Chapter 36 Flashcards
… disability:
Insufficient development of the brain resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment
Includes intellectual, hearing, or vision impairments
…disability:
Results in the inability to learn and socially adapt at a normal developmental rate
Developmental; Intellectual
intellectual disability–…:
Slow to understand or limited vocabulary
Behave immaturely compared to peers
If severe, may have inability to care for themselves, communicate, understand, or respond
Rely on patients and family members for information.
Patient may have difficulty adjusting to … or a ….
Patients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same diseases as other patients.
Slight impairment; change; break in routine
autism spectrum disorder: Developmental disorder characterized by impairment of s…
Severe behavioral problems
… motor activities
Impairment in verbal and nonverbal skills
May be hyper- or hyposensitive to … stimuli
social interaction; Repetitive; sensory
autism spectrum disorder:
Wide spectrum of disability
Patients have difficulty using or understanding ….
Do best with simple, one-step directions
Affects males .. times more than females
Rely on parents/caregivers for information
nonverbal communication; five
down syndrome:
Genetic chromosomal defect during fetal development
Causes mild to severe intellectual impairment
Physical abnormalities:
Round head with flat …
…, … tongue
Slanted, wide-set eyes
occiput; enlarged, protruding;
down syndrome contd:
Increased risk for medical complications
40% may have … conditions and … and … problems
Intubation may be difficult due to large tongues and small … and … cavities.
Mask ventilation can be challenging
Jaw-thrust or nasopharyngeal airway may be necessary.
heart; hearing; vision; oral; nasal
down syndrome contd:
Management of seizures is the same as for any other patent
The … joint is unstable in approximately 15% of patients:
Increased risk of complications when they experience trauma
atlantoaxial
visual impairment: Possible causes Range in degree of visual impairment Some patients lose … or … vision Some can distinguish … from … or ... May be difficult to recognize
peripheral; central; light; dark; shapes
for the visually impaired:
Transport considerations
Take … or …, if used.
Make arrangements for care or accompaniment of …
Patients should be gently guided, never pulled or pushed.
Communicate obstacles in advance.
cane; walker; service animal;
hearing impaired patients:
Assist the patient with finding and inserting any …
Face the patient while you communicate.
Do not … your lip movements or look away.
Position yourself approximately … directly in front of the patient.
Do not speak louder; try … of your voice.
hearing aids; exaggerate; 18”; lowering the pitch
Hearing aids make sound louder.
Several types are available.
Behind-the-ear, conventional body, in-the-canal, in-the-ear
Device should fit snugly.
If …occurs, it may not be in far enough.
whistling
…: Group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement
Symptoms
Considerations
Observe airway closely and suction as needed.
Do not assume intellectual disability.
cerebral palsy
cerebral palsy contd:
Considerations (con’t)
…are prone to injury.
Unsteady gait makes patients prone to …
… the patient to ensure comfort.
Never force extremities into position.
Take walker or wheelchair with the patient.
underdeveloped limbs
falls
pad
spina bifida: Associated conditions … Partial or full … of the lower extremities Loss of … and … control Extreme … allergy
hydrocephalus
paralysis
bowel; bladder
latex
paralysis:
Inability to voluntarily move body parts
Possible causes
May have normal sensation or …
… may not function correctly (requires ventilator).
Difficulty swallowing may require suctioning.
hyperesthesia; diaphragm
