Chapter 1 - Toxicological Principles Flashcards
A newly formed hapten complex usually stimulates the formation of a significant amount of antibodies in….
A. 1-2 minutes
B. 1-2 hours
C. 1-2 days
D. 1-2 weeks
D. 1-2 weeks
A toxic substance produced by biological systems is specifically as a…
A. Toxicant
B. Toxin
C. Xenobiotic
D. Poison
B. Toxin
Prolonged muscle relaxation in response to succinylcholine is an example of a/an….
A. IGE-mediated allergic reaction
B. Idiosyncratic reaction
C. Immune complex reaction
D. Reaction related to a genetic increase in liver enzyme activity
B. idiosyncratic reaction
Increased production of methemoglobin is due to a decrease in activity of….
A. Cytochrome P450 2B6
B. NADH cytochrome b5 reductase
C. Cytochrome oxidase
D. Cytochrome a3
B. NADH cytochrome b5 reductase
The most common target organ of toxicity is the…
A. Heart
B. Lungs
C. CNS
D. Skin
C. CNS
The organs least involved in systemic toxicity are…
A. Brain and peripheral nerves
B. Muscle and bone
C. Liver and kidney
D. Hematopoietic system and lungs
B. Muscle and bone
If 2 organophosphate insecticides are absorbed into an organism, the results will be…
A. An additive effect
B. A synergistic effect
C. Potentiation of effect
D. Subtraction of effect
A. An additive effect
If ethanol and carbon tetrachloride are chronically absorbed into an organism, the result will be….
A. An additive effect
B. A synergistic effect
C. Potentiation of effect
D. Subtraction of effect
B. A synergistic effect
If isopropyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride are chronically absorbed into an organism, the effect on the liver will be….
A. An additive effect
B. A synergistic effect
C. Potentiation of effect
D. Subtraction of effect
C. Potentiation of effect
The treatment of strychnine-induced convulsions by diazepam is an example of…
A. Chemical antagonism
B. Dispositional antagonism
C. Receptor antagonism
D. Functional antagonism
D. Functional antagonism
The use of antitoxin in the treatment of snakebites is an example of…
A. Dispositional antagonism
B. Chemical antagonism
C. Receptor antagonism
D. Functional antagonism
B. Chemical antagonism
The use of charcoal to prevent the absorption of diazepam is an example of…
A. Dispositional antagonism
B. Chemical antagonism
C. Receptor antagonism
D. Functional antagonism
A. Dispositional antagonism
The use of tamoxifen in certain breast cancers is an example of…
A. Dispositional antagonism
B. Chemical antagonism
C. Receptor antagonism
D. Functional antagonism
C. Receptor antagonism
Chemicals known to produce dispositional tolerances are…
A. Benzene and xylene
B. trichloroethylene and methyl chloride
C. Paraquat and diaquat
D. Carbon tetrachloride and cadmium
D. CCl4 and Cd
The most rapid exposure to a chemical would occur through which route…
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Inhalation
D. Intramuscular
C. Inhalation
A chemical that is toxic to the brain but which is detoxified in the liver would be…
A. More toxic orally than intramuscularly
B. More toxic rectally than intraveniously
C. More toxic via inhalation than orally
D. More toxic on the skin than intraveniously
C. More toxic via inhalation than orally
The LD50 is calculated from…
A. A quantal dose-response curve
B. A hormesis D/R curve
C. A graded D/R curve
D. A log-log D/R curve
A. A quantal D/R curve