Chapter 26: Digestive System Flashcards
List and discuss the functions of the digestive system. (5)
- Ingest food
- Transport food (Propulsion via peristalsis and segmentation)
- Digest food into usable components (mechanical and chemical digestion)
- Absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
- Expel waste products from the body
- Secretion (enzymes, stomach acid, etc)
List and identify structures of the digestive system on a diagram.
GI Tract (6) and Accessory Structures (6)
Diagram Pg. 778
GI Tract (what makes up the tube)
- Oral cavity
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
Accessory structures include:
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Salivary Glands
- Liver
- Gallbaldder
- Pancreas
List and identify parts of a tooth on a diagram. (8)
Diagram Pg. 782
Teeth: Collectively known as “dentition.”
Gomphosis joint
Parts of a tooth:
- Crown
- Neck
- Root
- Enamel
- Pulp Cavity
- Dentin
- Dental alveoli
- Periodontal ligament
Describe classifications of teeth. (6)
Diagram Pg. 784
Deciduous - baby teeth, 20 of them
Permanent - adult teeth, 32 of them
Incisors - more anteriorly placed teeth, tend to erupt first
Canines - between incisors and premolars
Premolars - between canines and molars
Molars - more posterior (3rd molars - wisdom teeth - often impacted/grow at an angle)
Describe the arrangement of the peritoneum.
Diagram Pg. 785 (Mesenteries)
Parietal peritoneum - lines inside surface of the body wall
Visceral peritoneum - covers the surface of internal organs within the cavity
Mesenteries
- Greater omentum
- Lesser omentum
- Mesentary proper
- Mesocolon
List the functions (6) and identify structures of the liver. (6)
Diagram Pg. 802
Functions:
- Produce bile
- Detoxify blood (drugs, metabolites, poisons)
- Store excess nutrients/vitamins until needed
- Synthesize blood plasma proteins
- Phagocytize debris in blood
- Breakdown and recycle RBC and damaged elements
4 Lobes
- Right Lobe
- Left Lobe
- Caudate Lobe
- Quadrate Lobe
2 Ligaments
- Falciform Ligament
- Round Ligament
List and identify structures of the small intestine. (3)
Diagram Pg. 795
- Duodenum
- Jejunum (Primary region for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption)
- Ileum
List the functions (3) and identify structures of the large intestine. (10)
Diagram Pg. 798
Function:
- Absorb most of the water and electrolytes from digested material *
- Store feces until body is ready to defecate
- Absorbs small amount of nutrients remaining in digested material
- Absorb most of the water and electrolytes from digested material *
- Cecum
- Ascending colon
- Right colic flexure
- Transverse colon
- Left colic flexure
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
- Anal canal
- Ileocecal valve
List the functions (1) and identify structures of the gallbladder. (1)
Diagram Pg. 806
Function:
1. Store concentrated bile.
Structures:
1. Cystc duct (connects to) Common bile duct
List and identify structures of the stomach. (7)
Diagram Pg. 792
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Body
- Pylorus
- Pyloric Sphincter
- Greater and lesser curvatures
- Gastric folds