Chapter 6 - Carcinogenesis / Mutagenesis Flashcards
Which of the following benin-malignant neoplasm pairs is incorrect?
A. Lipoma-liposarcoma
B. Hemangioma-angiosarcoma
C. Squamous cell papilloma-squamous cell sarcoma
D. Bronchial adenoma-bronchogenic carcinoma
C. Squamous cell papilloma-squamous cell sarcoma
All of the following are true of nongenotoxic carcinogens except…
A. There is a threshold
B. They are mutagenic
C. They cause no direct DNA damage
D. They can be tissue specific
B. They are mutagenic
All of the following are possible outcomes for initiated cells in the neoplastic process except…
A. Cell death via apoptosis
B. immediate distant metastatic spread
C. Can remain in static, nondividing state
D. Can undergo cell division to increase population of initiated cells
B. immediate distant metastatic spread
The progression state of carcinogenesis…
A. Is reversible
B. Involves conversion from preneoplasm to neoplasm
C. Does not involve DNA modification
D. Always forms a carcinoma
B. Involves conversion from preneoplasm to neoplasm
All of the following are true of the promotion stage of carcinogenesis except…
A. Multiple cell divisions are necessary
B. Only a single treatment is needed
C. DNA is not directly modified
D. Decrease in apoptosis may be a mechanism
B. Only a single treatment is needed
The carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic is unusual in that…
A. It causes cancer in humans, but probably not animals
B. It causes different cancers in humans and animals
C. It causes cancer in animals but not humans
D. It causes cancer in plants, but not animals
A. It causes cancer in humans, but probably not animals
The most prevalent DNA adduct is…
A. 5-hydroxyuracil
B. thymine glycol
C. 8-hydroxyguanine
D. 9-oxoguanine
C. 8-hydroxyguanine
Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are called…
A. Sarcomas
B. Fibromas
C. Carcinomas
D. Papilloma
C. Carcinomas
Malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origins are called…
A. Sarcomas
B. Fibromas
C. Carcinomas
D. Papilloma
C. Carcinomas
A carcinogen is an agent that when administered to animals…
A. Increases the incidence of malignant neoplasms
B. increases the incidence of benign neoplasms
C. Increases the incidence of background neoplasms
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
An IARC carcinogenic classification of 2A means…
A. The chemical is probably carcinogenic in humans
B. Animal data is positive for cancer development
C. Human epidemiology data is suggestive of cancer causation
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following occupational carcinogen-cancer type pairs is incorrect?
A. Formaldehyde-astrocytoma
B. arsenic-skin cancer
C. Nickel-nasal sinus cancer
D. Benzidine-bladder carcinoma
A. Formaldehyde-astrocytoma
The development of tumors in rodents after the implantation of solid material is known as…
A. Multiple-hit carcinogenesis
B. Solid-state carcinogenesis
C. Single-hit carcinogenesis
D. Non-mutational carcinogenesis
B. Solid-state carcinogenesis
Alpha 2u globulin nephropathy from hydrocarbons and gastric neuroendocrine cell neoplasia from omeprazole are examples of neoplastic effects in rodents with…
A. No significance in humans
B. Some evidence for human cancer asso
C. Strong evidence for human cancer asso
D. IARC 2B classification in human
A. No significance in humans
Cosmetic preparations applied to the skin of the SKH1 albino hairless mouse would likely involve a test for…
A. Tumor progression
B. solid-state carcinogenesis
C. Photochemical carcinogenesis
D. Anticarcinogenesis
C. Photochemical carcinogenesis
The Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) assay is an example of a/an…
A. In vivo assay
B. 2-year bioassay
C. Organ specific assay
D. Transformation assay
D. Transformation assay
In a classic experimental demonstration of cancer development in mouse skin, croton oil was used as…
A. An initiator
B. a promoter
C. A vehicle
D. A placebo
B. a promoter
All of the following are true of the chronic (2-year) carcinogenicity bioassay except…
A. FDA mandates use of dogs and monkeys
B. A vehicle control and 2 or 3 doses of test chemical
C. Male and female animals are used
D. At necropsy, the number, location and pathology of each tumor are assessed
A. FDA mandates use of dogs and monkeys
Which of the following lifestyle-cancer associations is incorrect?
A. Dietary fat-melanoma
B. tobacco smoking-bladder cancer
C. Ethanol-oral cancer
D. Moldy food-liver cancer
A. Dietary fat-melanoma
Which of the following drug-cancer associations is incorrect?
A. Thorotrast-angiosarcoma of the liver
B. phenacetin-carcinoma of the renal pelvis
C. Diethylstilbestrol-clear cell vaginal carcinoma
D. Estrogens-prostate cancer
D. Estrogens-prostate cancer
Which of the following tumor suppressor gene-neoplasm pairs is incorrect?
A. P16-melanoma
B. Rb1-small cell lung carcinoma
C. BRCA1-osteosarcoma
D. WT1-lung cancer
C. BRCA1-osteosarcoma
All of the following are true of the p53 gene except…
A. it is essential for checkpoint control during cell division
B. the active form is a hexamer of 6 identical subunits
C. Enhanced MDM2 in tumor cells decreases functional p53
D. Mutations are asso w/ lung, colon and breast cancer
B. the active form is a hexamer of 6 identical subunits
All of the following are true of carcinogens that initially at lower doses demonstrate protection against carcinogenesis except…
A. Induction of P450 enzymes as a possible mechanism
B. Exhibit a J-shaped dose-response curve
C. Simulation of adaptive responses that dominate at low doses
D. A mechanism that is only exhibited by tumor promoters
D. A mechanism that is only exhibited by tumor promoters
Which pair of the following chemoprotective agent-mechanism pair is incorrect?
A. Vitamin D - inhibition of cytochrome P450
B. Vitamin C - antioxidant
C. Vanillin - increase in DNA repair
D. Folic acid - correct DNA methylation imbalances
A. Vitamin D - inhibition of cytochrome P450
Big Blue and Muta Mouse are examples of…
A. In vitro gene mutation assays
B. Assays that test for tumor promoters and not initiators
C. Transgenic models
D. None of the above
C. Transgenic models
All of the following statements are true regarding gap-junctional intracellular communication except…
A. Small molecules less than 1 kDa can be exchanged through neighboring cells
B. It is inhibited by tumor promoters
C. Carcinogens that interfere with it are not tissue and species specific
D. It is achieved by connexin hexamers that form a pore between adjacent cells
C. Carcinogens that interfere with it are not tissue and species specific
All of the following are true statements regarding GSTM1 except…
A. It demonstrates high reactivity toward epoxides
B. humans possessing the null isoform have a higher risk for bladder and gastric cancer
C. It is primarily a detox enzyme
D. The null isoform is protective in breast cancer
D. The null isoform is protective in breast cancer
All of the following are true regarding proto-oncogenes except…
A. There are no known oncogenic virus analogues
B. They are dominant
C. Somatic mutations can be activated during all stages of carcinogenesis
D. Germ line inheritance of these genes is rarely involved in cancer development
A. There are no known oncogenic virus analogues
All of the following are true regarding oncogenes except…
A. No known oncogenic virus analogue
B. They are recessive
C. Broad tissue specificity for cancer development
D. Somatic mutations activated during all stages of carcinogenesis
B. They are recessive
All of the following are true regarding tumor suppressor genes except…
A. BRCA1 is an example
B. they are recessive
C. No oncogenic virus analogues
D. Germ line inheritance is never involved in cancer development
D. Germ line inheritance is never involved in cancer development