Chapter 13: Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define Surface Anatomy

A

A branch of gross anatomy that examines shapes and markings on the surface of the body as they relate to deeper structures.

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2
Q

Discuss the importance of surface anatomy.

A
  • Essential to locating/identifying anatomic structures

- Healthcare professionals use surface anatomy to help diagnose medical conditions and treat patients.

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3
Q

List and describe the 4 techniques used to examine surface anatomy

A
  1. Visual
    • Directly observe the structure and markings of surface features
  2. Palpation
    • Feeling with firm pressure and perceiving by the sense of touch
    • Precisely locate and identify anatomic features under the skin
  3. Percussion
    • Tap sharply on specific body body sites to detect resonating vibrations
  4. Auscultation
    • listen to sounds emitted from organs
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4
Q

Identify 5 major regions.

A
  1. Head/Cranial
  2. Neck/Cervical
  3. Trunk
  4. Upper Limb and Shoulder
  5. Lower Limb
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5
Q

Be able to identify the structures in the head/cranial region. (20)

A
  • Cranium
  • Frontal region
  • Temporal region
  • Superficial temporal artery
  • Occipital region
  • External occipital protuberance
  • Face
  • External auditory canal (meatus)
  • Auricle
  • Mastoid Process
  • Orbits
  • Eyeballs
  • Eyebrows
  • Eyelids (palpebrae)
  • Nose
  • Nostrils (external nares)
  • Oral region
  • Lips
  • Philtrum
  • Mentum (chin)
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6
Q

Be able to identify the structures in the neck/cervical region. (11)

A
  • Larynx
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Laryngeal prominence
  • Trachea
  • Sternal Notch
  • Nuchal Region
  • Vertebra prominens
  • Ligamentun nuchae
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • Anterior triangle
  • Posterior triangle
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7
Q

Be able to identify the structures in the trunk region. (24)

A
Thorax Region
- Clavicle
- Sternal Notch
- Rib cage
- Costal margins
- Costal angle
- Xiphoid process
- Sternum
- Sternal angle
- Manubrium
- Breast
- Areola
- Nipple
Abdominopelvic Region
- Umbilicus
- Pubic bones
- Rectus abdominis
- Tendonous intersections
- ASIS
- Inguinal ligament
- Pubic tubercle
Back region
- Scapular features
- Major muscles
- Vertebral features and spinal levels
- Triangle of auscultation
- Iliac crests
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8
Q

Be able to identify the structures in the upper limb/shoulder region. (11)

A
  • Major muscles and prominent boney landmarks
  • Axilla
  • Brachium
  • Brachial artery
  • Cubital fascia
  • Ulnar nerve
  • Pulse of radial artery
  • Pulse of ulnar arty
  • Thenar eminence
  • Hypothenar eminence
  • Anatomical snuff box
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9
Q

Be able to identify the structures in the lower limb region. (9)

A
  • Major muscles and boney landmarks
  • Gluteal fold
  • Gluteal (natal cleft)
  • Locations of sciative nerve, femoral triangle
  • Greater trochanter
  • Popliteal fossa
  • Pulse of posterior tibial artery
  • Iliotibial tract (IT band)
  • Location for pulse of dosalis pedis artery
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10
Q

Triangles of the Neck are divided into Anterior, Lateral and Posterior regions.

List the 4 subdivided triangles of the anterior triangle and list the significance each.

A

Anterior Triangle:
1. Submental triangle

  1. Submandible triangle
  2. Carotid triangle
    - palpate for a pulse here
    - internal jugular vein
  3. Muscular triangle
    - sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyroid gland
    - cervical lymph nodes
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11
Q

Triangles of the Neck are divided into Anterior, Lateral and Posterior regions.

List the 2 subdivided triangles of the posterior triangle and list the significance of each.

A

Posterior Triangle

  1. Occipital triangle
    - external jugular vein
    - brachial plexus
    - some lymph nodes
    - accessory nerve
  2. Supraclavicular triangle
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