Chapter 25 - Environmental Toxicology Flashcards
The concentration of a chemical in an organism divided by the concentration of a chemical in the water in which the organism comes in contact with is called…
A. Biota sediment accumulation factor
B. Organism/water partition co-efficient
C. Food chain ratio
D. Bioconcentration factor
D. Bioconcentration factor
Biomagnification is a/an…
A. Increase in chemical concentration in animal tissue compared to surrounding water
B. Increase in chemical concentration in an organism as it moves up the food chain
C. Increase in the unionized form of a chemical as it enters an organism
D. Sudden availability of previously sequestered chemicals in an organism
B. Increase in chemical concentration in an organism as it moves up the food chain
In a body of water, the insoluble form of a metal is usually in the form of a/an…
A. Chlorate
B. Sulfate
C. Sulfide
D. Bromide
C. Sulfide
All of the following biotransformation enzymes are upregulated by ligand binding to AH receptor except…
A. CYP1A1
B. CYP2E1
C. CYP1A2
D. CYP1B1
B. CYP2E1
The earthworm survival test is used to test the toxicity of…
A. River water
B. Rainwater
C. Soil
D. Groundwater
C. Soil
Lichens are useful to test for the effects of…
A. Air pollution
B. Endocrine disrupters
C. Radiation
D. Oil spills
A. Air pollution
All of the following are true of water-soluble toxicants compared to more lipid-soluble toxicants except…
A. They disperse more in the environment
B. They are less sorbed to soil
C. They are less sorbed to sediments
D. They bioaccumulate
D. They bioaccumulate
Biodegradation of toxicants in the environment occurs primarily by…
A. Mammalian liver metabolism
B. Photochemical reactions
C. Microbial metabolism
D. Chemical reactions on limestone
C. Microbial metabolism
The most common screening test for environmental chemicals is…
A. Acute toxicity
B. Repeat-dose toxicity
C. Carcinogenicity
D. Reproductive toxicity
A. Acute toxicity
In a community, the keystone species is…
A. The population with the largest number
B. The population that has a crucial role
C. The population most sensitive to toxicants
D. The population in danger of extinction
B. The population that has a crucial role
The richness of a community refers to…
A. The number of different species
B. The number of different genera
C. The ratio of the number of animal species to the number of plant species
D. The number of keystone species
A. The number of different species
Evenness of a community refers to…
A. The ratio of keystone species to dominant species
B. The ratio of predators to prey
C. The ratio of carnivores to herbivores
D. How equitably the individuals in a community are spread among the species
D. How equitably the individuals in a community are spread among the species
IBI stands for…
A. Institute of Biotic Information
B. Index of Biological Identity
C. Index of Biotic Integrity
D. Inorganic Biotic Identity
C. Index of Biotic Integrity
Which of the following would be considered a biomarker?
A. Concentration of methylmercury in river water
B. pH of acid rain
C. Concentration of PAH-DNA adducts
D. Number of pregnant rainbow trout
C. Concentration of PAH-DNA adducts
An example of a chemical producing an adverse effect on an animal’s immune function is…
A. Pesticides in amphibians
B. PCBs in channel fish
C. Heavy metals in rainbow trout
D. All of the above
D. All of the above