Chapter 12: Appendicular Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss appendicular muscles and the basic actions/motions they produce. (4)

A
  • Control movements of upper and lower limbs
  • Stabilize/control movements of pectoral and pelvic girdle
  • Work in groups that are synergistic or antagonistic
  • Organized into groups based on location or what they move
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2
Q

List the 5 specific groups of the upper extremities.

A
  1. Muscles that move the pectoral girdle
  2. Muscles that move the glenohumeral joint
  3. Muscles that move the elbow joint
  4. Muscles that move the wrist joint, hand, fingers
  5. Intrinsic muscles of the hand
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3
Q

Muscles that move the pectoral girdle (6)

A
  • Originate on axial skeleton
  • Insert on clavicle and scapula
  • Stabilize and move scapula

Muscles:

  • Pectoralis major and minor
  • Serratus anterior
  • Subclavius
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid major and minor
  • Trapezius
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4
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

“SITS”

  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
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5
Q

Muscles that move the elbow joint

A
  • Flexor compartment (anterior)
    • biceps brachii
    • brachialis
    • brachioradialis
  • Extensor compartment (posterior)
    • triceps brachii
    • anconeus
  • Extensors originate on the lateral epicondyle
  • Flexors originate on the medial epicondyle
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6
Q

Muscles that move the wrist joint, hand, fingers

A
  • Supinator muscle (posterior)
    • Supinates forearm
    • biceps brachii helps
  • Pronator teres (anterior compartment)
  • Pronator quadratus (anterior compartment)
    • both pronate forearm
  • Tendons of the forearm muscles surrounded by tendon sheaths
  • thick, fibrous band (retinaculum) around wrist prevents tendons from bulging outward (this forms the carpal tunnel - 9 tendons and the median nerve run through there)
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7
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A
  • Small muscles that originate and insert on the hand
  • entirely in the palm
  • 3 groups:
    1. Thenar group
    • thick, fleshy mass at base of thumb
      2. Hypothenar group
    • small, fleshy mass at base of pinky
      3. Midpalmar group
    • occupies space between 1st 2 groups
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8
Q

Muscles that move the pelvic girdle and lower limb

A
  • Larges and most powerful in the body
  • Several of them cross and act upon 2 joints
    • Hip (coxal )and knee
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9
Q

Muscles that move the coxal joint/thigh

A
  • Most originate on os coxae
  • Most insert on the femur
  • Stabilize joint and support body during standing and walking
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10
Q

Anterior Thigh Muscles

A
  • psoas major and iliacus (these merge and insert not he femur as iliopsoas)
  • Sartorius
    • longest muscle of body
    • acts on hip and knee joints
  • these muscles work synergistically to flex and laterally rotate the thigh
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11
Q

Muscles of the hip and thigh: Medial Compartment

A

Abducts and medially rotates the thigh
- Tensor fascia latae

  • All the rest of these adduct thigh:

(These also help flex thigh)

  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Gracilis
  • Pectineus

(This one also extends and laterally rotates thigh)
- Adductor magnus

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12
Q

Muscles of the hip and thigh: the GLUTES

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
    • largest and heaviest
    • chief extensor of thigh
    • laterally rotates thigh
  • Gluteus Medius
    • deep to maximus
    • powerful abductor
    • medially rotates thigh
    • shots given here
  • Gluteus Minimus
    • smallest of the flutes
    • deep to medius
    • helps medially rotate and abduct thigh
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13
Q

Muscles of the hip and thigh: The Deep 6

A

“If you have to pee, go, go, quickly.”

  1. Piriformis
  2. Superior gemellus
  3. Obturator externus
  4. Inferior gemellus
  5. Obturator internus
  6. Quadratus femoris
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14
Q

Muscles of the hip and thigh: Posterior Compartment

A

Hamstrings: (3 muscles)

  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Semitendinosus
  • Originate on ischial tuberosity
  • Insert on leg
  • Moves thigh and knee
  • Primary thigh movement: extension
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15
Q

Muscles of the hip and thigh: Quadriceps femoris (group)

A
  1. Vastus Medialis
    - anteromedial surface of thigh
  2. Vastus Lateralis
    - anterolateral surface of thigh
  3. Vastus Intermedius
    - between v. medialis and v. laterals
    - deep to rectus femoris
  4. Rectus Femoris
    - superficial to v. intermedius
  • all 4 converge into one quadriceps tendon which extends to the patella and continues to be inserted on the tibial tuberosity
  • group extends the knee
  • ## flexes hip
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16
Q

Name 3 muscles that cross the knee joint and work to flex the knee

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Popliteus

17
Q

Lower Leg Muscles

A
  • Move ankle, foot, and toes
  • Help flex knee
  • 3 compartments
    • Anterior
    • Lateral
    • Posterior
18
Q

Lower Leg Muscles: Anterior Compartment

A
  • Dorsiflex ankle and/or extend toes
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
  • Tibialis anterior
  • extensor retinaculum around ankle (like in the wrist)
19
Q

Lower Leg Muscles: Lateral Compartment

A
  • 2 muscles:
    • Fibularis (peroneus) longus
    • Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
      • deep to F. Longus
  • Powerful everters
  • Help with plantar flexion
20
Q

Lower Leg Muscles: Posterior Compartment

A
  • 4 deeper muscles:
    • Flexor digitorum longus
    • Flexor hallucis longus
    • Tibialis posterior
    • Popliteus

3 Superficial muscles:

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
21
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

A
  • Originate and insert within the foot
  • Support arches and move toes
  • 2 muscles in the dorsal group:
    • Extensor hallicus brevis
    • Extensor digitorum brevis