Chapter 24 Flashcards
… occurs when the body’s tissues are exposed to energy levels beyond their tolerance
traumatic injury
three concepts of energy:
… energy
… energy
energy of …
potential
kinetic
work
… is force acting over a distance
forces that bend, pull, or compress tissues beyond their inherent limits result in …
work; injury
… is the energy of a moving object
KE = …
… is the product of mass, force of gravity, and height. Mostly associated with the energy of …
kinetic energy; 1/2m * v^2; potential energy; falling objects
different MOIs produce many types of injuries. nonsignificant injuries: injury to an … fall … significant injuries: injury to … falls from … …
isolated body part; without the loss of consciousness; more than one body system; heights; vehicle crashes
… trauma is the result of force to the body that causes injury without penetrating the soft tissues
… trauma causes injury by objects that primarily pierce and penetrate the surface of the body
blunt; penetrating
(blunt trauma) results from an object … with the body
… and .. are the most common MOIs
be alert to … and …
maintain a high index of suspicion for …
making contact
motor vehicle crashes; falls;
skin discoloration; pain
hidden injuries
a crash consists of … collisions
car against …, …, or … –> by assessing the vehicle, you can often determine the MOI
three; car; tree; object
passenger against the vehicle’s interior: common passenger injuries include … fractures, …, and … trauma
lower extremity; flail chest; head
passenger’s internal organs against … structures of the body: internal injuries may not be as obvious as external injuries, but are often the most …
solid; life threatening
(frontal crashes) evaluate supplemental restraint system–> determine whether the passenger was … and whether the air bags …
seatbelts and air bags are effective in preventing a … inside the motor vehicle
despite air bags, suspect injuries to extremities and internal organs
restrained; deployed; second collision
nondeployed airbags may deploy during … supplemental restraint systems can cause harm whether used properly or improperly
extrication
rear-end crashes: known to cause … injuries–> as the body is propelled forward, the … and … are left behind
…-type injury to the brain is possible
whiplash-type; head; neck; acceleration
lateral crashes:
side impact–> vehicle is usually struck above its … and rocks away from the side of impact
results in the passenger sustaining a … injury
center of gravity; literal whiplash
lateral crashes cont.:
if substantial intrusion into the passenger compartment, suspect: lateral .. and … injuries on the side of the impact. possible fractures of the …, …, and …
… from the third collision
chest; abdomen; lower extremities; pelvis; ribs; organ damage
rollover crashes: large trucks and SUVs are prone; injuries depend on whether the passenger was …, … or … is most common life-threatening event
restrained; ejection; partial ejection
rotational crashes: …are conceptually similar to rollovers; opportunities for the vehicle to strike objects
spins
car vs. pedestrian
injuries are often graphic and apparent–> can also be serious unseen injuries
you should determine the vehicle’s … and whether the patient was ….
evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for … damage
speed; thrown through the air; structural
car versus bicycle
evaluate like a … collision–> evaluate .. to and … of the bicycle. inspect … for damage. … must be initiated and maintained
car vs. pedestrian; damage; position; helmet; spinal stabilization
car vs. motorcycle protection is from: ..., ... or ...-resistant clothing and boots when assessing the scene, look for: ... of the motorcycle side of most ... distance of ... in the road extent and location of ... in the helmet
helmet; leather; abrasion deformity damage skid deformity
… crash: motorcycle strikes another object and stops its forward motion while the rider continues forward motion
… crash: motorcycle strikes an object at an angle so that the rider sustains direct crushing injuries to the lower extremity
head-on; angular
…: rider will travel at high speed until stopped by a stationary object, another vehicle, or road drag. Severe abrasions can occur
… crash: technique used to separate the rider from the body of the motorcycle
ejection; controlled crash
injury potential depends on the … from which the patient fell–> more than .. ft (6 m) is considered significant
… injuries pose the greatest threat
height; 20; internal
patients who land on their feet may have less-severe internal injuries. their … may absorb much of the energy of the fall
legs
falls: take the following factors into account–> .. of the fall, type of .. struck, part of the body that hit first, followed by the path of …
height; surface; energy displacement
penetrating trauma: may be caused accidentally by … may be caused intentionally by a …
impalement; weapon
(penetrating trauma) with low-energy penetrations, injuries are caused by the … of the object moving through the body. knives may have been deliberately moved around internally, causing more damage
sharp edges
(penetrating trauma) path of the projectile may not be easy to predict: bullet may … within the body before exiting. path the projectile takes is its …; … will increase damage
ricochet; trajectory; fragmentation
(penetrating trauma) … can result in serious injury to internal organs
cavitation
(penetrating trauma) relationship between distance and severity of injury varies depending on the … involved –> … slows the projectile. area damaged by projectiles is typically larger than the … of the projectile. energy available for a bullet to cause damage is more a function of its … than its …
type of weapon; drag; diameter; speed; mass
(blast injuries) primary: due entirely to the …
secondary: damage from being struck by ..
tertiary: victim is … by the force of the explosion
blast; flying debris; hurled
(blast injuries) quarternary (misc) blast injuries: … from hot gases or fires started by the blast. … injury from inhaling toxic gases. .. injury from the collapse of buildings
most patients will have some combination of the four types of injury
burns; respiratory; crush
(blast injuries) organs that contain air are most susceptible to … changes: .., …, …
the … is most sensitive to blast injuries
pressure; middle ear; gastrointestinal tract; ear
(blast injuries) pulmonary blast injuries result from short-range exposure to the ... arterial air embolisms can produce: disturbances in ... changes in ... and .. variety of other ... signs
detonation of explosives; vision; behavior; state of consciousness; neurologic
(blast injuries) solid organs are relatively protected from … injury – may be injured by secondary missiles or a hurled body
.. injuries and … trauma are the most common causes of death. traumatic amputations are common
shock wave; neurologic; ;head
multisystem trauma:
involves more than one body system: … and … trauma; … and … trauma; … and … trauma
alert med control and transport rapidly
head; spinal; chest; abdominal; chest; multiple extremity
definitive care requires … intervention
surgical
When a patient has experienced a significant MOI and is critical condition, rapidly perform a physical examination.
When a patient has experienced a nonsignificant MOI, focus on the ….
chief complaint
injuries to the head:
… and unseen injury to the brain may occur
bleeding or swelling inside the skull is often life threatening
include frequent neurologic examinations
some patients will not have obvious signs or symtpoms
disability
injuries to the neck and throat: .. problems may result look for DCAP-BTLS in the neck region ... may prevent blood flow to the brain penetrating injury may result in ... crushing injury may cause the cartilages of the upper airway and larynx to ...
airway; swelling; air embolism; fracture
injuries to the chest: chest contains ..., ..., and ... life threatening injuries may occur: .. may hinder breathing heart may be ... large vessels may be ... ... ...
heart; lungs; large blood vessels; broken; bruised; torn; pneumothorax; open chest wound
abdomen contains vital organs that require a very high amount of blood flow
solid organs may …, …, or …
hollow organs may … and leak .. chemicals
the rupture of large blood vessels can cause serious …
tear; lacerate; fracture; rupture; toxic digestive; unseen bleeding
ground EMS units are staffed by … and …
air EMS units or critical care transport units are staffed by … and …
EMTs; paramedics; paramedics; critical care nurses
level 1 facility provides … of trauma care
level 2 facility provides … care
level 3 prvides …, …, …, and …
level 4 provides …
every aspect; initial definitive; assessment; resuscitation; emergency care; stabilization; advanced trauma life support
