Chapter 27 & 28: Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

List the functions of the urinary system. (5)

Answer 1

1. Remove waste products from the blood stream
2. Storage of urine
3. Excretion of urine
4. Blood volume regulation
5. Regulation of erythrocyte production

Question 2

List and identify major structures of the urinary system. (4)

Diagram Pg. 816

Answer 2

1. Ureters
2. Urinary bladder
3. Urethra
4. Kidneys

Question 3

List and identify major structures of a kidney. (6)

Diagram Pg. 819

Answer 3

1. Renal lobe
2. Renal Medulla
3. Renal Cortex
4. Calyx (Major/Minor)
5. Renal Pelvis
6. Ureter

Question 4

List and identify major structures of the urinary bladder. ()

Diagram Pg. 829

Answer 4

1. Ureter
2. Trigone
3. Detrusor muscle
4. Internal and external urethral sphincters

Question 5

Define and label parts of a nephron. (7)

Diagram Pg. 822 and 823

Answer 5

Nephron: functional filtration unit of the kidney

1. Renal corpuscle
2. Proximal convoluted tubule
3. Nephron loop
4. Distal convoluted tubule
5. Afferent arteriole
6. Efferent arteriole
7. Glomerulus

Question 6

Discuss the differences between the male and female urethra.

Answer 6

Female Urethra:

• Single function: transport urine from bladder to the vestibule
• 3-5cm long and opens to the outside of the body

Male Urethra:

• Passageway for urine and semen
• 18-20cm long
• Partitioned into 3 segments:
  
  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. Membranous urethra
  3. Spongy/Penile urethra

Question 7

List and identify major structures of the female reproductive system. (10)

Diagram Pg. 843 and 844

Answer 7

Sex organ: Ovaries
Gamete produced: Oocyte
Hormones: Estrogen and Progesterone

Vagina
Uterus
Cervix
Ovaries
Clitoris
Labia majora
Vestibular glands
Uterine tube
Infundibulum
Fimbriae

Question 8

List and identify major structures of the male reproductive system. (11)

Diagram Pg. 859 and 860

Answer 8

Sex organ: Testes
Gamete produced: Sperm
Hormones: Androgens - testosterone

Penis
Testes
Epididymis
Scrotum
Spermatic cord
Ductus deferens
Dartos muscle
Cremaster muscle
Bulbouretheral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle

Question 9

Discuss the phases (3) of the ovarian cycle.

Answer 9

1. Follicular phase
   - Days 1-13 of the 28 day cycle
2. Ovulation phase
   - Occurs on day 14 of the 28 day cycle
   - the release of one secondary oocyte
3. Luteal phase
   - Occurs days 15-28 of the 28 day cycle
   - Remaining follicle cell turns into corpus luteum
   - Progesterone and estrogen secreted which stabilize build up of uterine lining and prepare for possible implantation
   - if implantation does not occur, uterine lining is shed as menstration

Question 10

Discuss the phases (3) of the uterine cycle.

Answer 10

1. Menstral Phase
   - Days 1-5 of the cycle
   - Sloughing of of he functional layer
2. Proliferative Phase
   - 6-14 days initial development of the functional layer of endometrium
3. Secretory Phase
   - Days 15-28
   - Increased progesterone secretion causes increased vascularization and development of uterine glands
   - if fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels decrease and the functional layer lining sloughs off and the next menstrual phase begins