Chapter 7 (Extended Edition) Flashcards
Where did oceanic commerce transform its participants the most?
Southeast Asia and East Africa
Where was Southeast Aia situate geographically?
Between China and India, and was to play an important role in the evolving world of Indian Ocean commerce.
What does the case of Srivijaya illustrate?
It illustrates the connection between commerce and state building
What were the new civilizations that developed that paralleled the development in Southeast Asia?
East and West Africa, Japan, Russia, and Western Europe in what was an Afro-Eurasian phenomenon.
When Malay sailors, long active in the waters around Southeast Asia, opened an all-sea route between India and China through what around 350 C.E.?
Straits of Malacca - the many small ports along the Malay Peninsula and the coast of Sumatra began to compete intensely to attract the growing number of traders and travelers through the straits
To compete with the straits of Malacca what Malay kingdom emerged?
The Malay kingdom of Srivijaya, which dominated this critical choke point of Indian Ocean trade from 670 to 1025
Along with a plentiful supply of gold, what else did Srivijaya have access to?
the source of highly sought-after spices, such as cloves, nutmeg, and mace
What did Srivijaya have control of?
the plentiful supply of gold and sought-after spices, they taxed the passing ships, provided resources to attract supporters, to fund an embryonic bureaucracy, and to create the military and naval forces that brought some security to the area.
What did the taxes of Srivijaya provide for them?
provided resources to attract supporters, to fund an embryonic bureaucracy, and to create the military and naval forces that brought some security to the area.
What state was located in what is now Southern Vietnam and eastern Cambodia, which flourished during the first six centuries of the Common Era?
The state of Funan, which hosted merchants from both India and China, were Archeologists have found Roman coins as well as trade goods from Persia.
What were the economies of the inland states on the mainland of Southeast Asia based on?
more on domestically produced rice than on international trade nonetheless participated in the commerce of the region.
Which kingdom, which flourished from 800 to 1300, exported exotic forest products as well as receiving other things?
The Khmer kingdom of Angkor, in exporting forest products, received Chinese and Indian handicrafts as while now having a large community of Chinese merchants.
Traders from where, which is in what is now central and southern Vietnam operated in China, Java, and elsewhere.
Traders from Champa, they practiced piracy when trade dried up. Champa’s effort to control the trade between China and Southeast Aia provoked warfare with its commercial rivals.
What alphabets were used to write a number of Southeast Aian languages?
The Indian alphabets such as Sanskrit and Pallava, also Indian artistic forms provided models for Southeast Asian sculpture and architecture, while the Indian epic Ramayana became widely popular across the region.
Politically, Southeast Asian rulers and elites found attractive the Indian belief that leaders were what?
leaders were god-kings, perhaps reincarnations of a Buddha or the Hindu deity Shiva.
Srivijayan monarchs employed what?
employed Indians as advisers, clerks, or officials and assigned Sanskrit titles to their subordinates.
In what capital city which was a cosmopolitan place, was said that parrots could speak four languages.
Palembang, also they though chiefs possessed magical powers and were responsible for their prosperity “higher level of magic” for rulers as well as the prestige.
The seventh-century Chinese monk __ ____ was so impressed that he advised Buddhist monks headed for India to study first in Srivijaya for several years.
Yi Jing
What kingdom of central Java, an agriculturally rich region closely allied with Srivijaya, mounting into a massive building program between the eighth and tenth centuries featuring Hindu temples and Buddhist monuments.
Sailendra Kingdom
What was the most famous of the temples built by the Sailendra kingdom and Srivijaya?
Borobudur, which is an enormous mountain-shaped structure of ten levels, with a three-mile walkway and elaborate carvings illustrating the spiritual journey from ignorance and illusion to full enlightenment
The largest Buddhist monument anywhere in the world, Borobudur is nonetheless a ______ creation, whose carved figures have ______ features and whose scenes are clearly set in _____, not India.
Javanese (2x)
Java
Hinduism found a place in Southeast Asia, becoming well rooted in what kingdom?
Champa kingdom, for example, where Shiva was worshipped, cows were honored, and phallic imagery was prominent.
What kingdom did Hinduism really prosper the most in the twelfth century C.E.?
in the powerful kingdom of Angkor, where Hinduism found its most stunning architectural expression in the temple complex known as Angkor Wat
The largest religious structure in the premodern world, Angkor Wat sought to express a Hindu understanding of the cosmos, centered where?
on the mythical Mount Meru, the home of the gods in Hindu tradition