Chapter 16 Par 2 Flashcards
What did Britain’s lose of its North American colonies trigger?
fueled its growing interest and interventions in Asia, contributing to British colonial rule in India and the Opium Wars in China
What did Napoleon’s brief conquest of Egypt open up?
the way for a modernizing regime to emerge in that ancient land and stimulated westernizing reforms in the Ottoman Empire
During the 19th century were did the idea of a “consititution” find advocates?
in Poland, Latin America, the Spanish ruled Philippines, China, the Ottoman Empire, and British-governed India
What three movements arose to challenge continuing patterns of oppression or exclusion?
Abolitionists sought the end of slavery; nationalists hoped to foster unity and independence from foreign rule; and feminists challenged male dominance
What revolution was particularly important in prompting Britain to abolish slavery throughout its empire in 1833?
The Great Jamaica Revolt of 1831-32
What was the famous motto of the abolitionist movement?
Am I not a man and a brother.
The movement to end slavery in the 18th century found wide support among who?
middle- and working-class people in Britain
What were some of the techniques used to help abolish slavery?
pamphlets with heartrending descriptions of slavery, numerous petitions to Parliament, lawsuits, and boycotts of slave-produced sugar
What happened in 1807 and later in 1834 in Britain?
In 1807, Britain forbade the sale of slaves within its empire and in 1834 emancipated those who remained enslaved
What did British naval vessels do as it patrolled the Atlantic?
intercepted illegal slave ships, and freed their human cargoes in a small West African settlement called Freetown, in present-day Sierra Leone
Following the British, when did most Latin American countries abolish slavery?
by the 1850s
What was one of the last Latin American countries to abolish slavery in 1888?
Brazil
What persuaded the Russian tsar to free the many serfs of that huge country in 1861?
fear of rebellion, economic inefficiency, and moral concerns
After the trade had been declared illegal, where did most of the slaves now go to?
to Cuba and Brazil
What powerful king of the West African state of Asante, was puzzled as to why the British would no longer buy his slaves?
Osei Bonsu; who said “If they think it bad now, why did the think it good before?”
What was the only place in the Atlantic world where the redistribution of land followed the end of slavery?
Haiti
Large numbers of indentured servants from India and China were imported where?
into the Caribbean, Peru, South Africa, Hawaii, Malaya, and elsewhere to work in mines, on plantations, and in construction projects
Where did freedmen everywhere desperatly seek their own land?
In Jamaica
In southern United States, a brief period of “radical reconstruction,” followed in which newly free blacks did where subject to what?
to harsh segregation laws, denial of voting rights, a wave of lynching, and a virulent racism
What did the Atlantic revolutions also give new prominence to?
the nation
By the end of the 20th century, what idea was so widespread as to seem natural and timeless?
the idea that humankind was divided into separate nations, each with a distinct culture and territory and deserving an independent political life
What did the printing and the publishing industry standardize?
a variety of dialects into a smaller number of European languages, a process that allowed a growing reading public to think of themselves as members of a common linguistic group or nation
What did nationalism inspire?
the political unification of both Germany and Italy
What did nationalism also inspire?
encouraged Greeks and Serbs to assert their independence from the Ottoman Empire; Czechs and Hungarians to demand more autonomy within the Austrian Empire; Poles and Ukrainians to become more aware of their oppression within the Russian Empire; and the Irish to seek “home rule” and separation from Great Britain
By the end of the 19th century, what emerged seeking a homeland in Palestine, emerging from Europe’s frequently persecuted Jews?
a small Zionist movement
Popular nationalism made what normal among European states?
rivalry, and the immensity of the suffering and sacrifice that it generated in Europe was vividly disclosed during the horrors of World War I
Nationalism fueled rivalries in European derived states in the Americas for example…
the Mexican-United States War of 1846-48 and the devastating conflict between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay between 1863 and 1870
Who were some supporters of liberal democracy and representative government who saw nationalism, with its emphasis on “the people,” as an aid to their aspirations toward wider involvement in political life?
United States and France
What was the view that identified that nation with a particular territory and maintained that people of various cultural backgrounds could assimilate into the dominant culture, as in the process of “becoming American.”
civic nationalism
What country sometimes defined the nation in racial terms, which excluded those who did not share a common ancestry?
Germany
What group established in 1885 gave expression to the idea that their enormously diverse country as a single nation?
the Indian National Congress
What French writer called for “the complete destruction of those prejudices that have established an inequality of rights between the sexes.”
Condorcet
What writer pened her famous Vindication of the Rights of Woman, one of the earliest expressions of a feminist consciousness? Saying, “Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him of the gift of reason.”
Mary Wollstonecraft
What things did women increasingly take part in?
in temperance movements, charities, abolitionism, and missionary work
Where did the first organized expression of this new feminism take place?
at the Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848
At the Women’s Rights Convention, who drafted a statement that began by paraphrasing the Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal.”
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Who published a Women’s Bible, excising the parts she found offensive?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
By 1914, some 100,000 women took part in French feminist organizations, while what claimed 2 million members?
National American Woman Suffrage Association
What women’s groups organized a campaign of violence that included blowing up railroad stations , slashing works of art, and smashing department store windows?
British Women’s Social and Political Union
What women British activist threw herself in front of the king’s horse during a race in Britain in 1913 and was trampled to death?
Emily Davison
In Britain, who professionalized nursing and attracted thousands of women into it?
Florence Nightingale
What person in the United States virtually invented “social work,” which also became a female-dominated profession?
Jane Addams
In 1893, which country became the first to give the rights for all adult women to vote?
New Zealand
In what book by Henrik Ibsen, the heroine, Nora, found herself in a loveless and oppressive marriage, leaves both her husband and her children?
A Doll’s House
Who was the founder of the first feminist organization in Egypt who returned to Cairo in 1923 from an international conference in Italy and threw her veil into the sea?
Huda Sharawi
