Chapter 26 Flashcards
soft tissues of the body can be injured through a variety of mechanisms: ... injury ... injury ... ...
blunt
penetrating
barotrauma
burns
skin varies in thickness
… in the very young and very old
… on the eyelids, lips, and ears than on the scalp, back, soles of feet
skin has two principal layers: the … and the … –> …: the tough, external layer; …: the inner layer
thinner; thinner; epidermis; dermis; epidermis; dermis
bodily openings are lined with …
mucous membranes
skin serves many functions: barrier against ... helps maintain ... helps body regulate ... ... organ
infection
fluid balance
temperature
sensory
any break in the skin may allow bacteria to enter and increases the potential for:
…
… loss
loss of …
infection
fluid
temperature control
three types of soft-tissue injuries:
… injuries
… injuries
…
closed; open; burns
pathophysiology of closed and open injuries:
cessation of … is primary concern
the next wound healing stage is …
a new layer of cells is then moved into the damaged area
new … form
… provides stability to the damaged tissue and joins wound borders
bleeding; inflammation; blood vessels; collagen
(closed injuries) a … (bruise) results from blunt forces striking the body. the epidermis remain intact but … are usually torn. the buildup of blood produces …
a … is blood that collects within damaged tissue or in a body cavity
contusion; small blood vessels; ecchymosis; hematoma
(closed injuries) a … injury occurs when a significant amount of force is applied to the body
extent of damage depends on:
amount of …
length of … that the force is applied
when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours, … syndrome can develop
crushing; force; time; crush
(closed injuries) … syndrome results from the swelling that occurs whenever tissues are injured
severe closed injuries can damage internal organs
compartment
four types of open injuries: ... ... ... ...
abrasions
lacerations
avulsions
penetrating wounds
(open injuries) abrasion: a wound of the … layer of the skin–> caused by … when a body part rubs or scrapes across a rough/hard surface
superficial; friction
(open injuries) laceration: a … cut–> caused by a sharp object or blunt force that tears the tissue
jagged
(open injuries) avulsion: a wound that separates various layers of soft tissue so that they become either … or hang as a …
completely detached; flap
(open injuries) amputation: an injury in which part of the body is completely ….
a penetrating wound is an injury resulting from a … object –> can damage structures deep within the body; can lead to infection
severed; piercing object
stabbings and shootings often result in multiple penetrating injuries: assess the patient carefully to identify all wounds, count the … of penetrating injuries; determine the type of … when possible but do not delay transport
number; gun
it is more difficult to assess a … injury than to assess an … injury
closed; open
immediately transport in these cases: poor initial ... altered ... ... abnormal ... ... severe ...
general impression level of consciousness dyspnea vital signs shock pain
… as well as a host of other medical conditions can complicate open soft-tissue injuries
chronic medical conditions
vital signs: signs that indicate hypoperfusion and the need for rapid transport-- ... ... low ... weak ... .., ..., and ... skin
tachycardia tachypnea blood pressure pulse cool; moist; pale
communication and documentation: description of the ... ... in which you found the patient amount of ... location and description of any ... injuries or other wounds ... and .. of the injury how you treated the injuries
MOI position blood loss soft-tissue size; depth
no special emergency care is necessary for …
small contusions
treat closed soft-tissue injury using the RICES mnemonic: R.... I... C... E... S...
rest ice compression elevation splinting
signs of developing shock: ... or ... changes in ... increased ... rate increased ... rate ... ... or ... skin decreased ...
anxiety; agitation mental status heart respiratory diaphoresis cool; clammy; blood pressure
cover wounds of the chest, upper abdomen, or upper back with … dressings
occlusive
control bleeding by … the extremity, even if there is no fracture
splinting
abdominal wounds: an open wound in the abdominal cavity may expose … organs
…: the organs protrude through the wound
internal; evisceration
impaled objects
remove an impaled object only when the object is in the … or … and … or the object is in the … and interferes with …
cheek; mouth; obstructs the airway; chest; CPR
neck injuries:
… injuries can be life threatening
… may suck in air and cause cardiac arrest
cover the wound with an occlusive dressing
apply manual pressure but do not compress both carotid arteries at the same time
open neck; open veins