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EMT > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

allergy related emergencies may involve:
acute…
… collapse

A

airway obstruction

cardiovascular

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2
Q

an … is an exaggerated immune response to any substance
not caused directly by an outside stimulus
caused by the body’s ..–> releases chemicals to combat the stimulus

A

allergic reaction; immune system

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3
Q

allergic rxns may be … and …, characterized by itching, redness, and tenderness or … and …–a condition known as anaphylaxis

A

mild; local; severe; systemic

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4
Q

anaphylaxis is an extreme, life threatening allergic rxn: involves multiple …
can rapidly result in … and …

A

organ system; shock; death

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5
Q

three common signs of anaphylaxis:
… (hives)
..
…

A

urticaria;
angioedema
wheezing

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6
Q

in anaphylaxis, patients may also experience:
… due to vasodilation and increased …
gastrointestinal dysfunction (e.g. nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps)

A

hypotension; capillary permeability

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7
Q

common allergens:
..–> symptoms may take more than 30 mins to appear
…–> if injected, rxn may be immediate and severe; rxns to oral ones may take more than 30 mins to appear

A

food; medicine

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8
Q

common allergens cont:

plants: .., …, and other plant materials
chemicals: .., .., and…–> … is of particular concern to health care providers

A

dusts; pollens; makeup; soap; hair dye; latex

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9
Q

insect bites and stings:
…: the process of an insect injecting its venom
the reaction may be localized or systemic

A

envenomation

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10
Q

approx. 3% of adults and 1% of children are allergic to venom of bees, wasps, and hornets
insect stings cause at least 50 deaths/yr in the US
the stinging organ of most insects is a small, hollow … projecting from the ..

A

spine; abdomen

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11
Q 
signs and symptoms for insect stings: 
sudden ..
…
localized …
… 
… in light skinned people 
… and a … (raised, swollen, well-defined area on skin)
as long as these remain localized, they're usually not serious
A 
pain
swelling
heat
urticaria
redness
itching; wheal
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12
Q 
in severe cases of insect stings, patients may experience: 
… and …
… and …
… 
.. 
… complaints 
…
A 
bronchospasm; wheezing
chest tightness; coughing
dyspnea
anxiety
gastrointestinal
hypotension
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13
Q

for insect stings patients may occasionally experience …; if untreated, an anaphylactic rxn can proceed rapidly to death–> more than 2/3 of patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first … mins

A

resp failure; 30

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14
Q

gen impression:

allergic rxns may present as … or … distress in the form of …

A

resp/cardio; shock

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15
Q

anaphylaxis can cause rapid swelling of the ..

A

upper airway

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16
Q 
airway and breathing--> 
quickly assess for: 
increased …
use of … 
…
… positioning
…
abnormal ..
A 
work of breathing; 
accessory muscles
head bobbing
tripod
nostril flaring
breath sounds
17
Q

if isgns of shock emerge, place the patient in the … position

A

supine

18
Q

circulation: some patients in anaphylaxis may present with …
assess for signs of hypoperfusion
treat for …
definitive treatment is …

A

hypotension; shock; epinephrine

19
Q

for history taking be alert for any statements regarding … that might cause allergic rxns and ask about … complaints (nausea/vomiting)

A

ingestion of foods; gastrointestinal

20
Q

secondary physical exam:
remove clothing to look for presence of…, signs of contact with .., and other clues suggestive of a rxn
skin signs may be unreliable indicators of .., as they may vary widely or be hidden by rashes/swelling

A

bee stingers; chemicals; hypoperfusion

21
Q

interventions:
determine severity of rxn
mild reactions require … and …
anaphylaxis requires .. and ….

A

supportive care; monitoring; epinephrine; ventilatory support

22
Q

if stinger is present, … the skin with the edge of a sharp, stiff object like a credit card
do not use … or …

A

scrape; tweezers; forceps

23
Q

epinephrine:
mimics the .. response
rapidly reverses effects of anaphylaxis
… and comes pre-doesed in an injector

A

sympathetic; prescribed

24
Q

the adult EpiPen delivers .. mg of epinephrine
infant-child system delivers … mg
epi can have an effect within .. mins

A

0.3; 0.15; 1

25
Q 
side effects of epi: 
… blood pressure
… pulse rate
…
cardiac …
… 
.. 
… 
… 
.. 
...
A 
high; 
increased
anxiety
arrhythmias
pallor
dizziness
chest pain
headache
nausea
vomiting
26
Q

don’t give epi to patients without signs of … or … and patients who don’t meet criteria for …

A

resp compromise; hypotension; anaphylaxis

EMT (45 decks)

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