Chapter 24

Question 1

… occurs when the body’s tissues are exposed to energy levels beyond their tolerance

Answer 1

traumatic injury

Question 2

three concepts of energy:
… energy
… energy
energy of …

Answer 2

potential
kinetic
work

Question 3

… is force acting over a distance

forces that bend, pull, or compress tissues beyond their inherent limits result in …

Answer 3

work; injury

Question 4

… is the energy of a moving object
KE = …
… is the product of mass, force of gravity, and height. Mostly associated with the energy of …

Answer 4

kinetic energy; 1/2m * v^2; potential energy; falling objects

Question 5

different MOIs produce many types of injuries. 
nonsignificant injuries: 
injury to an … 
fall … 
significant injuries: 
injury to … 
falls from … 
…

Answer 5

isolated body part; without the loss of consciousness; more than one body system; heights; vehicle crashes

Question 6

… trauma is the result of force to the body that causes injury without penetrating the soft tissues
… trauma causes injury by objects that primarily pierce and penetrate the surface of the body

Answer 6

blunt; penetrating

Question 7

(blunt trauma) results from an object … with the body
… and .. are the most common MOIs
be alert to … and …
maintain a high index of suspicion for …

Answer 7

making contact
motor vehicle crashes; falls;
skin discoloration; pain
hidden injuries

Question 8

a crash consists of … collisions

car against …, …, or … –> by assessing the vehicle, you can often determine the MOI

Answer 8

three; car; tree; object

Question 9

passenger against the vehicle’s interior: common passenger injuries include … fractures, …, and … trauma

Answer 9

lower extremity; flail chest; head

Question 10

passenger’s internal organs against … structures of the body: internal injuries may not be as obvious as external injuries, but are often the most …

Answer 10

solid; life threatening

Question 11

(frontal crashes) evaluate supplemental restraint system–> determine whether the passenger was … and whether the air bags …
seatbelts and air bags are effective in preventing a … inside the motor vehicle
despite air bags, suspect injuries to extremities and internal organs

Answer 11

restrained; deployed; second collision

Question 12

nondeployed airbags may deploy during … supplemental restraint systems can cause harm whether used properly or improperly

Answer 12

extrication

Question 13

rear-end crashes: known to cause … injuries–> as the body is propelled forward, the … and … are left behind
…-type injury to the brain is possible

Answer 13

whiplash-type; head; neck; acceleration

Question 14

lateral crashes:
side impact–> vehicle is usually struck above its … and rocks away from the side of impact
results in the passenger sustaining a … injury

Answer 14

center of gravity; literal whiplash

Question 15

lateral crashes cont.:
if substantial intrusion into the passenger compartment, suspect: lateral .. and … injuries on the side of the impact. possible fractures of the …, …, and …
… from the third collision

Answer 15

chest; abdomen; lower extremities; pelvis; ribs; organ damage

Question 16

rollover crashes: large trucks and SUVs are prone; injuries depend on whether the passenger was …, … or … is most common life-threatening event

Answer 16

restrained; ejection; partial ejection

Question 17

rotational crashes: …are conceptually similar to rollovers; opportunities for the vehicle to strike objects

Answer 17

spins

Question 18

car vs. pedestrian
injuries are often graphic and apparent–> can also be serious unseen injuries
you should determine the vehicle’s … and whether the patient was ….
evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for … damage

Answer 18

speed; thrown through the air; structural

Question 19

car versus bicycle
evaluate like a … collision–> evaluate .. to and … of the bicycle. inspect … for damage. … must be initiated and maintained

Answer 19

car vs. pedestrian; damage; position; helmet; spinal stabilization

Question 20

car vs. motorcycle
protection is from: ..., ... or ...-resistant clothing and boots
when assessing the scene, look for: 
... of the motorcycle
side of most ... 
distance of ... in the road
extent and location of ... in the helmet

Answer 20

helmet; leather; abrasion
deformity
damage
skid
deformity

Question 21

… crash: motorcycle strikes another object and stops its forward motion while the rider continues forward motion
… crash: motorcycle strikes an object at an angle so that the rider sustains direct crushing injuries to the lower extremity

Answer 21

head-on; angular

Question 22

…: rider will travel at high speed until stopped by a stationary object, another vehicle, or road drag. Severe abrasions can occur
… crash: technique used to separate the rider from the body of the motorcycle

Answer 22

ejection; controlled crash

Question 23

injury potential depends on the … from which the patient fell–> more than .. ft (6 m) is considered significant
… injuries pose the greatest threat

Answer 23

height; 20; internal

Question 24

patients who land on their feet may have less-severe internal injuries. their … may absorb much of the energy of the fall

Answer 24

legs

Question 25

falls: take the following factors into account–> .. of the fall, type of .. struck, part of the body that hit first, followed by the path of …

Answer 25

height; surface; energy displacement

Question 26

penetrating trauma: may be caused accidentally by … may be caused intentionally by a …

Answer 26

impalement; weapon

Question 27

(penetrating trauma) with low-energy penetrations, injuries are caused by the … of the object moving through the body. knives may have been deliberately moved around internally, causing more damage

Answer 27

sharp edges

Question 28

(penetrating trauma) path of the projectile may not be easy to predict: bullet may … within the body before exiting. path the projectile takes is its …; … will increase damage

Answer 28

ricochet; trajectory; fragmentation

Question 29

(penetrating trauma) … can result in serious injury to internal organs

Answer 29

cavitation

Question 30

(penetrating trauma) relationship between distance and severity of injury varies depending on the … involved –> … slows the projectile. area damaged by projectiles is typically larger than the … of the projectile. energy available for a bullet to cause damage is more a function of its … than its …

Answer 30

type of weapon; drag; diameter; speed; mass

Question 31

(blast injuries) primary: due entirely to the …

secondary: damage from being struck by ..
tertiary: victim is … by the force of the explosion

Answer 31

blast; flying debris; hurled

Question 32

(blast injuries) quarternary (misc) blast injuries: … from hot gases or fires started by the blast. … injury from inhaling toxic gases. .. injury from the collapse of buildings
most patients will have some combination of the four types of injury

Answer 32

burns; respiratory; crush

Question 33

(blast injuries) organs that contain air are most susceptible to … changes: .., …, …
the … is most sensitive to blast injuries

Answer 33

pressure; middle ear; gastrointestinal tract; ear

Question 34

(blast injuries) pulmonary blast injuries result from short-range exposure to the ... 
arterial air embolisms can produce: 
disturbances in ... 
changes in ... and .. 
variety of other ... signs

Answer 34

detonation of explosives; vision; behavior; state of consciousness; neurologic

Question 35

(blast injuries) solid organs are relatively protected from … injury – may be injured by secondary missiles or a hurled body
.. injuries and … trauma are the most common causes of death. traumatic amputations are common

Answer 35

shock wave; neurologic; ;head

Question 36

multisystem trauma:
involves more than one body system: … and … trauma; … and … trauma; … and … trauma
alert med control and transport rapidly

Answer 36

head; spinal; chest; abdominal; chest; multiple extremity

Question 37

definitive care requires … intervention

Answer 37

surgical

Question 38

When a patient has experienced a significant MOI and is critical condition, rapidly perform a physical examination.
When a patient has experienced a nonsignificant MOI, focus on the ….

Answer 38

chief complaint

Question 39

injuries to the head:
… and unseen injury to the brain may occur
bleeding or swelling inside the skull is often life threatening
include frequent neurologic examinations
some patients will not have obvious signs or symtpoms

Answer 39

disability

Question 40

injuries to the neck and throat: 
.. problems may result 
look for DCAP-BTLS in the neck region 
... may prevent blood flow to the brain 
penetrating injury may result in ... 
crushing injury may cause the cartilages of the upper airway and larynx to ...

Answer 40

airway; swelling; air embolism; fracture

Question 41

injuries to the chest: 
chest contains ..., ..., and ... 
life threatening injuries may occur:
.. may hinder breathing
heart may be ... 
large vessels may be ... 
... 
...

Answer 41

heart; lungs; large blood vessels; broken; bruised; torn; pneumothorax; open chest wound

Question 42

abdomen contains vital organs that require a very high amount of blood flow
solid organs may …, …, or …
hollow organs may … and leak .. chemicals
the rupture of large blood vessels can cause serious …

Answer 42

tear; lacerate; fracture; rupture; toxic digestive; unseen bleeding

Question 43

ground EMS units are staffed by … and …

air EMS units or critical care transport units are staffed by … and …

Answer 43

EMTs; paramedics; paramedics; critical care nurses

Question 44

level 1 facility provides … of trauma care
level 2 facility provides … care
level 3 prvides …, …, …, and …
level 4 provides …

Answer 44

every aspect; initial definitive; assessment; resuscitation; emergency care; stabilization; advanced trauma life support