Chapter 18 - Endocrine Toxicology Flashcards
The major inhibitory factor for prolactin release is…
A. Dopamine
B. TRH
C. FSH
D. GH
A. Dopamine
Secretory granules are unique to endocrine cells the produce…
A. Corticosteroids
B. Sex hormones
C. Peptide hormones
D. Aldosterone
C. Peptide hormones
Vasopressin is synthesized primarily in…
A. Acidophils of the adenohypophysis
B. Basophils of the adenohypophysis
C. Chromophobes of the adenohypophysis
D. Supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
D. Supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
Lisuride and bromocriptine act as…
A. Seratonin agonists
B. Dopamine agonists
C. Cholinergic agonists
D. Dopamine antagonists
B. Dopamine agonists
The zona glomerulosa of the adreanal gland primarily produces…
A. Sex hormones
B. Aldosterone
C. Glucocorticoids
D. Catecholamines
B. Aldosterone
All of the following are true of the fetal adrenal cortex in primates except…
A. It produces dehydroepiandrosterone which is converted to estrogen by the placenta
B. Its tissue could be interpreted as a pathologic lesion in a histologic specimen from a neonatal primate
C. It produces parathyroid hormones
D. Following birth, it undergoes a rapid regression with replacement by cells of the postnatal adrenal cortex
C. It produces parathyroid hormones
All of the following are known to induce phospholipidosis except…
A. Phenobarbital
B. Chloroquine
C. Triparanol
D. Chlorphentermine
A. Phenobarbital
Cortexolone acts by…
A. Inhibiting the synthesis of adrenocorticoids
B. Blocking the release of adrenocorticoids
C. Inhibiting the synthesis of mineralcorticoids
D. Blocking the action of adrenocorticoids at peripheral sites
D. Blocking the action of adrenocorticoids at peripheral sites
An assessment of the function of the adrenal cortex is provided by all of the following except…
A. 24-hr urine for cortisol
B. 24-hr urine for metanephrine
C. Morning serum cortisol
D. Cortisol response to exogenous ACTH
B. 24-hr urine for metanephrine
The protein responsible for the transport of iodide into the thyroid follicular lumen is…
A. Activin
B. Pendrin
C. Transportin
D. Connexin
B. Pendrin
Thyroxine is bound to thyroxine-binding globulin in all of the following species except…
A. Monkeys
B. Rats
C. Humans
D. Dogs
B. Rats
The cellular mechanism and duration of action of thyroid hormones is similar to…
A. Prostaglandins
B. Cytokines
C. Steroid hormones
D. Leukotrienes
C. Steroid hormones
Sensitive species for the development of goiters after sulfonamide exposure include all of the following except…
A. Rat
B. Mouse
C. Dog
D. Guinea pig
D. Guinea pig
The most common endocrine neoplasm in humans is…
A. Pituitary carcinoma
B. Adrenal carcinoma
C. Parathyroid carcinoma
D. Thyroid carcinoma
D. Thyroid carcinoma
Increased incidence of thyroid C cell tumors in rats was reported with…
A. A glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist
B. An ACTH antagonist
C. A dopamine agonist
D. An estrogen antagonist
A. A glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist
Mutations in the ret proto-oncogene are involved in the hereditary form of …
A. Parathyroid carcinoma
B. adrenal cortex carcinoma
C. Medullar thyroid carcinoma
D. Islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas
C. Medullar thyroid carcinoma
Five percent of extracellular calcium is complexed to all of the following except…
A. Chloride ion
B. Citrate ion
C. Phosphate ion
D. Biocarbonate ion
A. Chloride ion
A drug causes and increased incidence of ovarian tumor in mice in a 2-year study is…
A. Imipenem
B. Doxycycline
C. Clindamycin
D. Nitrofurantoin
D. Nitrofurantoin
All of the following would lead to increased ovarian tumorigenesis in mice except…
A. Exogenous estrogen administration
B. Cytotoxic drugs or radiation
C. Genetic absence of ovarian follicles
D. Autoimmune destruction of oocyte
A. Exogenous estrogen administration
Experimental diabetes mellitus in animals can be produced by destroying beta cells with…
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Streptozocin
C. Phenylbutazone
D. Phenyramidol
B. Streptozocin
All of the following drugs have been asso w/ acute pancreatitis except…
A. Propanolol
B. Azathioprine
C. Thiazides
D. Lisinopril
A. Propanolol
Hormones secreted from the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas include all of the following except…
A. Insulin
B. Somatostatin
C. Gastrin
D. Glucagon
C. Gastrin
All of the following inhibit adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis except…
A. Metyapone
B. Lithium
C. Aminoglutethimide
D. Mitotane (o’p’-DDD)
B. Lithium
Tests that assess the metabolic effects of thyroid hormone include all of the following except…
A. Systolic time interval
B. Aspartate transferase
C. Basal metabolic rate
D. Serum cholesterol.
B. Aspartate transferase
Actions of vasopressin include all of the following except…
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Calcium excretion
C. Free water reabsorption
D. Corticotropin secretion
B. Calcium excretion
All of the following are asso w oxytocin except…
A. Enhanced sexual arousal in males
B. Incerased tolerance to pain
C. Reduced anxiety
D. Uterine relaxation in late labor
D. Uterine relaxation in late labor
All of the following will increase growth hormone levels except…
A. Arginine
B. L-Dopa
C. Somatostatin
D, clonidine
C. Somatostatin
Which of the following hormone-effect pairs is incorrect?
A. ACTH-secretion of glucacorticoids
B. Prolactin-synthesis of melanin
C. TSH-secretion of thyroid hormone
D. Growth hormone-promotes growth
B. Prolactin-synthesis of melanin
Which of the following hormone-chemical class pairs is incorrect?
A. Prostaglandins-fatty acids
B. Insulin-protein
C.THR-biogenic amines
D. Estrogen-steroids
C.THR-biogenic amines
All of the following are true regarding calcium in the human body except…
A. The cytosolic calcium conc is 10,000 x higher than the extracellular fluid conc
B. 90% of body calcium is present in bone
C. Free calcium in serum will increase the presence of acidosis
D. Protein-bound calcium is predominantly on albumin
A. The cytosolic calcium conc is 10,000 x higher than the extracellular fluid conc
Which of the following will affect the parathyroid glands the least?
A. Ozone
B. Aluminum
C. L-asparaginase
D. Sulfur dioxide
D. Sulfur dioxide
A drug/chemical that appears to cause an increased incidence of parathyroid adenocarcinomas in rats is…
A. Aminodarone
B. minocycline
C. Nicardipine
D. Rotenone
D. Rotenone
Recombinant human parathyroid hormone…
A. Is a treatment for hypercalcemia
B. is asso w/ osteosarcoma in rats
C. Is a treatment for Paget’s disease
D. Is asso w/ hypertension in humans
B. is asso w/ osteosarcoma in rats
All of the following are true of parathyroid hormone-related protein except…
A. It is present in human tumors
B. It plays a role in Ca balance in the fetus
C. It has no structural similarity to parathyroid hormone
D. It is found in high conc. in milk
C. It has no structural similarity to parathyroid hormone
A contaminant of drinking water from combustible products that can inhibit the transport of iodide into the thyroid is…
A. Sulfuric acid
B. Lead
C. Perchlorate
D. None of the above
C. Perchlorate
Chemicals/drugs that inhibit the organification of thyroglobulin include all of the following except…
A. Thiourea
B. Sulfonamides
C. Methimazole
D. Furosemide
D. Furosemide
A xenobiotic that inhibits thyroid hormone release is…
A. Atrazide
B. Lithium
C. DDT
D. Arsenic
B. Lithium
Which of the following statements is not correct?
A. Phenobarbital treatment in rats can increase serum TSH by inducing glucuronidation enzymes
B. Phenobarbital is a thyroid gland tumor promoter in some animal studies
C. Epileptic patients on phenobarbital do not have an increased risk of thyroid neoplasms
D. Epileptic patients on phenobarbital have an increased risk of liver neoplasms
D. Epileptic patients on phenobarbital have an increased risk of liver neoplasms
Mechanisms of toxicity to the adrenal cortex include all of the following except..
A. Activation of the fetal adrenal gland
B. Impaired steroidogenesis
C. Toxin-activation by P450 enzymes
D. Lipidosis-producing chemicals
A. Activation of the fetal adrenal gland
Captopril is…
A. An inhibitor of cholesterol ACYL transferase
B. An inhibitor of 21-alpha hydroxylase
C. An inhibitor of tryosine hydroxylase
D. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme
D. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme
Adrenal medullary proliferation tumors are called…
A. Adrenal adenomas
B. Pheochromocytomas
C. Mesotheliomas
D. None of the above
B. Pheochromocytomas
A xenobiotic asso w/ causing pituitary tumors in humans is…
A. Phenobarbital
B. Bromocriptine
C. Cobalt
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
The active transport of iodide anion can be inhibited by…
A. Thiocyanate
B. Bicarbonate
C. Lactate
D. Acetate
A. Thiocyanate
A food additive that causes inhibition of 5’-monodeiodinase in the rat is…
A. Red dye #3
B. Orange B
C. Yellow #5
D. Blue #1
A. Red dye #3
Papillary thyroid carcinoma in humans is strongly related to…
A. Polio virus
B. Rifampin
C. Radiation exposure
D. TCDD
C. Radiation exposure
The observed gender differences in thyroid cancer prevalence in humans suggests that…
A. Androgens play a role in tumorigenesis
B. Estrogens play a role in tumorigenesis
C. Body weight plays a role in tumorigenesis
D. Age plays a role in tumorigenesis
B. Estrogens play a role in tumorigenesis
Thyroid C cells are known to have receptors for hormones produced in…
A. Adrenal medulla
B. CNS
C. Gastrointestinal tract
D. Kidney
C. Gastrointestinal tract
Calcium conc in body fluids is regulated by all of the following except…
A. Calcitonin
B. Vitamin D
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Angiotensin II
D. Angiotensin II
The most common endocrine organ to be affected by chemicals is…
A. Pancreas
B. Parathyroid gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pituitary gland
C. Adrenal gland
Pituitary tumors in rats are caused by…
A. Hydrocortisone
B. Calcitonin
C. Angiotensin II
D. None of the above
B. Calcitonin
Which of the following is true regarding Leydig cell tumors?
A. They are the most common testicular neoplasm in humans
B. They are caused by xenobiotics with androgen agonist activity
C. 90% of human tumors are malignant
D. The rat is an inappropriate model for assessing risk of xenobiotic-induced tumors in humans
D. The rat is an inappropriate model for assessing risk of xenobiotic-induced tumors in humans
All of the following are true of raloxifene except…
A. It is asso w/ increased risk of ovarian cancer in women
B. It is an estrogen agonist on bone and estrogen antagonist on breast
C. It increases circulating LH levels in mice
D. It is asso w/ ovarian tumor development in mice
A. It is asso w/ increased risk of ovarian cancer in women
