Chapter 39 Flashcards

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1
Q

…(NIMS)
Promotes efficient coordination of emergency incidents at the regional, state, and national levels
Implemented in 2004
Provides a framework
Enables federal, state, and local governments to work together
As well as private-sector and nongovernmental organizations

A

National Incident Management System

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2
Q
NIMS: 
Organizational structure must be flexible enough to be rapidly adaptable.
Provides standardization in:
… 
… 
… 
…
A

terminology
resource classification
personnel training
certification

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3
Q
Major NIMS components
…
... and information management
... management
... and management
Ongoing ... and …
A
Preparedness
Communications 
Resource 
Command 
management; maintenance
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4
Q
Incident command system: 
Sometimes referred to as the incident management system
The purpose of the ICS is to:
Ensure responder and public ... 
Achieve incident management ... 
Ensure the efficient use of resources
A

safety;

goals

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5
Q

ICS:
Controls … of effort and freelancing
Limits the span of control
Organizational levels include …, …, …, and …

A

duplication; sections; branches; divisions; groups

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6
Q
ICS:
Roles and responsibilities:
… 
… 
… 
… 
… 
…
A
Command
Finance
Logistics
Operations
Planning
Command staff
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7
Q

ICS:
Command
… (IC) is in charge of the overall incident.
It is important to know who the IC is, how to communicate with the IC, and where the … is located.
An IC may transfer command to someone with more experience in a critical area.

A

Incident commander; command post

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8
Q

Finance
Responsible for documenting all … at an incident for reimbursement
…: Responsible for communications equipment, facilities, food and water, fuel, lighting, and medical equipment/supplies

A

expenditures; Logistics

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9
Q

Operations:
At a very large or complex incident, responsible for managing the …usually handled by the IC
Supervises the people working at the scene
Planning:
Solves problems as they arise
Develops an…

A

tactical operations; incident action plan

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10
Q

Command staff
The …monitors the scene for conditions or operations that may present a hazard.
The… (PIO) provides the media with clear and understandable information.
The… relays information and concerns among command, the general staff, and other agencies.

A

safety officer; public information officer; liaison officer

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11
Q

Check in with the … when you arrive.
Report to your supervisor for an initial ….
Record keeping allows for tracking of time spent on the actual incident for reimbursement purposes.
… means keeping your supervisor advised of your location, actions, and completed tasks.
Once the incident has been stabilized, the IC will determine which resources are needed and when to begin …

A

incident commander; briefing; Accountability; demobilization

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12
Q

Establishing command
Command should be established early and by the most …official.
Notification to other responders should go out.
Necessary resources should be requested.

A

senior

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13
Q

Communications
If possible, use … communications to limit radio traffic.
If you communicate via radio, do not use 10-codes or signals.
Equipment must be reliable, durable, and field-tested.
Be sure there are backups in place.

A

face-to-face;

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14
Q

… is also known as the medical (or EMS) branch of the ICS.

Primary roles of triage, treatment, and transport of injured people

A

Medical incident command

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15
Q

Triage supervisor
In charge of counting and …patients
Ensures that every patient receives … of his or her condition
Do not begin treatment until all patients are triaged.

A

prioritizing; initial assessment

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16
Q

Treatment supervisor
Locates and sets up the treatment area with a tier for each … of patient
Ensures that … is performed and that adequate patient care is given
Assists with moving patients to the transportation area

A

priority; secondary triage

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17
Q

Transportation supervisor
Coordinates the transportation and distribution of patients to appropriate…
Documents and tracks the number of transport vehicles, patients transported, and the facility destination

A

receiving hospitals

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18
Q

Staging supervisor
Should be assigned when scenes require a … or … response
Emergency vehicles must have permission to enter the scene and only drive in the directed area.
The staging area should be established away from the scene.

A

multivehicle; multiagency

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19
Q

Physicians on scene
Make difficult … decisions
Provide… decisions in the treatment area
Provide on-scene … for EMTs
Provide care in the treatment sector as appropriate

A

triage; secondary triage; medical direction

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20
Q

Rehabilitation supervisor
Establishes an area that provides protection from the elements and situation
Rehabilitation is where a responder’s needs for …, …, …, and protection from the elements are met.
Monitors responders for signs of …

A

rest; fluids; food; stress

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21
Q


Determines the type of equipment and resources needed for the situation
Usually function under the EMS branch of the ICS

A

Extrication and special rescue

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22
Q


Works with area medical examiners, coroners, disaster mortuary assistance teams, and law enforcement agencies to coordinate removal of bodies and body parts
The morgue area should be out of view of the living patients and other responders.

A

Morgue supervisor;

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23
Q

A mass-casualty incident (MCI):
Involves … or more patients
Places great demand on the EMS system
Has the potential to produce …

A

three; multiple casualties

24
Q

All systems have different protocols for when to declare an MCI and initiate the ICS.
You and your team cannot … and … all injured patients at the same time.
Never leave the scene with patients if there are still other patients who are … or …

A

treat; transport; sick; wounded

25
Q

If there are multiple patients and not enough resources to handle them without abandoning victims, you should:
Declare an ….
Request additional resources.
Initiate the … and … procedures.

A

MCI; ICS; triage

26
Q

“Triage” means “to sort” patients based on the severity of their injuries.
Assessment is brief and patient condition categories are basic.
… triage is done in the field.
Secondary triage is done as patients are brought to the …

A

Primary; treatment area.

27
Q

Four common categories give the order of treatment and transport.
… (red)
… (yellow)
… or … (green; hold)
… (black; likely to die or dead)
Tagging patients early assists in tracking them and can help keep an accurate record of their condition.
Tags should be weatherproof, easily read, and color-coded.

A

Immediate
Delayed
Minor; minimal
expectant

28
Q

START triage
Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment
First step is to call out to patients and direct them to an ….
Injured persons are the ….
Second step is directed toward nonwalking patients.
Assess the …rate, … status, and … status.

A

easily identifiable landmark
walking wounded
respiratory; hemodynamic; neurologic

29
Q

JumpSTART triage for pediatric patients
Intended for use in children younger than 8 years or who appear to weigh less than 100 lb
Begin by identifying the ….
Several differences within the respiratory status assessment compared with START
Assess the approximate … of respirations, … status, and … status.

A

walking wounded

rate; hemodynamic; neurologic

30
Q

Triage special considerations
Patients who are hysterical and disruptive to rescue efforts may need to be handled as an ….
A … who becomes sick or injured during the rescue effort should be handled as an immediate priority.
Identify patients as … or … in HazMat incidents.

A

immediate priority
responder
contaminated; decontaminated

31
Q

Destination decisions
All patients triaged as immediate (red) or delayed (yellow) should be transported by ….
In large situations, a …may transport the walking wounded.
Immediate-priority patients should be transported …at a time until all are transported from the site.

A

ground or air ambulance;
bus
two

32
Q

Destination decisions (cont’d)
Then patients in the delayed category can be transported … or … at a time.
Finally, the slightly injured are transported.
Expectant patients who are still alive would receive treatment and transport ….
Dead victims are handled or transported according to the SOP for the area.

A

two; three; last

33
Q

A … is a widespread event.
Disrupts the functions and resources of the community
Threatens lives and properties
Some may not involve personal injuries, but many (floods, fires, hurricanes) result in ….

A

disaster; widespread injuries

34
Q

Disaster management
Your role is to respond when requested and report to the IC for assigned tasks.
A … may be established in a disaster with an overwhelming number of casualties.
Coordinated through the ICS in the same way as all other branches and areas of the operation

A

casualty collection area

35
Q

Hazmat incidents:
Areas of training or experience (cont’d):
The ability to recognize the … of hazardous substances
The ability to … the hazardous substances, if possible
An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual
The ability to determine the need for additional resources and to notify the communication center

A

presence; identify;

36
Q

Hazardous materials may be involved in any of the following situations:
A truck or train crash in which a substance is …from a tank truck or tank car
A leak, fire, or other emergency at an …, …, or other complex
A leak or rupture of an …

A

leaking;
industrial plant; refinery
underground natural gas pipe

37
Q

Hazardous materials may be involved in any of the following situations (cont’d):
Deterioration of …and seepage of oil or gasoline into the ground
Buildup of methane or other by-products of waste decomposition in …
A motor vehicle crash resulting in a …

A

underground fuel tanks
sewers
ruptured gas tank

38
Q

hazmat:
Occupancy and location
A wide variety of chemicals are stored in a wide range of locations.
Senses
The senses that can be safely used are those of … and …
Using any of your senses that bring you in proximity to the chemical should be done with caution or avoided.

A container is any vessel or receptacle that holds a material.
Often the container type, size, and material of construction provide important clues about the nature of the substance inside.
Two categories: …and …

A

sight; sound; bulk; nonbulk

39
Q

Container volume
… containers are found in buildings that need to store large quantities of a particular chemical.
These containers are often surrounded by a … system.
Include large-volume horizontal tanks, totes, and intermodal tanks

A

Bulk storage; secondary containment

40
Q
...
Hold commonly used commercial and industrial chemicals
Drums
Bags
Carboys
Cylinders
A

Nonbulk storage vessels

41
Q

…, …, and other markings are used on buildings, packages, boxes, and containers.
Marking systems indicate the presence of a hazardous material from a safe distance and provide clues about the substance.
…are diamond-shaped indicators.
…are smaller versions of placards.

A

labels; placards
placards
labels

42
Q

The DOT system does not require that all chemical shipments be marked.
In most cases, the package or cargo tank must contain a … of hazardous material before a placard is required.
Some chemicals are so hazardous that shipping any amount requires the use of labels or placards.

A

certain amount;

43
Q

Material safety data sheets (MSDS)
Common source of information about a particular chemical
Provides basic information about:
The …of a substance
The potential … it presents
Appropriate … in the event of an exposure
Other pertinent data for safe handling

A

chemical makeup; hazards; first aid

44
Q


Required whenever materials are transported from one place to another
Include names and addresses of the shipper and the receiver, identify the material being shipped, and specify the quantity and weight of each part of the shipment

A

Shipping papers

45
Q

…(CHEMTREC)
CHEMTREC is operated by the American Chemistry Council.
Serves as an invaluable technical information resource for first responders of all disciplines who are called upon to respond to chemical incidents

A

Chemical Transportation Emergency Center

46
Q

Despite the availability of resources, identification may still be difficult.
Presence of the following may help:
Visible … or strange-looking … from the escaping substance
… or … from a tank, container, truck, or railroad car
Unusual, strong, noxious, harsh … in the area

A

cloud; smoke; leak; spill; odor

47
Q

If any signs suggest that a HazMat incident has occurred, stop at a safe distance and park … or …
Call for the HazMat team, try to rapidly assess the situation, and try to provide as much information as possible.
Do not reenter the scene and do not leave the area until you have been cleared.
Avoid all contact with the material.

A

upwind; uphill

48
Q

hazmat sits: Use the ambulance’s ….
Alert individuals near the scene and direct them to move.
Establish …zones.
Securing access helps ensure that no one will accidentally enter the contaminated area.
You should be prepared to expand or contract the control zones if necessary.

A

public address system; control

49
Q
hazmat: Role of the EMT
Your job is to report to a designated area outside of the hot and warm zones and provide:
… 
… 
… 
…
A

triage
treatment
transport
rehabilitation

50
Q
NFPA 704, Hazardous Materials Classification standard classifies hazardous materials according to:
… hazard or … levels
… hazard
... hazard
Special hazards
A

health hazard; toxicity
fire
chemical reactive

51
Q

Toxicity levels
Measures the …that a substance poses to someone who comes into contact with it
The …the number, the greater the toxicity.

A

health risk; higher

52
Q

PPE levels indicate the amount and type of protective gear that you need to prevent injury from a substance.
Level …:
Most hazardous
Requires fully … , chemical-resistant protective clothing that provides full body protection, as well as SCBA and special, sealed equipment

Level …
Requires … protective clothing or clothing that is designed to protect against a particular hazard
Requires breathing devices that contain their own air supply, such as SCBA, and eye protection

Level …
Requires the use of … clothing and eye protection
Face masks that filter all inhaled outside air

Level …
Requires a …, such as coveralls, that affords minimal protection
All levels require the use of gloves.

A

A; encapsulated
B; nonencapsulated
C; nonpermeable
D; work uniform

53
Q

Your care of patients must address the following two issues:
Any trauma that has resulted from other related mechanisms, such as vehicle collision, fire, or explosion
The injury and harm that have resulted from …

A

exposure to the toxic hazardous substance

54
Q

Most serious injuries and deaths from hazardous materials result from …and … problems.
In some cases, the HazMat team may find patients who need immediate treatment before the … has been set up.

A

airway; breathing; decontamination area

55
Q
You will need to increase the amount of protective clothing you wear, including:
SCBA
…  of gloves
… or a face shield
A protective … 
… protection
A disposable fluid-impervious ...
A
two pairs
goggles
coat
respiratory
apron