Chapter 21 & 22: Blood and Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss the functions of blood. (3)

A
  1. Transportation (O2, CO2, Nutrients, waste)
  2. Regulation (Body temp, pH, fluid levels)
  3. Protection (immune system response and production of antibodies)
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2
Q

List the basic components of blood.

A
  1. Formed Elements (RBC, WBC, platelets)

2. Plasma

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3
Q

Describe the formed elements of blood (3) and their basic functions.

A
  1. RBC
    - erthrocytes: transport respiratory gases in the blood
  2. WBC
    - leukocytes: defend body against pathogens
  3. Platelets
    - blood clotting
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4
Q

List the steps of the RBC life cycle. (5)

Diagram Pg. 641

A
  1. RBC form in red bone marrow.
  2. RBC circulate in bloodstream for 120 days.
  3. Aged RBC are phagocytized in liver and spleen.
  4. Heme components of blood are recycled.
  5. RBC membrane proteins and globin proteins broken down into mini acids and some are used to make new RBCs
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5
Q

List the different blood types.

A

A (with A antigens, B antibodies)
B (with B antigens, A antibodies)
AB (with A and B antigens, no antibodies) - universal recipient
O (with neither antigen, A and B antibodies) - universal donor

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6
Q

List and identify the major vessels and chambers of the heart.

Diagram Pg. 659 and 661

A
  1. Superior and inferior vena cava
  2. Right and left atrium
  3. Right and left ventricle
  4. Aorta/Aortic arch
  5. Pulmonary trunk, arteries, veins
  6. Papillary muscles
  7. Cordae tendineae
  8. Auricles
  9. Coronary Sinus, artery
  10. Right and left AV valves
  11. Interventricular septum
  12. SA node
  13. AV node
  14. Bundle of His
  15. Purkinji fibers
  16. Pulmonary and Aortic semilunar valves
  17. Conus arteriosus
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7
Q

Describe the pericardial sac and supportive connective tissue.

A

Fibrous sac held in place within the mediastinum by connective tissue that supports the great vessels’ external walls

  • Restricts heart movement in the thoracic cavity and prevents it from over filling with blood
  • Outer portion: tough, dense pericardium
  • Inner portion: thin, serous pericardium with 2 layers
    • Visceral and parietal layer
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8
Q

Describe flow of blood through the heart (cardiac cycle). (15)

A

Contraction of heart chamber: systole “Lub”
- forces blood out of the chamber
Relaxation of heart chamber: diastole “Dub”
- chamber is relaxed and fills with blood

Blood flow:

  1. Superior and inferior vena cava with deoxygenated blood
  2. Right atrium
  3. Through R AV Valve (tricuspid)
  4. Right ventricle
  5. Through Pulmonary semilunar valve
  6. Pulmonary trunk and arteries
  7. To the lungs for gas exchange
  8. Pulmonary veins with oxygenated blood
  9. Left atrium
  10. Through L AV valve (bicuspid)
  11. Left ventricle
  12. Through Aortic semilunar valve
  13. Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta
  14. To the rest of the body (systemic arteries) for gas exchange in the tissue
  15. Systemic veins (now back up to #1)
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9
Q

Describe the conduction system of the heart.

A
  • Autoarythmicity
    1. SA node
    2. Atria contract
    3. AV node
    4. Bundle of His
    5. L and R bundles
    6. Purkinje fibers
    7. Ventricular contraction
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