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EMT > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

…: birth to 1 month

…: 1 month to 1 year, develop at a startling rate

A

neonates; infants

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2
Q

(neonates and infants) vital signs:
the younger the person, the .. the pulse rate and respirations
blood pressure directly corresponds to the patient’s … and typically … with age

A

faster; weight; increases

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3
Q

(neonates and infants) at birth, a pulse rate of … to .. beats/min and a respiratory rate of .. to .. breaths/min are normal

A

90; 180; 30; 60

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4
Q

(neonates and infants)
Shortly after birth, the pulse often drops to …to …beats/min and the respiratory rate drops to between …to … breaths/min.
By 1 year, the respiratory rate slows to … to … breaths/min.

A

100; 160 ; 25; 50; 20; 30

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5
Q

(neonates and infants) a neonate usually weights … to … lb (3 to 3.5 kg) at birth
growth of about .. g per day, doubling their weight by 4 to 6 months and tripling it by the end of the first year
head accounts for …% of its body weight

A

6; 8; 30; 25

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6
Q

(neonates and infants) cardiovascular system: at birth, neonate makes transition from fetal to independent …

A

circulation

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7
Q

(neonates and infants) pulmonary system: infants younger than 6 months are prone to …
infants have large tongues and shorter, narrower airways, so … is more common
the rib cage is less … and the ribs sit horizontally

A

nasal congestion; airway obstruction; rigid

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8
Q

(neonates and infants) when performing bag-mask ventilation, remember than an infant’s lungs are

A

fragile

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9
Q

(neonates and infants) the nervous system continues to evolve after … birth.
a neonate is born with certain reflexes: ‘
… reflex
… grasp
… reflex
… reflex

A

moro; palmar; rooting; sucking

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10
Q

(neonates and infants) …: when a neonate is startled, it opens its arms wide, spreads its fingers, and seems to grab at things

A

moro reflex

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11
Q

(neonates and infants) …: occurs when an object is placed into the neonate’s palm

A

palmar grasp

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12
Q

(neonates and infants) …: when something touches a neonate’s cheek, it will instinctively turn its head toward the touch

A

rooting reflex

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13
Q

(neonates and infants) …: occurs when a neonate’s lips are stroked

A

sucking reflex

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14
Q

(neonates and infants) …: spaces between the bones that eventuallyf use to form the skull

A

fontanelles

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15
Q

(neonates and infants) the posterior fontanelle fuses by … months
the anterior fontanelle fuses between … and … months

A

3; 9; 18

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16
Q

(neonates and infants) infant’s immune system maintains some fo the …
infants can also receive … via breastfeeding

A

mother’s immunities; antibodies

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17
Q

(neonates and infants) psychosocial changes begin at birth and evolve as the infant interacts with and reacts to the environment
2 months: recognizes familiar .. and tracks objects with eyes
3 months: brings objects to …; smiles/frowns
4 months: .. out to people; drools
5 months: sleeps …; recognizes .. from strangers
6: .. begins, sits …, speaks one syllable words
7: afraid of …, mood swings
8: responds to …, can sit alone, plays peek-a-boo
9 months: pulls up to .., places objects in mouth to explore
10: responds tohis/her …, …
11: starts to .. without help; frustrated with restrictions
12: knows his/her .., walks

A

faces; mouth; reaches; through night; family members; teething; upright; strangers; no; stand; name; crawls; walk; name

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18
Q

(neonates and infants) psychosocial changes:
… is the main method of communicating
… is based on a secure attachment

A

crying bonding

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19
Q

(neonates and infants) psychosocial changes cont
… is common in older infnats
… and … involves needs being met

A

separation anxiety; trust; mistrust

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20
Q

(neonates and infants) … attachment is found in infants who are repeatedly rejected:
children show little emotional response to their parents/caregivers and treat them as they would strangers

A

anxious-avoidant

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21
Q

(toddlers and preschoolers)
toddlers (.. to … yrs)
pulse: … to .. beats/min
respiratory rate: … to … breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: … to … mm Hg

A

1; 3; 90; 150; 20; 30; 80; 100

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22
Q

(toddlers and preschoolers)
preschoolers (… to … yrs)
pulse: … to … beats/min
respiratory rate: … to … breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: … to … mm Hg

A

3; 6; 80; 140; 20; 25; 80; 100

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23
Q

(toddlers and preschoolers) do not have well-developed …, so they are unable to sustain deep/rapid respirations for an extended period of time
… is lost
… growth makes considerable progress

A

lung musculature; passive immunity; neuromuscular;

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24
Q

(toddlers and preschoolers) average age for completion of toilet training is … months of age

A

28

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25
Q

(toddlers and preschoolers) psychosocial changes:
learn to … and … themselves
at 36 months of age, … is mastered
… and play … with other children
by 18 to 24 months, … and … begin to become understood
children learn to recognize … by observing role models

A

speak; express; basic language; interact; games; cause; effect; gender differences

26
Q

(school age children) … to … years. vital signs approach those of adulthood:
pulse: .. to … beats/min
respiration rate: … to .. breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: …to … mm Hg

A

6; 12; 70; 120; 15; 20; 80; 110

27
Q

(school age children) obvious .. traits and body … changes become apparent –> growth of … lb and … inches each year

A

physical; function; 4; 2.5

28
Q

(school age children) … comes in, brain activity increases in …

A

permanent teeth; both hemispheres

29
Q

(school age children) psychosocial changes:
children learn various types of reasoning–>
…. reasoning: act to avoid punishment and get what they want
… reasoning: look for approval from peers and society
… reasoning: make decisions guided by their conscience
self-… and self-… develop

A

preconventional; conventional; postconventional; self-concept; self-esteem

30
Q

(adolescents-teenagers) … to … years
vital signs … within the adult ranges
pulse: … to … beats/min
respirations: … to … breaths/min
systolic blood pressure: … to … mm Hg

A

12; 18; level off; 60; 100; 12; 20; 90; 110

31
Q

(adolescents-teenagers) … to …-year growth spurt: girls finish by … years, boys by … years

A

2; 3; 16; 18;

32
Q

(adolescents-teenagers) … system matures:
… sexual development takes place—> … hair and … hair begin to appear
… start to change
… begins

A

reproductive; secondary; pubic; axillary; voices; menstruation

33
Q

(adolescents-teenagers) psychosocial changes: adolescents and their families often deal with conflict–> … becomes an issue and … increases
adolescents may struggle to create their own ….
they often want to be treated like adults, yet cared for like younger children

A

privacy; self-consciousness; identity;

34
Q

(adolescents-teenagers) psychosocial changes (contd): … behavior and … peak at age .. to .. years: smoking, illicit drug use, unprotected sex are problems that may arise
… can arise in adolescents from an attempt to gain … through what they eat

A

antisocial; peer pressure; 14; 16; eating disorders; self-control

35
Q

(adolescents-teenagers) psychosocial changes contd:
a code of … develops, based partly on parents’ ethics and values and partly on the influence of the adolescent’s enviro
adolescents have a high risk for … and …

A

personal ethics; suicide; depression

36
Q

(early adults) ages … to … years
vital signs do not vary greatly:
pulse will avg around … beats/min and range between … and … beats/min
respiratory rate will stay in the range of … to … breaths/min
systolic blood pressure will be between … and … mm Hg

A

70; 60; 100; 12; 20; 90; 140

37
Q

(early adults) from 19 to 25 yrs, the body should be functioning at its .. level:
lifelong … are solidified
the body is working at …, but as early adulthood continues, subtle … begins

A

habits; peak efficiency; erosion

38
Q

(early adults) psychosocial changes: life centers on …, … and …
adults strive to create a place for themselves in the world, and many strive to … –> love and marriage and family
despite all of this stress and change, this is one of the more … periods of life

A

work; family; stress; settle down; stable

39
Q

(middle adults) ages … to … years; vital signs remain the same
vulnerable to … and … loss
… incidence increases

A

41; 60; vision; hearing; cancer

40
Q

(middle adults) … health becomes an issue

menopause occurs in late … or early …

A

cardiovascular; 40s; 50s

41
Q

(middle adults) …, …, and … problems are common

.. and healthy … can diminish effects of aging

A

diabetes; hypertension; weight; exercise; diet

42
Q

(middle adults) psychosocial changes:
focus on achieving …
readjust lifestyle as children …
generally have the …, …, and … reserves to handle life’s issues
may be caring for children leaving for … along with …

A

life goals; leave home; physical; emotional; spiritual; college; aging parents

43
Q

(older adults) … yrs or older

life expectancy constantly changing: now about … yrs

A

61; 78

44
Q 
(older adults) vital signs depend on: 
overall .. 
... conditions
... taken 
older adults are often able to overcome numerous .. problems by may need multiple ...
A

health; medical; medications; medical; medications

45
Q

(older adults) cardiovascular system:
declines with age largely due to …
… and … decrease –> cardiac output can no longer meet the demands of the body

A

atherosclerosis; heart rate; cardiac output

46
Q

(older adults) cardiovasc system contd:
… system becomes stiff –> heart must work harder to move the blood effectively
the ability to produce replacement …, as does the …

A

vascular; blood cells; blood volume

47
Q

(older adults) respiratory system:
size of the airway … and the surface area of alveoli …
natural elasticity of the lungs …–> breathing becomes more ..

A

increases; decrease; decreases; labor intensive

48
Q

(older adults) respiratory system:
… and … become more likely
… decreases
… increases–> a lifetime of breathing, esp breathing air with high levels of pollution, causes the accumulation of pollutants in the lungs

A

aspiration; obstruction; vital capacity; residual volume

49
Q

(older adults) by age 75 yrs, the vital capacity may amount to only …% of the vital capacity of a young adult. factors include:
loss of respiratory …
increased stiffness of the ..
decreased surface area available for exchange of air

A

50; muscle mass; thoracic cage;

50
Q

(older adults) endocrine system:
… production drops off
… decreases
physical activity slows, but often there is no decrease in …
hormone production for both sexes gradually …
sexual desire may …, but does not cease

A

insulin; metabolism; food intake; decreases; diminish

51
Q

(older adults) digestive system:
.. sensations decrease: changes in gastric and intestinal function may inhibit nutritional intake and utilization in older adults
.. secretion decreases and reduces the body’s ability to process complex carbs
ability of intestines to contract and move food …

A

taste; saliva; diminishes

52
Q

(older adults) .. become increasingly common

A

gallstones

53
Q

(older adults) renal system:
… function declines by 50% from age 20 to 90 years
… mass decreases 20% over the same span
there is a decreased ability to clear … from the body
there is a decreased ability to … when needed

A

filtration; kidney; wastes; conserve fluids

54
Q

(older adults) nervous system:
In the CNS, the brain weight may shrink 10 to 20% by age 80–> … and … neural networks slow down
neurons are .., but this doesn’t mean there is a loss of knowledge/skill
… patterns change
… diminishes
brain .. decreases

A

motor; sensory; lost; sleep; peripheral nerve sensation; brain mass

55
Q

(older adults) bc peripheral nerve sensation is diminished: increased .. causes longer delays between stimulation and motion
the resulting slowdown in reflexes and decreased kinesthetic sense may contribute tot he incidence of … and …

A

reaction time; falls; trauma

56
Q

(older adults) age related shrinkage creates a void between the brain and the outermost layer of the …, which provides room for the brain to .. when stressed

A

meninges; move

57
Q

(older adults) sensory changes:
most older adults can … and .. well, may need … or … aids
visual … are common
hearing loss is … times more common than vision loss

A

see; hear; glasses; hearing; distortions; four

58
Q

(older adults) psychosocial changes:

most people retain high brain function until about … years before death: theory referred to as the … hypothesis

A

5; terminal drop

59
Q

(older adults) psychosocial changes cont:
statistics indicate that 95% of the elderly live at …: increasing number of elderly in the US as a result of the baby boom of the 1940s and 1960s has produced a need for additional … factilities

A

home; assisted living

60
Q

(older adults) psychosocial changes contd.
financial limitations may restrict access to … or …
one of the important issues that the elderly need to face is their own mortality–> … and … can be challenges

A

health care; medications; isolation; depression

EMT (45 decks)

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