Chapter 23 & 24: Vessels/Circulation & Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 classes of blood vessels.

A
  1. Arteries (Take blood away from the heart)
  2. Capillaries (Site o gas and nutrient exchange)
  3. Veins (Take blood to the heart)
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2
Q

Define anastomosis.

A

site where 2 or more vessels merge to supply the same body region
- more often veins than arteries

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3
Q

List and describe the 3 blood vessel tunics.

A
  1. Tunica Interna/Tunica Intima (innermost layer)
  2. Tunica Media (middle layer, smooth muscle, faso-constriction and dilation)
  3. Tunica Externa/Tunica Adventitia (outermost layer, connective tissue, helps anchor vessels to other tissues)
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4
Q

Differentiate between different types of arteries.

A

3 Types of arteries:

  1. Elastic
  2. Muscular
  3. Arteriole

As arteries diameter decreases there is a corresponding decrease in the amount of elastic fibers and a relative increase in the amount of smooth muscle

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5
Q

Describe the function of a capillary.

A
  • Allow gas and nutrient exchange between blood and body tissue to occur rapidly
  • Functional units of the cardiovascular system
  • Only tunica intima
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6
Q

Describe the structure of veins and venules.

A

Veins

  • Brain capillaries and return blood to the heart
  • BP is reduced in Veins
  • Function as blood reservoirs
  • Contain 1 way valves to keep blood from back flowing
  • Many deep veins pass though skeletal muscle groups and that helps move the blood along - “skeletal muscle pump”

Venules
- Merge to form veins

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7
Q

Discuss the seriousness of DVT and PE.

A

DVT - Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • Blood clot in a vein
  • Commonly in the calf
  • Fever, tenderness/redness of affected area, severe pain and swelling, rapid HR

PE - Pulmonary Embolus

  • Blood clot that breaks free and travels to the lung
  • Can block a branch of the pulmonary artery and potentially cause respiratory failure and death
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8
Q

Be able to identify the following major blood vessels on a diagram.

Diagram Pg. 692-693

A

Pulmonary vessels
Cardiac Coronary vessels
Aorta and parts/major branches
Circle of Willis

Arteries:
Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Celiac trunk
Mesenteric
Common Iliac
Internal/External Iliac
Femoral
Popliteal
Anterior and posterior tibial
Veins
Superior/Inferior vena cava
Brachiocephalic
Jugular
Subclavian
Common Iliac
Azygous
Hepatic portal
Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital 
Great saphenous
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9
Q

Describe the functions of the lymphatic system.

A
  1. Transport (Fluid, nutrients, dietary lipids)
  2. Lymphocyte development.
  3. Immune response.
  4. Reabsorb excess interstitial fluid and returns it to venous circulation.
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10
Q

Describe the structure of lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymphatic Capillaries

  • Closed-end tubes found in most blood capillary networks that originate in tissue spaces between cells
  • Act as 1 way valves
  • Called “lacteals” in small intestines; lymph in this area is called “chyle”

Lymphatic vessels
- lymph caps come together to form vessels (like veins)

Lymph nodes

  • afferent vessels connect to lymph nodes and bring fluid here where it is examined for pathogens then it exits the lymph node via efferent vessels
  • often found in clusters
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11
Q

List and describe the basic functions of lymphatic cells.

A
  1. Macrophages
  2. T-lymphocytes
    - Plasma membrane contains a core receptor that can recognize a particular antigen
    - 70-85% of lymphocytes in body
  3. B-lymphocytes
    - contain antigen receptors that respond to one particular antigen and cause production of antibodies (IgA, IgD, IgM, IgE, IgG)
    - this one is why vaccines work
  4. NK cells
    - Natural Killer cells
    - can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells
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12
Q

Diseases of the lymph.

A

Lymphedema

  • accumulation of interstitial fluid that occurs due to interference with lymphatic drainage in a part of the body

HIV and AIDS
- targets T-lymphcytes and causes a decrease in normal immune function

Lymphoma
- cancer in the lymph system

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