Chapter 13: Surface Anatomy Flashcards
Define Surface Anatomy
A branch of gross anatomy that examines shapes and markings on the surface of the body as they relate to deeper structures.
Discuss the importance of surface anatomy.
- Essential to locating/identifying anatomic structures
- Healthcare professionals use surface anatomy to help diagnose medical conditions and treat patients.
List and describe the 4 techniques used to examine surface anatomy
- Visual
- Directly observe the structure and markings of surface features
- Palpation
- Feeling with firm pressure and perceiving by the sense of touch
- Precisely locate and identify anatomic features under the skin
- Percussion
- Tap sharply on specific body body sites to detect resonating vibrations
- Auscultation
- listen to sounds emitted from organs
Identify 5 major regions.
- Head/Cranial
- Neck/Cervical
- Trunk
- Upper Limb and Shoulder
- Lower Limb
Be able to identify the structures in the head/cranial region. (20)
- Cranium
- Frontal region
- Temporal region
- Superficial temporal artery
- Occipital region
- External occipital protuberance
- Face
- External auditory canal (meatus)
- Auricle
- Mastoid Process
- Orbits
- Eyeballs
- Eyebrows
- Eyelids (palpebrae)
- Nose
- Nostrils (external nares)
- Oral region
- Lips
- Philtrum
- Mentum (chin)
Be able to identify the structures in the neck/cervical region. (11)
- Larynx
- Thyroid cartilage
- Laryngeal prominence
- Trachea
- Sternal Notch
- Nuchal Region
- Vertebra prominens
- Ligamentun nuchae
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Anterior triangle
- Posterior triangle
Be able to identify the structures in the trunk region. (24)
Thorax Region - Clavicle - Sternal Notch - Rib cage - Costal margins - Costal angle - Xiphoid process - Sternum - Sternal angle - Manubrium - Breast - Areola - Nipple Abdominopelvic Region - Umbilicus - Pubic bones - Rectus abdominis - Tendonous intersections - ASIS - Inguinal ligament - Pubic tubercle Back region - Scapular features - Major muscles - Vertebral features and spinal levels - Triangle of auscultation - Iliac crests
Be able to identify the structures in the upper limb/shoulder region. (11)
- Major muscles and prominent boney landmarks
- Axilla
- Brachium
- Brachial artery
- Cubital fascia
- Ulnar nerve
- Pulse of radial artery
- Pulse of ulnar arty
- Thenar eminence
- Hypothenar eminence
- Anatomical snuff box
Be able to identify the structures in the lower limb region. (9)
- Major muscles and boney landmarks
- Gluteal fold
- Gluteal (natal cleft)
- Locations of sciative nerve, femoral triangle
- Greater trochanter
- Popliteal fossa
- Pulse of posterior tibial artery
- Iliotibial tract (IT band)
- Location for pulse of dosalis pedis artery
Triangles of the Neck are divided into Anterior, Lateral and Posterior regions.
List the 4 subdivided triangles of the anterior triangle and list the significance each.
Anterior Triangle:
1. Submental triangle
- Submandible triangle
- Carotid triangle
- palpate for a pulse here
- internal jugular vein - Muscular triangle
- sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyroid gland
- cervical lymph nodes
Triangles of the Neck are divided into Anterior, Lateral and Posterior regions.
List the 2 subdivided triangles of the posterior triangle and list the significance of each.
Posterior Triangle
- Occipital triangle
- external jugular vein
- brachial plexus
- some lymph nodes
- accessory nerve - Supraclavicular triangle