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American history > Chapter 18 Reading > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

nationalism renewed

A

old grudges among countries

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2
Q

militarism

A

glorification of the military; eventually produced arms race between Germany and Britain at sea; among Germany, France, and Russia on land

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3
Q

European leaders preparing for war

A

strengthened their military and formed allies

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4
Q

tripple alliance

A

Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy

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5
Q

tripple entente

A

France, Russia, and Great Britain

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6
Q

Francis Ferdinand

A

archduke of Austria Hungary; assassinated by Serbian youth

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7
Q

Russia

A

came to aid of Serbia against Australia

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8
Q

Germany

A

declared war on Russia and Belgium; later announced unrestricted submarine warfare against Britain

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9
Q

France

A

Russia’s ally; declared war on Germany

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10
Q

Great Britain

A

declared war on Germany

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11
Q

Western front in France

A

became critical battle front

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12
Q

German soldiers

A

settled onto high ground, dug trenches, and fortified their position

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13
Q

French and British

A

dug trenches after German soldiers

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14
Q

new military technology

A

machine guns and poison gas; led to millions of casualties

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15
Q

President Woodrow Wilson called for

A

Americans to remain impartial

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16
Q

swayed American opinion on Germany

A

brutal German invasion of Belgium

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17
Q

U Boat

A

German submarine

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18
Q

Lusitania

A

British passenger boat sunk by German U Boat

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19
Q

Minister Arthur Zimmerman

A

German foreigner; sent telegram to Mexico proposing alliance between Germany and Mexico

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20
Q

Zimmerman note

A

intercepted by the British and given to American authorities; Americans shocked by its content

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21
Q

April 6, 1917

A

US declared war on Germany

22
Q

selective service act

A

authorized a draft of young men for military service in Europe

23
Q

War Industries Board (WIB)

A

headed by Bernard Baruch; regulated all industries engaged in the war effort; urged Americans to conserve food as patriotic gesture

24
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

head of the food administration; set high prices for food to encourage farmers to increase production

25
Q

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

A

worked to convince the American public the war effort was a just cause

26
Q

George Creel

A

director of CPI; consumed education and widespread advertising campaign to “sell America”

27
Q

opposed Allies in USA

A

German Americans and Irish Americans

28
Q

conscientious objectors

A

people whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars

29
Q

Espionage Act

A

banned subversive newspapers, magazines, or printed materials

30
Q

Sedition Act

A

extended the Espionage Act of 1917; speech and expression of opinion that cast the government or the war effort in a negative light or interfered with the sale of government bonds

31
Q

Schenck v US

A

Supreme Court ruled there are times when the First Amendment protections on speech do not apply

32
Q

social changes

A

created jobs for women; 19th amendment

33
Q

great migration

A

more than 1.2 million African Americans move to the North to escape racism and find better jobs; Mexican Americans joined in crossing the boarder

34
Q

Germany ending conflict before America could

A

renewed unrestricted submarine warfare

35
Q

British and America convoys response to Lusitania

A

provided mutual safety by sending warships to protect merchant ships

36
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

led radical communists; gained control of Russia; fighting stopped between Russia and Germany

37
Q

fighting stopping between Russia and Germany

A

allowing Germany to launch an all out offensive on the western front

38
Q

John J Pershing

A

led American troops to help stop the German offensive and launch successful counteroffensives

39
Q

Nov 11, 1918

A

Germany surrendered ending World War 1

40
Q

Fourteen Points

A

President Woodrow Wilson promoted openness, encouraged independence, and supported freedom; advocated self determination

41
Q

self determination

A

right of people to choose their own form of self government

42
Q

League of Nations

A

world organization where countries could gather and peacefully resolve their issues

43
Q

1919

A

victorious Allies held peace conference in France

44
Q

other Allied leaders insisted

A

Germany make reparations

45
Q

reparations

A

payment for war damages

46
Q

map of Europe redrawn

A

national self determination was violated several times

47
Q

irreconcilable

A

handful of senators; believed US shouldn’t get entangled in world organizations such as the League of Nations

48
Q

reservationists

A

larger group of senators; opposed to the treaty as it was written

49
Q

without full American support

A

League of Nations proved unable to maintain peace among nations; Senate didn’t ratify the treaty

50
Q

WW1 changes

A

significant economic, social, political, and cultural changes in America

American history (25 decks)

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