Chapter 21 Flashcards
toxicology is study of toxic/poisonous substances
…: any substance whose chemical action can damage body structures/impair body function
..: a poisonous substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plants
… is the misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect
…: a toxic dose of a drug
poison
toxin
substance abuse
overdose
try to determine the .. of the poison–> look around immediate area for clues; take any suspicious materials; med containers at scene can provide critical info; examine vomit for ..
nature; pill fragments
four routes for poisons to enter body: … … … …
inhalation
absorption
ingestion
injection
inhaled poisons:
move patient into .. immediately
patient may require ..
if you suspect presence of toxic gas, call HazMat
all patients who’ve inhaled poison require immediate transport
fresh air; supplemental ox
inhaled poisons cont:
some patients use these to … in a vehicle–> exhaust fumes contain high levels of …
… or … in a tightly sealed vehicle create a type of gas chamber; when you open the door, you may be overcome as well–> contact haz mat responders and have them remove victim
commit suicide; CO; chemicals; detergent
(absorbed and surface contact poisons) can affect patient in many ways:
…, … or … damage
… burns
…
… effects
distinguish btwn contact burns and contact absorption
skin; mucous membrane; eye;
chemical
rashes
systemic
(absorbed and surface contact poisons) signs and symptoms: a history of ... … or … on a patient's skin .. .. .. … of skin … of the substance
exposure liquid; powder burns itching irritation redness odors
(absorbed and surface contact poisons) emergency treatment: avoid contaminating yourself/others
remove the substance and remove all …
flush and wash skin: if dry powder has spilled, brush off and flood with water for … mins then wash with … and …
if liquid has spilled, flood for … mins
contaminated clothes; 15-20; soap; water; 15-20
(absorbed and surface contact poisons) if a chemical agent has been introduced to eyes, .. them quickly and thoroughly
irrigate
(absorbed and surface contact poisons) in industrial setting:
… and specific protocols may be available
hazmat to assist
obtain .. data sheets
safety showers; material safety
(ingested poisons) about 80% of poisonings by moith
tends to be … in children and … in adults
signs and symptoms vary with:
.. of poison
… of patient
… that has passed since ingestion
accidental; deliberate; type; age; time
(ingested poisons) signs and symptoms may include … around mouth, … pain, …, cardiac, … or …
treat signs and symptoms and notify the poison center and med control
consider if there is unabsorbed poison in GI tract and whether you can safely …
burns; GI; vomiting; dysrhythmias; seizures; prevent absorption
(ingested poisons) some EMS systems allow EMTs to administer
activated charcoal
(injected poisons) exposure by injection includes … drug abuse and … by insects, arachnids, and reptiles
usually absorbed quickly into the body–> cannot be .. or removed from the body in the field
intravenous; envenomation; diluted
signs and symptoms for injeccted poisons: … … … … … ...
weakness dizziness fever chills unresponsiveness excitability
(injected poisons) remove rings, watches, and bracelets from areas round injection site if … occurs
monitor airway, provide …, be alert for nausea/vomiting, and transport promptly
swelling occurs; high flow ox
history taking--ask these qs: … is the substance involved? … wsa the patient exposed? what was the … of exposure? has the patient/bystander performed any ..? how much does the patient ..?
what; when; level; intervention; weigh
secondary assess–> physical exams:
focus on the area of the body involved with the .. or the … of exposure
look for alterations in LOC, pulse, respirations, BP, and skin
poisoning; route
dilute airborne exposures with …
remove contact exposures with copious amounts of .. unless contraindicated
consider … for ingested poisons
oxygen; water; activated charcoal
if the poisoning/exposure occurred in work setting, bring, or have the company fax, the … to the hospital
material data sheet
emergency med care:
remove … or … from the patient’s mouth
wash/brush poison from patient’s skin
tablets; fragments
Emergency med care:
activated charcoal binds to … which are then carried out of the body
not indicated for patients who have:
ingested … poisons, .., …, …, …, …, … acids, or … solvents
who have a decreased LOC and can’t protect their airway
specific toxins; alkali; cyanide; ethanol; iron; lithium; methanol; mineral; organic
activated charcoal:
you will carry as a premixed …, with the bottle containing up to … g of activated charcoal
usual dose is .. of body weight
obtain med control approval, shake bottle vigorously, and record time it was administered
suspension; 50; 1 g per kg
side effects of charcoal are … and … stools; if the patient has ingested a poison that causes nausea, he or she may … after taking charcoal and the dose will have to be repeated
constipation; black; vomit
over time, a person may need increasing amounts of a substance to achieve the same result –> developing a …
known drug abusers have a fairly high incidence of serious and undiagnosed infections, including … and …
tolerance; HIV; hepatitis
alcohol can damage the …, whether thorough chronic overuse or occasional heavy use
… use can be more damaging than … use, depending on frequency and context
liver; binge; chronic
alcohol is a powerful …
CNS depressant
alcohol:
decreases …a nd …
induces …
dulls the sense of .., slows .., and reduces …
may cause … and …behavior and lack of …
increases the effects of other drugs
activity; excitement
sleep
awareness; reflexes; rxn time
aggressive; inappropriate; coordination