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EMT > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

the abdominal cavity contains the … system, … system, and … system
made up of solid and hollow organs
injury to a solid organ can cause … and …
breach of a hollow organ causes its contents to … and contaminate the abdominal cavity

A

gastrointestinal; genital; urinary; shock; bleeding; leak

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2
Q

gastrointestinal system:
responsible for … process
digestion begins when food is ..–> saliva breaks down food
the … is the main digestive organ–> gastric juices break down food

A

digestion; chewed; stomach

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3
Q 
gastrointestinal system: 
the liver assists in digestion: 
secretes …
… toxic substances
creates … stores
the … is a bile reservoir
A

bile; filters; glucose; gallbladder

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4
Q

gastrointestinal system:

small intestine consists of the …, .., and …

A

duodenum; jejunum; ileum

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5
Q

gastrointestinal system:
colon (large intestine): food that is not … comes here, … is absorbed, … is formed
spleen: located in the abdomen but has no … function

A

broken down; water; stool; digestive

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6
Q

the abdominal space also holds … organs

A

reproductive

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7
Q

(urinary system) controls discharge of waste materials filtered from .. by ..
two kidneys, one on each side of the body
… join each kidney to the bladder
the bladder is located behind the … and empties urine outside the body through the …

A

blood; kidneys; ureters; pubic symphysis; urethra

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8
Q

the abdominal cavity and organs are lined by peritoneum:
…: lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
…: covers organs
foreign material such as blood, pus, or bile can … the peritoneum

A

parietal; visceral; irritate

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9
Q

… refers to sudden onset of abdominal pain–> often associated with severe, progressive problems
..: inflammation of peritoneum, can cause …: paralysis of muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine

A

acute abdomen; peritonitis; ileus

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10
Q

two types of nerves supply the peritoneum:
parietal peritoneum: supplied by the same nerves that supply the ..
visceral peritoneum: supplied by …
produces … pain

A

skin of the abdomen; autonomic nervous system; referred

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11
Q

causes of acute abdomen:
…: protective layer of mucus lining erodes, allowing acid to eat into an organ
…: may form and block the gallbladder’s outlet, leading to cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)

A

ulcers; gallstones

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12
Q

causes of acute abdomen cont:
…: inflammation of the pancreas
…: inflammation or infection in the appendix
…: symptom of another disease, may be acute/chronic

A

pancreatitis; appendicitis; gastrointestinal hemorrhage

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13
Q

causes of acute abdomen cont:
…: lining of the esophagus becomes inflamed by infection or acids from the stomach; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
…: pressure within blood vessels surrounding esophagus increases; with a gradual disease process, patients will initially show signs of liver disease

A

esophagitis; esophageal varices

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14
Q

causes of acute abdomen cont:
….: junction between the esophagus and the stomach tears, causing severe bleeding
…: infection from bacterial/viral organisms or caused by noninfectious conditions

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome; gastroenteritis

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15
Q

causes of acute abdomen cont:
…: fecal matter becomes caught in the colon walls, causing inflammation and infection
…: created by swelling and inflammation of blood vessels surrounding the rectum
… (bladder infection) is common, also called urinary tract infection

A

diverticulitis; hemorrhoids; cystitis

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16
Q

kidneys: play a major role in maintaining homeostasis
when the kidneys fail, … results
kidney stones can grow over time and cause …

A

uremia; blockage

17
Q

kidneys cont:
…: sudden decrease in kidney function, reversible with prompt diagnosis and treatment
…: progressive and irreversible damage; eventually dialysis is required

A

acute kidney failure

chronic kidney failure

18
Q

… problems are a common cause of acute abdominal pain

lower quadrant pain may relate to the …, …, or …

A

gynecologic; ovaries; fallopian tubes; uterus

19
Q

the … lies immediately behind the peritoneum–> weak areas can result in … (AAA), can be difficult to detect, use extreme caution when assessing/detecting AAA
… can cause ileus and abdominal pain

A

aorta; abdominal aortic aneurysm; pneumonia

20
Q

…: protrusion of an organ through an opening into a body cavity where it does not belong; may not always produce a noticeable mass or lump
… of this is a serious medical emergency

A

hernia; strangulation

21
Q

… hernias pose little risk and can be pushed back into the body cavity
… hernias cannot be pushed back in and are compressed by surrounding body tissue–> strangulation of an incarcerated hernia is a serious medical emergency: blood supply is compromised by the compressed surrounding tissue

A

reducible; incarcerated

22
Q 
serious hernia signs and symptoms: 
a formerly reducible mass that is no longer reducible 
… at the hernia site
… when the hernia is palpated
… or … skin discoloration
A

pain; tenderness; red; blue

23
Q

scene safety: consider … and … for shoes

A

gown; disposable protective covers

24
Q

MOI/NOI:
acute abdomen may be the result of …, such as blunt/penetrating trauma
use assessment results to develop an early index of suspicion for life threats

A

violence

25
Q

airway and breathing:
abdominal pain may cause .., … respirations
circulation: ask about blood in … or …, … stools; check pulses in both ..
transport decision: immediate transport is warranted if there are signs of significant illness

A

shallow; inadequate

vomit; black, tarry; arms;

26
Q 
history taking: 
SAMPLE history: 
… and ..
change in … and … 
… 
.. or … 
.. 
other signs/symptoms
concurrent …
A 
nausea; vomiting; 
bowel habits; urination 
weight loss
belching; flatulence
pain
chest pain
27
Q

physical examination for secondary assessment::
the normal abdomen is soft and not tender to the touch
muscles of the abdominal wall may become … involuntarily (…)

A

rigid; guarding

28
Q

for the physical exam for secondary assessment:
expose and visually assess abdomen
ask the patient where the pain is most …
… the abdomen very gently
note whether pain is localized/widespread
determine whether patient exhibits … and whether he/she can … the abdominal wall on command
guarding and rigidity may be present

A

intense; palpate; rebound tenderness; relax

29
Q

secondary assessment cont:
vital signs–> check the … and …
a high resp rate with a normal pulse rate and BP may indicate improper …
a high resp rate and pulse rate with signs of shock may indicate … or … shock
if a patient has a dialysis shunt in his/her arm, avoid taking a blood pressure in the same arm as the shunt to avoid damaging it

A

resp rate; pulse rate; ventilations; septic or hypovolemic

30
Q

you cannot treat … of acute abdomen: take steps to provide comfort and lessen the effects of shock
treat the patient for … even when obvious signs are not apparent
… may decrease nausea and anxiety
after completing patient care, clean the ambulance, equipment, and hands

A

causes; shock; low-flow oxygen;

31
Q

… is the only definitive treatment for chronic kidney failure. it filters blood, cleans it of toxins, and returns it to the body

A

dialysis

32
Q

if the patient misses dialysis treatment, … can occur

some services transport patients to and from dialysis centers

A

pulmonary edema

33
Q 
a dialysis machine functions much like normal kidneys
adverse effects of dialysis: 
… 
… 
… and … 
… or … at the access site
A

hypotension
muscle cramps
nausea and vomiting
hemorrhage; infection

34
Q

patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis have a …that connects a vein and an artery, allowing blood flow from the body to the dialysis machine
… dialysis allows large amounts of dialysis fluid to be infused into the abdominal cavity–> the fluid stays in the cavity for 1 to 2 hrs
some dialysis patients also have ..

A

shunt; peritoneal; urinary catheters

EMT (45 decks)

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