Chapter 8: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What bones make up the appendicular skeleton.
Pectoral girdle
Upper Limbs
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limbs
List the function of the pectoral girdle and the 2 bones involved.
Function: attach the upper limb to the trunk
- Clavicle
- Scapula
List and identify the prominent features of the clavicle.
Diagram - Pg. 223
S-shaped
Extends from manubrium of sternum to the acromion of the scapula
Acromial end
Sternal end
Conoid tubercle
List and identify the prominent features of the scapula (I picked 5) including the 3 angles, 3 borders, and 3 fossas.
(Diagram - Pg. 224)
Spine Acromion Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Glenoid cavity
3 angles:
- superior angle
- inferior angle
- lateral angle
3 border:
- superior border
- medial border
- lateral border
3 fossas:
- subscapular fossa
- infraspinous fossa
- supraspinous fossa
List the function of the pelvic girdle and the bones involved.
Function: attach the lower limb to the trunk
- (Left and Right) Os coxae
- Ilium
- Ishium
- Pubis
Name the joint where the clavicle and scapula articulate.
Acromioclavicular joint
Name the joint where os coxae and sacrum articulate.
Sacroiliac joint
List the bones of the upper limb.
Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals (8) Metacarpals (I-V) Phalanges
List the 8 carpal bones.
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
List the bones of the lower limb.
Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals (7) Metatarsals (I-V) Phalanges
List the 7 tarsal bones.
Calcaneous Talus Navicular Cuboid Cuniforms (3) - Medial cuniform - Intermediate cuniform - Lateral cuniform
Name the 3 arches of the foot and their orientations.
- Medial longitudinal arch
- extends heal to big toe
- highest arch - Lateral longitudinal arch
- from heel to 5th toe - Transverse Arch
- perpendicular to longitudinal arch
- runs along distal row of tarsals
List the major landmarks of the Humerus.
(I picked 13)
(Diagram - Pg. 227)
Head Anatomical neck Surgical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Trochlea Capitulum Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa
List the major landmarks of the Radius.
(I picked 6)
(Diagram - Pg. 228-229)
Head Neck Radial tuberosity Shaft Styloid process Ulnar notch (on the radius)
List the major landmarks of the Ulna.
(I picked 6)
(Diagram - Pg. 228-229)
Olecranon Coronoid process Trochlear notch Radial Notch (on the ulna) Shaft Styloid process
List the major landmarks of the Femur.
(I picked 16)
(Diagram - Pg. 238-239)
Head Fovea Neck Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Shaft Lateral epicondyle Medical epicondyle Lateral condyle Medial condyle Adductor tubercle Patellar surface Intercondylar fossa Popliteal surface Linea aspera Intertrochanteric crest
List the major landmarks of the Tibia.
(I picked 8)
(Diagram - Pg. 242-243)
Lateral condyle Medial condyle Intercondylar eminence Tibial tuberosity Fibular articular facet Shaft Fibular notch Medial Malleolus
List the major landmarks of the Fibula.
(I picked 4)
(Diagram - Pg. 242-243)
Head
Neck
Shaft
Lateral Malleolus
Identify the structures of the hand.
(I picked 3 with subcategories totaling 16)
(Diagram - Pg. 231)
Carpals (8) - Scaphoid - Lunate - Triquetrium - Pisiform - Trapezium - Trapezoid - Capitate - Hamate Metacarpals I-V - 1 is the thumb - V is the pinky Phalanges - proximal phalanx - middle phalanx - distal phalanx
Identify the structures of the foot.
(I picked 3 with subcategories totaling 15)
(Diagram - Pg. 244)
Tarsals - Calcaneus - Talus - Navicular - Cuboid - Lateral cuniform - Intermediate cuniform - Medial cuniform Metatarsals - Big toe is I - Pinky toe is V Phalanges - Proximal phalanx - Middle phalanx - Distal phalanx
List the gender differences in the structure of the pelvis.
I picked 7
- Female pelvis is wider; Male pelvis is narrow
- Female subpubic angle is broader; Males more V shaped
- Female pelvic inlet is spacious, wide, oval; Male heart shaped
- Female acetabulum is smaller; Male larger
- Males the greater sciatic notch is narrow, u-shaped
- Female coccyx posterior tilt; Males it’s vertical
- Female ilium is shallow - does not project above sacroiliac joint; males do
What is different in the structure of the phalanges for the thumb and big toe?
They do not have a middle phalanx; only a proximal and a distal.
What is another name for the thumb?
Pollex
What is another name for the big toe?
Hallux
