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American history > Chapter 29 Reading > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

France

A

had control of Vietnam as a colony before the war; strong independent movement happened

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2
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

led independent movement; fought for Vietnamese independence for 30 years; fled Vietnam in 1912; embraced communism and formed ties with Soviet Union; took over North Vietnam

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3
Q

US involvement

A

with Vietnam to keep France as an ally; Truman and Eisenhower wanted to contain communism

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4
Q

to ensure french support in the Cold War

A

Truman agreed to help France regain control of Vietnam

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5
Q

domino theory

A

if Vietnam fell to communism, its closest neighbors would follow and then spread throughout the entire region

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6
Q

France

A

lost its hold on Vietnam

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7
Q

Dien Bien Phu

A

French troops trapped at military base for 56 days; French surrendered

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8
Q

Geneva Accords

A

peace conference in Geneva, Switzerland; France granted independence to Vietnam; divided the country into North and South; anticommunist government took over south

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9
Q

SEATO

A

US channeled aid to South Vietnam through

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10
Q

Vietcong

A

communist gorilla fighters; supplied by communists in North Vietnam; attacked South Vietnamese government officials and destroyed roads and bridges

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11
Q

Kennedy began sending

A

US troops to South Vietnam

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12
Q

Johnson increased US involvement

A

after North Vietnam attacked a US destroyer patrolling the Gulf of Tonkin

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13
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A

gave Johnson the authority to use force to defend American troops; gave the president the power to commit US troops to fight without asking congress for a formal declaration of war

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14
Q

operation rolling thunder

A

Johnson took US deeper into the war by ordering a large bombing campaign; later ordered more troops to fight on the ground

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15
Q

Robert McNamara and General William Westmoreland

A

more active strategy of continuing to fight on ground; Secretary of State; American commander in South Vietnam

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16
Q

napalm

A

jellied gasoline that covered large areas in flames

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17
Q

agent orange

A

herbicide that destroys plant life; used to disrupt the enemy’s food supply

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18
Q

Vietcong and North Vietnamese Army fought

A

with guerrilla tactics in the jungle trying to wear down US because they knew they couldn’t defeat them traditionally; followed Min’s doctrine

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19
Q

Ho Chi Min’s doctrine

A

fighting should never be on the opponents terms

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20
Q

communist forces used

A

hit and run attacks, nighttime ambushes, and booby traps

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21
Q

difficult for US troops

A

to know which Vietnamese person was a friend or enemy

22
Q

by 1968 more than

A

30,000 Americans had been killed in Vietnam; each year yielded little progress; troop morale began to fall

23
Q

costs of the war grew

A

each year; strained government finances

24
Q

government spending

A

lowered the unemployment rate at home; led to rising prices and inflation

25
Q

Johnson forced to

A

raise taxes; social programs had to be cut

26
Q

hawks

A

supported the war and believed they were fighting communism

27
Q

doves

A

questioned the war on moral and strategic grounds; not convinced Vietnam was a vital Cold War battleground

28
Q

war in Vietnam divided

A

Americans and opened deep emotional rift in American society

29
Q

to provide enough soldiers for war

A

the government drafted young men into service

30
Q

draft boards

A

allowed to grant deferments to college students and men who worked in certain occupations; most of the men who served in Vietnam came from working class and poor backgrounds; African Americans high

31
Q

college campuses

A

became centers of antiwar sentiment

32
Q

students for a democratic society

A

SDS; formed in 1960 to fight racism and poverty; became a leading antiwar group; college students and police clashed

33
Q

nightly tv coverage of the war

A

filed opposition to the conflict

34
Q

credibility gap

A

difference between war accounts given by journalists and the optimistic progress reported by the government

35
Q

tet offensive

A

public greatly surprised because of the governments reports of the war; offensive by the North Vietnamese Army showed the enemy was still strong; US repelled offensive; after American leaders seemed less confident of a quick end to war

36
Q

1968 presidential election

A

Senator Eugene McCarthy (antiwar democratic presidential candidate) made surprisingly strong showing in early primary election; Robert Kennedy (democratic senator) announced candidacy; Johnson wouldn’t run for a 2nd term

37
Q

spring and summer

A

saw violence at home; MLK assassinated, Robert Kennedy assassinated after wining California primary

38
Q

Democratic Convention Center

A

major protests erupted; police clashed with antiwar protestors in streets outside convention center; helped Nixon win presidency in 1968

39
Q

Nixon promised

A

to achieve “peace with honor” in Vietnam

40
Q

Nixon believed

A

peace deal could be negotiated with North Vietnam; gradually began to pull American troops out of Vietnam when deal stalled; hoped American supplies to the South Vietnamese Army would be sufficient for the army to secure and hold South Vietnam

41
Q

Vietnamization

A

Nixon believed the South Vietnamese Army should fight on its own

42
Q

1970 Nixon

A

ordered a ground attack on communists in Cambodia; angered antiwar activists at home who claimed Nixon was widening the war not ending it

43
Q

Kent State University

A

members of the National Guard fired into a group o protesters; killed 4; led to demonstrations on other campuses including Jackson State in Mississippi where 2 students were killed

44
Q

My Lai

A

American troops killed over 400 unarmed Vietnamese in village

45
Q

pentagon papers

A

showed the government had been dishonest with the public and with congress about the Vietnamese War

46
Q

American bombing induced

A

the North Vietnamese to resume negotiations

47
Q

Paris Peace Accords

A

January 1973; US, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and Vietcong signed; American troops would withdraw from South Vietnam, North Vietnamese troops would remain in South Vietnam; fighting continued in Vietnam but over in US

48
Q

north Vietnamese army

A

Soviet supplied; defeated south Vietnam; Vietnam was united under communist regime

49
Q

turmoil

A

troubled Southeast Asia for many years afterward

50
Q

after experience in Vietnam

A

Americans were less willing to intervene in the affairs of other countries; had less trust in their leaders

51
Q

war powers act

A

restricted the president’s authority to commit American troops to foreign conflicts

52
Q

fear of “another Vietnam”

A

affected American foreign policy

American history (25 decks)

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