down students and workers in Hungary from rioting

30
Q

wokers in Poland

A

rioted against Soviet rule and won greater control of their government

31
Q

Gamal Abdel Nasser

A

Egypt’s president; wanted to build a dam in the Nile River; opened relations with communist china and the Soviet Union and US withdrew its offer to help; nationalized Suez Canal

32
Q

Britain, France, and Israel

A

in response invaded Egypt; using Suez as excuse took control of canal but withdrew when US wouldn’t help

33
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine announced

A

use force to help any nation threatened by communism; used in 1958 to put down a revolt against a pro-American government in Lebanon

34
Q

Eisenhower administration used

A

CIA to help return American governments to Iran and Guatemala

35
Q

October 4, 1957

A

Soviets launched the satellite Sputnik 1

36
Q

response to Sputnik 1

A

congress passed legislation to educated more scientists and created NASA

37
Q

red scare

A

public fear that communists were working to destroy America both from within and without; spurred Truman to investigate federal employees

38
Q

1940 smith act

A

truman administration used to send 11 US communist party members to prison; law against advocating violent overthrow of the government

39
Q

house committee on un-American activities

A

investigated supervise activities throughout American life including academic institutions, labor unions, and city halls; targeted the Hollywood 10

40
Q

hollywood 10

A

groups of left wing writers, directors, and producers; refused to testify against themselves and sent to prison

41
Q

blacklist

A

named entertainment figured suspected of communist ties

42
Q

Alger Hiss

A

government employee who helped organized the United Nations; denied everything before HUAC but sentenced 5 years in prison

43
Q

Whittaker Chambers

A

former member of the communist party and espionage agent; named Hiss as one of his government contacts

44
Q

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

A

accused of passing secret information about nuclear science to soviet agents; being persecuted because they were jewish and held unpopular beliefs; convicted in highly controversial trial and executed in 1953

45
Q

Joseph R McCarthy

A

senator from Wisconsin; claimed he had long lost of communists in the state department; each time asked to give spacific names figures changed; popularity soared; targets grew bigger; went after US army; popularity went down when witnesses saw him twist the truth during tv hearings

46
Q

McCarthyism

A

became catchword for the senators vicious style of reckless charges

47
Q

end of Korea War an McCarthy’s downfall

A

signaled the decline of the red scare

American history (25 decks)

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