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EMT > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

cranium:
contains the …
most posterior portion is called the …
lateral portions on each side are called … or … regions
forehead is called the … region
anterior to the ear, in the temporal region, you can feel the pulse of the … artery

A 
brain; 
occiput
temples; temporal regions
frontal
superficial temporal
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2
Q

face has … major bones

A

6

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3
Q

face:
… protects the eye from injury
only the … of the nose is formed by bone

A

bony orbit; proximal third

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4
Q

the exposed portion of the ear is composed entirely of … covered by skin

A

cartilage

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5
Q

about 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear is the …
the … forms the jaw and chin

A

mastoid process

mandible

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6
Q

neck is supported by the …
the upper part of the esophagus and the trachea lie in the … of the neck –> the … are found on either side of the trachea

A

cervical spine; midline; carotid arteries

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7
Q

the larynx:
adam’s apple is located in the center of the neck
other portion of the larynx is the …
cricothyroid membrane

A

cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

the trachea is below the …–> connects the … and .. with the main passages of the lungs
… muscles–> originate from the mastoid process, allow movement of the head

A

larynx; oropharynx; larynx; sternocleidomastoid

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9
Q

(eye) globe-shaped, approximately … in diameter

located within a bony socket in the skull called the ..–> protects over 80% of the eyeball

A

1 inch; orbit

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10
Q

(eye) clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye is called …–> in front of the lens is a fluid called the …, which can leak out in penetrating injuries

A

vitreous humor; aqueous humor;

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11
Q

(eye) the … is the membrane that covers the eye

the … produce fluid to keep the eye moist

A

conjunctiva; lacrimal glans

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12
Q

(eye) the … is the white, fibrous tissue that helps maintain the globular shape. on the front of the eye, the sclera is replaced by a clear, transparent membrane called the .. –> allows light to enter the eye
the … is a circular muscle behind the cornea

A

sclera; cornea; iris

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13
Q

(eye) the …. is the opening in the center of the iris–> allows light to move to the back of the eye
… is a condition in which a person is born with different-sized pupils
the … lies behind the iris–> focuses images on the retina at the back of the globe

A

pupil; anisocoria; lens

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14
Q

(eye) the retina contains …–> responds to light by transmitting nerve impulses through the … to the brain
the retina is nourished by a layer of …
… causes blindness

A

nerve endings; optic nerve; blood vessels; retinal detachment

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15
Q

injuries of face and neck can often lead to partial/complete obstruction of the upper airway
several factors may contribute:
… from heavy facial bleeding
direct injuries to the … and …, …, and …
dislodgement of .. or … in the throat

A

blood clots; nose and mouth; larynx and trachea; teeth; dentures

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16
Q

injuries of face and neck can often lead to partial/complete obstruction of the upper airway
several factors may contribute: CONTD
… that accompanies direct/indirect injury
airway may be affected when the patient’s head is …
possible injuries to the … and/or …

A

swelling; turned to the side; brain; cervical spine

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17
Q

soft-tissue injuries:
very common
face and neck are extremely …–> swelling may be more severe; skin and tissues in these areas have a …; a blunt injury can cause a …

A

vascular; rich blood supply; hematoma

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18
Q

dental injuries:
… injuries are common
most of these injuries are the result of vehicle collisions and assaults
… are usually found after blunt-force, high-energy impacts
fractured and avulsed teeth are common following facial trauma

A

mandible; maxillary fractures

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19
Q

primary assess–> airway and breathing:

… or otherwise … chest wall motion is contraindicated

A

splinting; restricting

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20
Q

patients with significant MOI, but stable, should be transported … even if the patient has no signs of hypoperfusion, there is the possibility of … injuries

A

promptly; eye

21
Q

secondary assess:
ensure that control of bleeding is maintained and note injury location
inspect open wound for any … and stabilized impaled objects
use both your eyes and your hands
assess all underlying systems
when evaluating the eyes, start with the … and work toward the pupils
… is a vital sign of the eye

A

foreign matter; outer aspect; visual acuity

22
Q

secondary assess cont–> vital signs:
assess vitals to obtain a baseline
you must be concerned with visible bleeding and unseen bleeding inside a …
with facial and throat injuries, … is very important
use appropriate monitoring devices

A

body cavity; baseline information

23
Q

whenever you suspect significant bleeding, provide ..

A

high-flow ox

24
Q

treat soft-tissue injuries to the face and neck the same as soft-tissue injuries …

A

elsewhere on the body

25
Q

apply … locally to injuries that do not break the skin
for soft-tissue injuries around the mouth, check for … inside the mouth–> broken teeth and tongue lacerations may cause extensive bleeding and obstruction of the upper airway

A

ice; bleeding

26
Q

physicians can sometimes graft a piece of avulsed skin back into position:
if you find portions of avulsed skin–> wrap in a sterile dressing, place in a … and keep cool
if the avulsed skin is still attached in a loose flap: place the flap in … as close to normal as possible

A

plastic bag; position

27
Q

in a normal, uninjured eye, the entire circle of the iris is …–> the pupils are round, usually equal in size, and react equally to light
after an injury, pupil … or … and … are often disturbed

A

visible; reaction; shape; eye movement

28
Q

treatment for eye injuries starts with a …:
always use standard precautions
take care not to aggravate any problems
look for abnormalities/conditions that may suggest the NOI

A

thorough examination

29
Q

eye injuries:
foreign objects–> even a small object may produce …
irrigation with a sterile … solution will frequently flush away small, loose particles
a foreign body will leave a small abrasion on the …..

A

severe irritation; saline; conjunctiva

30
Q

eye injuries–> foreign injuries contd:
irrigation will usually not wash out foreign bodies stuck to the … or lying under the …
if you spot a foreign object on the surface of the eyelid, you may be able to remove it
foreign bodies may be impaled in the eye. stabilize the object and prepare the patient for transport

A

cornea; upper eyelid

31
Q

burns of the eye–> stop the burn and prevent further damage

chemical burns–> usually caused by … or … solutions

A

acid; alkaline

32
Q

thermal burns of the eyes: during a fire, the eyes will … to protect from heat, and the … will burn

A

close; eyelids

33
Q

lighr burns of eyes;
… rays, … light, and … all can cause significant damage
retinal injuries caused by exposure to light are generally not painful but may result in permanent damage
… usually develops with redness, swelling, and excessive tears

A

infrared; eclipse; laser beams; severe conjunctivitis

34
Q

lacerations:
require very careful repair to restore … and …
if there is a laceration of the globe itself, apply … to the eye
eyeball may be displaced from socket

A

appearance; function; no pressure

35
Q

blunt trauma:
injuries range from the ordinary black eye to a severely damaged globe
… obscures all or part of the iris
an … is a fracture of the bones that form the eye floor and support the globe
retinal detachment is often seen in sports

A

hyphema; orbit fracture

36
Q

contact lenses and artificial eyes:
do not attempt to remove contact lenses unless there is a …
to remove a hard contact lens, use a …
to remove soft contact lenses, place one or two drops of … in the eye, pinch the lens between your thumb and index finger, and lift

A

chemical burn; small suction cup; saline

37
Q

injuries of the nose:
nosebleeds (epistaxis) are a common problem:
one of the most common causes is …
anterior nosebleeds usually originate from the area of the .. and bleed …
posterior nosebleeds are usually more severe and often cause blood to …
the nose often takes the brunt of physical assaults and car crashes

A

digital trauma; septum; slowly; drain into the throat

38
Q

injuries of the nose:

assess the nose structures for injury–> … may escape through the nose following a fracture at the base of the skull

A

CSF

39
Q

the ear is complex and associated with hearing and balance. divided into three parts:
… ear
… ear
… ear

A

external
middle
inner

40
Q

….: sudden changes in pressure created by a blast wave may cause rupture

A

tympanic membrane rupture

41
Q

children place foreign bodies in the external auditory canal

clear fluid coming from the ear may indicate a …

A

skull fracture

42
Q

facial fractures:
typically result from ….
assume a direct blow to the mouth or nose has caused a facial fracture
facial fractures alone are not … unless there is serious bleeding

A

blunt impact; acute emergencies

43
Q

plastic surgeons can repair the damage to the face and mouth if the injuries are treated within … to … days. swelling can be extreme within the first … after injury

A

7; 10; 24 hrs

44
Q

dental injuries:’
… will occur whenever a tooth is violently displaced from its socket:
apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding
perform suctioning if needed
cracked or loose teeth are possible airway obstructions

A

bleeding

45
Q

you may encounter an object impaled in the patients cheek:
if you are unable to control the bleeding, consider … the object
then provide … on the inside and outside of the cheek
the amount of bandaging should not occlude the mouth

A

removing; direct pressure

46
Q

the neck contains many structures vulnerable to injury by blunt trauma
blunt injuries:
any crushing injury of the upper part of the neck is likely to involve the … or …
once the cartilages of the upper airway and larynx are fractured, they do not spring back to their normal position

A

larynx; trachea

47
Q

injuries of neck:
penetrating injuries
can cause profuse bleeding from laceration of the great vessels in the neck
injuries to the carotid and jugular veins can cause the body to … (…)
if a vein is punctured, an … may result

A

bleed out; exsanguination; air embolism

48
Q

blunt force trauma to the larynx can occur when:
unrestrained driver strikes …
snowmobile rider strikes a clothesline
the larynx becomes crushed against the …, resulting in … injury, …, and/or separation of the …

A

steering wheel; cervical spine; soft-tissue; fractures; fascia

49
Q

penetrating or impaled objects in the larynx should not be removed unless they …
stabilize all impaled objects if they are not …

A

interfere with CPR; obstructing the airway

EMT (45 decks)

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