Chapter 21 & 22: Blood and Heart Flashcards
Discuss the functions of blood. (3)
- Transportation (O2, CO2, Nutrients, waste)
- Regulation (Body temp, pH, fluid levels)
- Protection (immune system response and production of antibodies)
List the basic components of blood.
- Formed Elements (RBC, WBC, platelets)
2. Plasma
Describe the formed elements of blood (3) and their basic functions.
- RBC
- erthrocytes: transport respiratory gases in the blood - WBC
- leukocytes: defend body against pathogens - Platelets
- blood clotting
List the steps of the RBC life cycle. (5)
Diagram Pg. 641
- RBC form in red bone marrow.
- RBC circulate in bloodstream for 120 days.
- Aged RBC are phagocytized in liver and spleen.
- Heme components of blood are recycled.
- RBC membrane proteins and globin proteins broken down into mini acids and some are used to make new RBCs
List the different blood types.
A (with A antigens, B antibodies)
B (with B antigens, A antibodies)
AB (with A and B antigens, no antibodies) - universal recipient
O (with neither antigen, A and B antibodies) - universal donor
List and identify the major vessels and chambers of the heart.
Diagram Pg. 659 and 661
- Superior and inferior vena cava
- Right and left atrium
- Right and left ventricle
- Aorta/Aortic arch
- Pulmonary trunk, arteries, veins
- Papillary muscles
- Cordae tendineae
- Auricles
- Coronary Sinus, artery
- Right and left AV valves
- Interventricular septum
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Purkinji fibers
- Pulmonary and Aortic semilunar valves
- Conus arteriosus
Describe the pericardial sac and supportive connective tissue.
Fibrous sac held in place within the mediastinum by connective tissue that supports the great vessels’ external walls
- Restricts heart movement in the thoracic cavity and prevents it from over filling with blood
- Outer portion: tough, dense pericardium
- Inner portion: thin, serous pericardium with 2 layers
- Visceral and parietal layer
Describe flow of blood through the heart (cardiac cycle). (15)
Contraction of heart chamber: systole “Lub”
- forces blood out of the chamber
Relaxation of heart chamber: diastole “Dub”
- chamber is relaxed and fills with blood
Blood flow:
- Superior and inferior vena cava with deoxygenated blood
- Right atrium
- Through R AV Valve (tricuspid)
- Right ventricle
- Through Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Pulmonary trunk and arteries
- To the lungs for gas exchange
- Pulmonary veins with oxygenated blood
- Left atrium
- Through L AV valve (bicuspid)
- Left ventricle
- Through Aortic semilunar valve
- Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta
- To the rest of the body (systemic arteries) for gas exchange in the tissue
- Systemic veins (now back up to #1)
Describe the conduction system of the heart.
- Autoarythmicity
1. SA node
2. Atria contract
3. AV node
4. Bundle of His
5. L and R bundles
6. Purkinje fibers
7. Ventricular contraction