Chapter 17 - Reproductive Toxicology Flashcards
Gonadal differentiation is dependent on signals from which of the following genes?
A. TES
B. SRY
C. AND
D. CAPUT
B. SRY
Human sexual differentiation begins during gestation week…
A. 2
B. 3
C. 7
D. 10
C. 7
Fetal testicular androgen production is necessary for the development of all of the following except…
A. Testicles
B. Ureter
C. Epididymis
D. Seminal vesicles
B. Ureter
All of the following are true of cryptorchidism except…
A. It follows a recessive pattern of inheritance
B. It occurs in 3% of full-term male births
C. It occurs in 30% of preterm births
D. It is the most common human birth defect
A. It follows a recessive pattern of inheritance
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The female reproductive system is more susceptible to endocrine disruption
B. Both male and female reproductive systems are equally sensitive to endocrine disruption
C. Both male and female reproductive systems are relatively insensitive to endocrine disruption
D. The male reproductive system is more susceptible to endocrine disruption
D. The male reproductive system is more susceptible to endocrine disruption
The stages of puberty in boys and girls are determined by using …
A. Mullerian scale
B. Anogenital distance
C. Serum cortisol levels
D. Tanner stages
D. Tanner stages
Which of the following statements are true?
A. Over the last 40 years, the age of onset of puberty has decreased significantly for boys and girls in most countries in the world
B. Over the last 40 years, the age of onset of puberty has decreased significantly for boys only in most countries in the world
C. Over the last 40 years, the age of onset of puberty has decreased significantly for boys only in the U.S.
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
Direct exposure to estrogens in personal care and natural products can cause…
A. Gynecomastia in boys
B. Arrested adrenarche in girls
C. Testicular and ovarian cancer later in life
D. All of the above
A. Gynecomastia in boys
In the laboratory rat, all of the following are standard landmarks of puberty except…
A. Anogenital distance
B. Male prepubertal separation age
C. Age of vaginal opening
D. Age of first estrus
A. Anogenital distance
All of the following are potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals except…
A. TCCD
B. Acetone
C. Methoxychlor
D. Vinclozolin
B. Acetone
All of the following drugs can affect the production of gonadotropins except…
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Reserpine
C. Chlorpromazine
D. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
Testicular castration will cause…
A. Decreased serum FSH and LH
B. Decreased serum FSH and increased serum LH
C. Increased serum FSH and decreased serum LH
D. Increased serum FSH and LH
D. Increased serum FSH and LH (release of negative feedback).
All of the following are true of ovarian function except…
A. Chemicals that damage oocytes will not lead to reduced fertility
B. About 400 primary ovarian follicles will produce mature ova during a female’s reproductive years
C. Females are born with about 400,000 follicles in each ovary
D. At age 30, about 25,000 oocytes remain
A. Chemicals that damage oocytes will not lead to reduced fertility
All of the following male reproductive target sites-toxicant pairs are correct except…
A. CNS-dopamine antagonists
B. Pituitary-zinc
C. Pineal-melatonin
D. Paternal developmental toxicity-cyclophosphamide
B. Pituitary-zinc
A chemical that inhibits energy metabolism in sperm is…
A. TCE
B. Xylene
C. Epichlorhydrin
D. Styrene
C. Epichlorhydrin
A class of drugs that could cause erectile dysfunction is…
A. NSAIDs
B. Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system
C. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
C. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
The most important hormone in the production of milk is…
A. Serotonin
B. Oxytocin
C. Prolactin
D. Norepinephrine
C. Prolactin
In humans, maintenance of the corpus luteum to produce progesterone during pregnancy is dependent upon…
A. Pituitary hormones
B. Significant increase in full litter loss
C. Increase in breast cancer in offspring at adulthood
D. No effect on pregnancy outcome
B. Significant increase in full litter loss
progesterone is required for pregnancy maintainence