Chapter 22 Part 2

Question 1

Who was Africa’s first modern nationalist hero who paraphrased a biblical quotation when he urged his followers, “Seek ye first the political kingdom and all these other things will be added unto you.”

Answer 1

Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana

Question 2

What places formed together the bloc of nations known variously as the third world, the developing countries, or the Global South?

Answer 2

China, Thailand, Ethiopia, Iran, Turkey, and Central and South America

Question 3

Between 1950 and 2000, the populations of Asia and Africa alone grew from 64 percent of the world’s total to what percentage?

Answer 3

70 percent, with an estimated to increase to 79 percent by 2050

Question 4

As colonial rule drew to a close, European authorities in many places attempted to establish what?

Answer 4

legislatures, permitted elections, allowed political parties to operate, and the development of constitutional, parliamentary, multiparty democracies

Question 5

Communist Party’s took control where?

Answer 5

China, Vietnam, and Cuba

Question 6

Multiparty democracies took control where?

Answer 6

India and South Africa

Question 7

One-party democracy took place where?

Answer 7

Mexico, Tanzania, and Senegal

Question 8

Military regimes took control for a time where?

Answer 8

much of Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East

Question 9

Personal dictatorships took control where?

Answer 9

Uganda and the Philippines

Question 10

In many places, one kind of political system followed another in what kind of succession?

Answer 10

kaleidoscopic = having complex mix

Question 11

Where did a Western-style democracy, including regular elections, multiple parties, civil liberties, and peaceful changes in government take its deepest roots?

Answer 11

India

Question 12

When an army took power where in 1966, no one lifted a finger to defend the party that had led the country to independence only nine years earlier?

Answer 12

Ghana

Question 13

An ethnically based civil war where during the late 1960s cost the lives of millions, while in the mid-1990s ethnic hatred led Rwanda into the realm of genocide?

Answer 13

Nigeria

Question 14

Military interventions swept over what Latin American countries during the 1960s and 1970s, leaving them governed at times by their armed forces?

Answer 14

Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, and other countries

Question 15

Who said, “Poor Mexico, so far from God and so close to the United States?”

Answer 15

Porfirio Diaz that country’s dictator before the Mexican Revolution

Question 16

Influence of ideas deriving from what, pushed Latin American politics away from the elitist orientation toward concerns with economic development, social reform, mass participation, nationalism, and anti-imperialism?

Answer 16

European socialism, the American New Deal, the Mexican Revolution and Christian “liberation theology”

Question 17

During the 1930s what movement in Peru blended ideas of Latin American uniqueness, democratic socialism, integration of indigenous people, and anti-imperialism into a political outlook that had appeal in many parts of the continent?

Answer 17

Aprista movement

Question 18

What program of Juan Peron in Argentina between 1945 and 1955 enacted a large body of social and labor legislation, aimed largely at the mass of long-ignored and marginalized urban workers?

Answer 18

social justice

Question 19

A program similar to Argentina took place in Brazil under the leadership of whom?

Answer 19

Getulio Vargas

Question 20

The 1960s and later years witnessed guerrilla warfare where?

Answer 20

Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia

Question 21

The 1960s and later years witnessed short-lived left-wing governments where?

Answer 21

Guatemala, Brazil and Nicaragua

Question 22

Chile in 1970, narrowly elected to the presidency a Marxist politician known as what, who soon launched an ambitious program to achieve a peaceful transition to socialism?

Answer 22

Salvador Allende

Question 23

In September 1973, Salvador Allende was overthrown and was followed by an extraordinarily repressive military regime headed by whom, which lasted until the restoration of democracy in 1988?

Answer 23

General Augusto Pinochet

Question 24

What Arab countries in 2011 had proclaimed their commitment to democracy, human dignity, and honest government?

Answer 24

Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Bahrain, Yemen

Question 25

What elected leaders in Venezuela and Russia, turned authoritarian once in office?

Answer 25

Hugo Chavez and Vladimir Putin

Question 26

In communist Cuba, what did they do that was equivalent to that of the United States?

Answer 26

wiped out illiteracy and provided basic health care to its entire population, raising life expectancy to seventy-six years by 1992

Question 27

Western pressures, exercised through international organizations such as what, pushed developing countries in a capitalist direction?

Answer 27

World Bank

Question 28

What approached intended to reduce their dependence on the uncertain global marketplace by processing their own raw materials and manufacturing their own consumer goods behind high tariff barriers if necessary?

Answer 28

import substitution industrialization

Question 29

By 2008, What country ranked as the eighth-largest economy in the world?

Answer 29

Brazil

Question 30

Between 1968 and 1974, Brazil experienced rapid industrial growth dubbed what?

Answer 30

Brazilian Miracle

Question 31

What countries chose to focus on specialization in particular products for an export market, rather an focusing on industrial production for domestic consumption?

Answer 31

South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore

Question 32

What countries were dubbed “newly industrialized countries?”

Answer 32

South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore

Question 33

What country poasted the most rapid economic growth in the world by the end of the 20th century, replacing Japan as the world’s second-largest economy?

Answer 33

China

Question 34

IN most of Africa, much of the Arab World, and parts of Asia - regions represented about _______-__________ of the world’s population.

Answer 34

one-third

Question 35

African countries began to experience encouraging economic growth leaving some observers to begin speaking about what?

Answer 35

Africa rising

Question 36

Developing countries were exposed to what changes in the culture of the West?

Answer 36

feminism, rock and rap, sexual permissiveness, consumerism, and democracy

Question 37

In the aftermath of World War I, modern Turkey emerged from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire, led by whan energetic general who fought off British, French, Italian, and Greek efforts to dismember the old empire?

Answer 37

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Question 38

What did Ataturk seek to transform in his country?

Answer 38

transform it into a modern, secular, and national state

Question 39

Secular law codes in Ataturk’s new old empire, modeled on those of Europe replaced what?

Answer 39

the sharia

Question 40

Under the what person’s government did Iran undertake what many saw as a quite successful and largely secular modernization effort?

Answer 40

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Question 41

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s ________ _________________, intended to promote the country’s modernization, had redistributed land to many of Iran’s impoverished peasants, granted women the right to vote, invested substantially in rural health care and education, initiated a number of industrial projects, and offered workers a share in the profits of those industries.

Answer 41

White Revolution

Question 42

What emerging leader who was a high-ranking Shia cleric, thought that a repressive and often-brutal government allowed little outlet for such grievances, thus opposed the shah’s regime?

Answer 42

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Question 43

What did the new government in Ataturk’s Turkey define itself as, which had an elected parliament and a constitution, but in practice conservative Islamic clerics, headed by Khomeini, exercised dominant power?

Answer 43

Islamic republic

Question 44

What composed of leading legal scholars, was empowered to interpret the constitution, to supervise elections, and to review legislation - all designed to ensure compatibility with a particular vision of Islam?

Answer 44

Council of Guardians

Question 45

By 1983, all women were required in Turkey to wear the modest head-to-toe covering known as what, a regulation enforced by roving groups of militants, or “revolutionary guards.”

Answer 45

hijab

Question 46

Where did Khomeini appeal to Shia minorities and other disaffected people, and Iran became a model to which many Islamic radicals looked at?

Answer 46

Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, etc.

Question 47

An eight-year war with Saddam Hussein’s highly secularized Iraq was one of the the outcomes and generated enormous casualties, that conflict reflected the differences between what?

Answer 47

Arabs and Persians, between Sunni and shia versions of Islam, and between a secular Iraqi regime and Khomeini’s revolutionary Islamic government