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Undeleted > Chapter 9: Articulations > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

List the functional classifications of joints. (3)

A
  1. Synarthrosis - immovable joint
  2. Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable joint
  3. Diarthrosis - freely movable joint
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2
Q

List the structural classifications of joints. (3)

A
  1. Fibrous joint - ie. sutures
  2. Cartilaginous joint - ie. ribs
  3. Synovial joint - (most common)
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3
Q

What is arthrology?

A

The study of joints.

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4
Q

List the 2 ways joints can be classified.

A

Structure (type of connective tissue)

Function (degree of mobility)

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5
Q

List the 3 subcategories of fibrous joints.

A
  1. Gomphosis - joint between teeth and mandible/maxilla - (Classified as synarthrosis)
  2. Suture - joint between bones of the skull (Classified as synarthrosis)
  3. Syndesmosis - bones joined together by interosseous membrane; i.e. between radius and ulna or tibia and fibula (Classified as amphiarthrosis)
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6
Q

List the 2 subcategories of cartilaginous joints.

Give an example of each and what kind of cartilage is involved.

A
  1. Synchondroses - joint where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage; i.e. ribs to sternum (Classified as synarthrosis)
  2. Symphyses - joint with a pad of fibrocartilage between the articulating bones; i.e. pubic syntheses/vertebral discs (Classified as amphiarthrosis)
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7
Q

What is a synovial joint? List some examples.

A
  • Classified as diarthrosis (freely movable)
  • Most common type of joint in the body
  • Bones are separated by a space called a “joint cavity”
Examples:
Glenohumoral joint (shoulder joint)
Tempomandibular joint (TMJ)
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8
Q

List the parts of a joint capsule. (7 structures)

Identify these structures on the diagram in the book.

(Diagram - Pg. 257)

A
  1. Articular capsule
  2. Joint Cavity
  3. Synovial fluid
  4. Articular cartilages
  5. Ligaments
  6. Nerves
  7. Blood vessels
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9
Q

List the 4 accessory structures to synovial joints and a brief description of each.

A
  1. Bursa - saclike structure, contains synovial fluid, provides cushioning and the fluid helps reduce friction
  2. Fat pad - along periphery of joint, acts as packing material to fill the spaces; provides some protection
  3. Tendons - attach muscle to bones; stabilizes joint
  4. Ligaments - attaches bone to bone; stabilizes joint
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10
Q

List the 3 types of movement allowed by synovial joints.

A
  1. uniaxial - 1 plane
  2. biaxial - 2 planes
  3. multiaxial (triaxial) - multiple planes
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11
Q

List the 6 types if synovial joints, what kind of movement they have, and give an example of each.

A
  1. Planar (gliding) joint - uniaxial - ie. between the carpals/tarsals
  2. Hinge joint - uniaxial - ie. knee, phalanges
  3. Pivot joint - unaxial - ie. atlas/axis (this type has a ligament involved!!
  4. Condyloid joint - biaxial - ie. between metacarpals and phalanges
  5. Saddle joint - biaxial - ie. between carpal and metacarpal of thumb
  6. Ball and Socket joint - multiaxial - ie. hip and shoulder
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12
Q

List the important ligaments of the vertebral joints.
(I picked 3.)

(Diagram - Pg. 267)

A

Transverse ligament - on the atlas and stretches in front of the dens

Supraspinous ligament - runs along the spinous processes

Ligamentum flavum - attaches to the lamina to keep them in line; keeps gliding joints stable

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13
Q

List the important ligaments of the talocrural joint (ankle joint).
(I picked 2)

(Diagram - Pg. 280)

A

Deltoid ligaments - medial side of the ankle

Lateral ligaments - lateral side of the ankle (surprise!)

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14
Q

List the important ligament(s) of the coxal joint (hip joint).
(I picked 1) Why is this ligament important?

(Diagram - Pg. 276)

A

Ligament of the head of the femur.
Importance:
- attaches to the fovea on the femur and supplies the head of the femur with nutrients and blood

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15
Q

List the important ligaments of the knee joint.
(I picked 4)

(Diagram - Pg. 279)

A

ACL - Anterior Cruciate Ligament
PCL - Posterior Cruciate Ligament
LCL - Lateral Collateral Ligament
MCL - Medial Collateral Ligament

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16
Q

List the unique features of the talomandibular joint (TMJ).

A

It has an articular disc in the articular capsule.

17
Q

List the unique features of the shoulder joint.

A

Subacromial bursa

Subdeltoid bursa

18
Q

Define articulation.

A

A joint.

19
Q

Define articulate.

A

Place of contact between bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bones and teeth.

20
Q

Discuss relative stability of a joint as it relates to structure and mobility.

A

Structure determines mobility and stability.

more mobility = less stability

21
Q

List the 3 types of arthritis and

A
  1. Gouty arthritis (Gout) - increased uric acid, usually effects males, often starts in big toe; urate crystals form
  2. Osteoartritis - chronic, degenerative; most common type of arthritis; result of the “wear and tear” on joints
  3. Rhuematoid arthritis - Autoimmune (body attacking itself), body makes antibodies to fight a virus and it moves into the joints; treated with meds to slow it down and reduce pain; more common in women
22
Q

What is arthritis?

A 
group of inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the joints
Can cause: 
- swelling of the joint
- pain
- stiffness
23
Q

Direction of movements of the joints of the axial skeleton.

Joints:
Suture
Temporomandibular
Atlanto-occipital (atlas and occipital condyles)
Atlantoaxial (atlas and axis)
Intervertebral
Vertebrocostal (vertebra and ribs)
Lumbosacral (5th vertebra and sacrum)
Sternocostal (sternum and first 7 ribs)
A

Suture - no movement

Temporomandibular - depression, elevation, lateral displacement, protraction, retraction, slight rotation

Atlanto-occipital - flexion, extension, slight lateral flexion

Atlantoaxial - rotation

Intervertebral - flexion, extension, lateral flexion

Vertebrocostal - slight gliding

Lumbosacral - flexion, extension, lateral flexion

Sternocostal - some gliding between sternum & ribs 2-7

24
Q

Direction of movements of the joints of the pectoral girdle and upper limb.

Joints:
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Elbow
Radioulnar
Radiocarpal
Intercarpal
Carpometacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal
Interphalangeal
A

Sternoclavicular - Elevation depression circumduction

Acromioclavicular - gliding

Glenohumeral - Adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion, extension, hyperextension, internal and external rotation (same as medial and lateral rotation)

Elbow - flexion, extension

Radioulnar - rotation

Radiocarpal - adduction, abduction, circumduction, extension, flexion

Intercarpal - gliding

Carpometacarpal - adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion, extension, opposition, gliding

Metacarpophalangeal - adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion, extension

Interphalangeal - Flexion, extension

25
Q

Direction of movements of the joints of the pelvic girdle and upper limb.

Joints:
Sacroiliac
Coxal (hip)
Pubic symphysis
Knee
Tibiofibular
Talocrural (ankle)
Intertarsal
Tarsometatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal
A

Sacroiliac - slight gliding

Coxal (hip) - adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation (same as medial and lateral rotation)

Pubic symphysis - slight movement

Knee - flexion, extension, (book says internal and external rotation of leg in flexed position - seems like that movement would be more from the hip joint…?)

Tibiofibular - flight rotation of fibular during dorsiflexion

Talocrural (ankle) - dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

Intertarsal - Inversion, eversion

Tarsometatarsal - slight gliding

Metatarsophalangeal - Adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion, extension

Interphalangeal - flexion, extension

26
Q

In an intervertebral joint, which ligament connects the laminae of adjacent vertebra?

(Diagram - Pg. 267)

A

Ligamentum Flavum

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