Chapter 11 Flashcards
In late 2012, the Central Asian nation of Mongolia celebrated what?
“Day of Mongolian Pride,” which marked the birth of the country’s epic hero Chinggis Khan
Whose birth did a “Day of Mongolian Pride,” mark?
The birth of the country’s epic hero Chinggis Khan 850 years earlier
What did officials lay at a giant monument of the warrior leader Chinggis Khan?
Officials laid wreaths; wrestlers and archers tested their skills in competition; dancers performed; over 100 scholars made presentations; traditional costumes abounded
In central London, what was unveiled for the occasion?
A large bronze statue of Mongolia’s founder
How is Chinggis Khan celebrated as by the Mongolian peoples?
A unifier, the creator of an empire tolerant of various faiths, and a promoter of economic and cultural ties among distant peoples
Who regarded Chinggis Khan in a very negative way after 2012
Soviet-backed communist government shifted the thinking of Mongolian peoples
As communism faded in both Russia and Mongolia at the end of the 12th century, who’s memory made a remarkable comeback in the land of his birth?
Chinggis Khan
What objects bore the name and image of Chinggis Khan?
Vodka, cigarettes, a chocolate bar, two brands of beer, the country’s best rock band, and the central square in the capital city bore his name
Mongolia’s stamps and money had his image
How many birthdays celebrations had Chinggis Khan had in 2012?
850
The “________” beginning around 11,500 years ago, involved both plants and animals.
“revolution of domestication”
What alternative kind of food-producing economy emerged around 4000 B.C.E., focused on what?
The raising of livestock
People practicing the raising of livestock learned to use what from their animals?
Milk, blood, wool, hides, and meat of their animals
What animals enabled the construction of pastoral or herding societies?
Horses, camels, goats, sheep, cattle, yaks, and reindeer
Where did pastoral societies take shape?
The vast grasslands of inner Eurasia and sub-Saharan Africa, in the Arabian and Saharan deserts, in the subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and in the high plateau of Tibet
What animals allowed for some pastoralism in the Andes?
Llamas and alpacas
What did pastoral peoples generally live in?
In small and widely scattered encampments or seasonal settlements made up of related kinfolk
What groups did pastoral peoples organize themselves into?
Into kinship-based groups or clans that claimed a common ancestry, usually through the male line
What differences emerged within pastoral societies clans?
Ranked as noble or commoner, and differences between wealthy aristocrats owning large flocks of animals and poor herders
What did pastoral people generally offer women?`
A higher status, fewer restrictions, and a greater role in public life than their agricultural counterparts
What roles did women have in pastoral societies?`
Involved in productive labor, domestic responsibility for food and children, and the care of small animals such as sheep and goats
Where did the remarriage of widows carry none of the negative connotations that it did among the Chinese, and women could initiate divorce?
Among the Mongols
What were Mongol women frequently serving as?`
As political advisers and were active in military affairs as well
What thirteenth-century European visitor, who was a Franciscan friar, recorded his impressions of Mongol women?
Giovanni DiPlano Carping - saying that girls and women ride and gallop as skillfully as men, seeing them also carrying quivers and bows, also making clothes, shoes, leggings, and everything of leather, they wear trousers and shoot just like men
Ancient Greek writers thought that the pastoralists with whom they were familiar were “_____ _____”
“women governed”
