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ABT Test > Chapter 21 - Pesticides > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Pesticides Flashcards

0
Q

Human male reproductive effects have been demonstrated after exposure to…

A. Permethrin

B. Chlordecone

C. Piperonyl butoxide

D. None of the above

A

B. Chlordecone

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1
Q

An adjunct in the treatment of organophorus poisoning is…

A. Morphine

B. Aminophylline

C. Prochlorperazine

D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

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2
Q

Which of the following is the most commonly used rodenticide?

A. Strychnine

B. Alpha-napthyltiourea

C. Rotenone

D. Anticoagulants

A

D. Anticoagulants

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3
Q

Which of the following is a plant growth regulator?

A. Gibberellic acid

B. Glyphosate

C. Simazine

D. Asulam

A

A. Gibberellic acid

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4
Q

Many of the organochlorine insecticides are no longer in use because of…

A. Environmental persistence

B. Bioaccumulation

C. Cancer in lab animals

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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5
Q

Piperonyl butoxide…

A. Is synergistic with pyrethins

B. Has additive activity to pyrethrins

C. Is a renal toxicant

D. In lab animals, initial induction of P450 is followed by inhibition

A

A. Is synergistic with pyrethins

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6
Q

Which of the following has caused thyroid carcinoma in lab animals?

A. Warfarin

B. Zineb

C. Chlordecone

D. Dieldrin

A

B. Zineb

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7
Q

The cause of death in acute organophosphate poisoning is usually…

A. Respiratory failure

B. Cardiac arrhythmia

C. Status epilepticus

D. Hypothermia

A

A. Respiratory failure

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8
Q

All of the following are true of individuals with a genetic predisposition for an abnormal plasma cholinesterase except…

A. They have prolonged paralysis after succinylcholine

B. They have a normal response to curare

C. They are more susceptible to organophosphates

D. Dibucaine number is a measure of activity

A

C. They are more susceptible to organophosphates

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9
Q

The least toxic agent in terms of oral LD50 is…

A. Parathion

B. Alpha-naphthylthiourea

C. Aldicarb

D. Resmethin

A

D. Resmethin

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10
Q

There have been conflicting studies about the relationship between DDE serum levels and…

A. Breast cancer

B. Osteosarcoma

C. Dementia

D. Acute leukemia

A

A. Breast cancer

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11
Q

All of the following organochlorine pesticides are still in use in the US except…

A. Dicofol

B. Chlodecone

C. Endosulfan

D. Lindane

A

B. Chlodecone

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12
Q

The advantage of 2-PAM over atropine in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning is…

A. It is helpful in arrhythmias

B. It suppresses seizures

C. It acts at the neuromuscular junction

D. It prevents delayed neuropathy

A

C. It acts at the neuromuscular junction

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13
Q

Poisoning with chlordecone has been treated with…

A. Cholestyramine

B. Propranolol

C. 2-PAM

D. None of the above

A

A. Cholestyramine

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14
Q

The mechanism of action of sodium fluoroacetate is…

A. Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

B. Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase

C. Inhibition of aconitase

D. Inhibition of DNA polymerase

A

C. Inhibition of aconitase

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15
Q

The acute toxicity of which of the following compounds has been proposed to be due to the presence of surfactant in their formulations?

A. Captan and folpat

B. Glyphosate and glufosinate

C. Atrazine and simazine

D. Alachlor and metolachlor

A

B. Glyphosate and glufosinate

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16
Q

The primary toxicity of elemental sulfur exposure in humans is…

A. Dermatitis

B. Skin cancer

C. Immune supression

D. Polycythemia

A

A. Dermatitis

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17
Q

All of the following are true of DDT except…

A. Convulsions can occur in severe poisoning

B. The liver is the target organ

C. An early symptom of exposure in humans is hyperesthesia

D. It is a cyclohexane derivative

A

D. It is a cyclohexane derivative

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18
Q

The presence of dimethylphosphate in urine is an indication of exposure to…

A. Propoxur

B. Dichlorvos

C. Fenvalerate

D. Heptachlor

A

B. Dichlorvos

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19
Q

Paraquat…

A. Is a rodenticide

B. Interferes with calcium channels

C. Is well absorbed orally

D. Is transported into the lung

A

D. Is transported into the lung

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20
Q

Which of the following is true of diaquat?

A. It is bone marrow toxic

B. It causes cataracts in animals

C. It is teratogenic

D. It accumulates in the liver

A

B. It causes cataracts in animals

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21
Q

2,4, D…

A. Is called Agent Orange

B. Is chemically similar to auxin

C. Has been formulated to contain up to 70% TCDD

D. Is a chloroacetanilide herbacide

A

B. Is chemically similar to auxin

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22
Q

DEET…

A. Is cardiotoxic

B. Inhibits photosynthesis

C. Is widely used and has a good safety record

D. Has a high incidence of dermatitis

A

C. Is widely used and has a good safety record

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23
Q

All of the following are true of imidocloprid except…

A. It is structurally similar to nicotine

B. It has selective toxicity for insects over mammals

C. It can be toxic to birds

D. It has been banned worldwide

A

D. It has been banned worldwide

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24
Q

Lepidopteran is an example of a…

A. Preemergent herbicide

B. Phermone

C. Recently introduced pesticide

D. Banned fungicide

A

B. Phermone

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25
Q

A mechanism of action for organotin fungicide is…

A. Stimulation of apoptosis

B. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase

C. Binding of cytochrome B1

D. Binding to ATP synthase

A

D. Binding to ATP synthase

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26
Q

The toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is called…

A. Delta-endotoxin

B. Bufotalin

C. Bactrachotoxin

D. Ciguatoxin

A

A. Delta-endotoxin

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27
Q

The mechanism of action of triazine herbacides is…

A. Activation of auxin receptor

B. Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport

C. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis

D. Inhibition of microtubule assembly

A

B. Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport

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28
Q

Which of the following is true of an uncoupler of mitochondrial respiration?

A. Increase in pH of cytoplasm

B. Carboxyhemoglobin increases in red cells

C. Oxygen consumption increases and ATP production decreases

D. None of the above

A

C. Oxygen consumption increases and ATP production decreases

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29
Q

All of the following are symptoms of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning except…

A. Muscle twitching

B. Diarrhea

C. Mydriasis

D. Vomiting

A

C. Mydriasis

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30
Q

Oxine therapy 24 hrs after exposure to methyoxychlor is useless because…

A. Of the process of aging

B. Irreversible damage has occurred by 24 hrs

C. It takes at least 48 hrs for the active metabolite of methoxychlor to cause toxicity

D. Oxines are not indicated in organophosphorus insecticide toxicity

A

D. Oxines are not indicated in organophosphorus insecticide toxicity

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31
Q

Methods to measure exposure to organophosphorus insecticides include…

A. Red cell acetylcholinesterase

B. Pseudocholinesterase in plasma

C. Organophosphorus metabolites in urine

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

32
Q

A syndrome of muscle weakness that occurs one to several days after acute poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides is called…

A. Nicotine syndrome

B. Intermediate syndrome

C. Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropthy

D. Serotonin syndrome

A

B. Intermediate syndrome

33
Q

The site of action for the toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides in causing organophosporus-induced delayed polyneuropathy is…

A. Myelin

B. Nicotine receptor

C. Neuropathy target esterase

D. Cytochrome P450 2E1

A

C. Neuropathy target esterase

34
Q

As a class, which of the following are most acutely toxic?

A. Insecticides

B. Rodenticides

C. Herbacides

D. Fungicides

A

A. Insecticides

35
Q

Worldwide, the highest percentage of poisoning deaths is due to…

A. Glyphosate and DEET

B. Triazines and alachlor

C. Paraquat and cholinesterase inhibitors

D. Rotenone and sodium fluoroacetate

A

C. Paraquat and cholinesterase inhibitors

36
Q

Which of the following is true of OP insecticides that contain a sulfur bond to phosphorus?

A. They require bioactivation for activity

B. They are the most potent inhibitorsmof cytochrome oxidase known

C. There is no effective antidote

D. The nerve gas sarin is an example

A

A. They require bioactivation for activity

37
Q

Which of the following is a carbamate insecticide?

A. Metamidophos

B. Diazinon

C. Aldicarb

D. All of the above

A

C. Aldicarb

38
Q

Carbamates differ from OPs in that…

A. Cholinesterase inhibition is transient and reversible by carbamates

B. Oxines are generally not used in carbamate poisoning

C. Carbamylated acetylcholinesterase does not ‘age’

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

39
Q

All of the following are true of pyrethrins except…

A. They have low mammalian toxicity

B. They have high insecticidal potency

C. They require bioactivation

D. They have low environmental persistence

A

C. They require bioactivation

40
Q

The mode of action of pyrethroids is mediated through…

A. Calcium channels

B. Potassium channels

C. Sodium channels

D. None of the above

A

C. Sodium channels

41
Q

Type II pyrethroid insecticides differ from type 1 compounds in the presence of…

A. Fluoride atoms

B. Cyclopropyl groups

C. Cyano groups

D. Imidazole nucleus

A

C. Cyano groups

42
Q

A distinguishing feature of type II pyrethroid toxicity in rats is the presence of…

A. Behavioral arousal

B. Clonic seizures

C. Aggressive sparring

D. Increase startle response

A

B. Clonic seizures

43
Q

The mechanism of toxicity of DDT is similar to that of …

A. Allethrin

B. Carbaryl

C. Chlorpyrifos

D. Malathion

A

A. Allethrin

44
Q

Lindane and cyclodiene insecticides have toxicity mediated through…

A. Inhibition of cytochrome P450

B. Retinoic acid receptors

C. GABA receptor antagonism

D. Increase in extracellular calcium

A

C. GABA receptor antagonism

45
Q

All of the following are true of chlordecone except…

A. It causes tumors in humans

B. It works by antagonism at the nicotine receptor

C. It is excreted in the bile

D. It is an inducer of P450

A

B. It works by antagonism at the nicotine receptor

46
Q

The mechanism of action of rotenone is…

A. Blockade of sodium channels

B. Stimulation of glutamate receptors

C. Blockade of GABA receptors

D. Inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain

A

D. Inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain

47
Q

All of the following are true of nicotine except…

A. Nicotine overdose both stimulates and paralyzes acetylcholine receptors

B. Atropine is an antidote

C. Dermal absorption could be significant

D. Signs and symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and tachycardia

A

B. Atropine is an antidote

48
Q

All of the following are true of neonicotinoids except…

A. Their use is increasing

B. They are more selective for insect receptors than mammal receptors

C. Their main drawback is that as a class, they are mutagenic

D. Examples are imidacloprid and nitenpyram

A

C. Their main drawback is that as a class, they are mutagenic

49
Q

All of the following are true of formanidines except…

A. Signs of poisoning include hypertension, tachycardia, and hypoglycemia

B. Yohimbe is a theoretical antidote

C. In invertebrates, they are active octopamine-dependent adenylate cyclase

D. Amitraz is an example

A

A. Signs of poisoning include hypertension, tachycardia, and hypoglycemia

50
Q

All of the following are true of avermectins except…

A. They can be synthesized by a fungus

B. They activate glutamate-dependent chloride channels in insects

C. They can activate GABA receptors in vertebrates

D. They are strong inhibitors of cytochrome P450 1A1

A

D. They are strong inhibitors of cytochrome P450 1A1

51
Q

Piperonyl butoxide is added to increase the effect of…

A. Formamidines

B. Neonicotinoids

C. Pyrethroids

D. Avermectins

A

C. Pyrethroids

52
Q

Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole, acts by…

A. Blocking sodium channels

B. Stimulating glutamate receptors

C. Blocking picrotoxin-binding site used by organochlorines

D. Blocking GABA-gated chloride channels

A

D. Blocking GABA-gated chloride channels

53
Q

All of the following are true of Bacillus thuringienes except…

A. It is classified as a biobesticide

B. It requires activation at a pH less than 3

C. It is the most commonly used pesticide in its class

D. It has low mammalian toxicity

A

B. It requires activation at a pH less than 3

54
Q

Citronella, DEET and picaridin are classified as…

A. Insecticides

B. herbicides

C. Insect repellants

D. Fungicides

A

C. Insect repellants

55
Q

All of the following are true of 2, 4-D except…

A. It is toxic to broad-leaved plants but not grasses

B. It is highly contaminated with TCDD

C. Urine alkalinization accelerates its clearance

D. It is used extensively throughout the world

A

B. It is highly contaminated with TCDD

56
Q

All of the following are true of paraquat except…

A. Most fatalities are secondary to dermal exposure

B. It may cause toxicity by redox cycling

C. Its target organs are lung and kidney

D. It is classified as a contact herbicide

A

A. Most fatalities are secondary to dermal exposure

57
Q

All of the following are true of diaquat except…

A. It does not accumulate in the lung

B. It has some chemical similarity to paraquat

C. It is renal toxic

D. It is a human carcinogen

A

D. It is a human carcinogen

58
Q

Chloroacetanilides…

A. Are rodenticides

B. Produce tumors at multiple locations in rats

C. Are asso w/ reproductive toxicity in humans

D. Include chlordimeform and amitraz as representative compounds

A

B. Produce tumors at multiple locations in rats

59
Q

Triazine herbicides…

A. Are classified as contact herbicides

B. Inhibit oxidative phosphorylation

C. Have low acute oral and dermal toxicity

D. Do not have a ring in their chemical structure

A

C. Have low acute oral and dermal toxicity

60
Q

All of the following are true of glyphosate except…

A. It inhibits a metabolic pathway not present in mammals

B. It is widely used worldwide

C. It is selective for grasses over weeds

D. It has a phosphorus atom in its chemical structure

A

C. It is selective for grasses over weeds

61
Q

Captam and folpert are structurally similar to…

A. Thalidomide

B. Phencyclidine

C. Morphine

D. Urea

A

A. Thalidomide

62
Q

All of the following are true of dithiocarbamates except…

A. Maneb has been asso w/ Parkinson’s disease

B. They are structurally similar to disulfiram

C. They are postemergent herbicides

D. Some are asso w/ metal cations

A

C. They are postemergent herbicides

63
Q

The fungicide with the lowest toxicity is…

A. Triphenyltin

B. Copper sulfate

C. Methylmercury

D. Hexachlorobenzene

A

B. Copper sulfate

64
Q

All of the following are classified as rodenticides except…

A. Red squill

B. Warfarin

C. Glufosinate

D. Sodium fluoroacetate

A

C. Glufosinate

65
Q

Methyl bromide…

A. Is an oderless gas

B. May deplete the ozone layer

C. Is used as a fumigant

D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

66
Q

Sarin is a…

A. Rodenticide

B. carbamate insecticide

C. Triazine herbicide

D. Cholinesterase inhibitor

A

D. Cholinesterase inhibitor

67
Q

Fenvalerate is a/an…

A. Dithiocarbamate fungicide

B. Chloroacetanilide herbicide

C. Pyrethroid insecticide

A

C. Pyrethroid insecticide

68
Q

2, 4, 5-T is a/an…

A. Chlorphenoxy acid herbicide

B. Organochlorine insecticide

C. Cholinesterase inhibitor

D. Benzimidazole fungicide

A

A. Chlorphenoxy acid herbicide

69
Q

Acetochlor is a/an…

A. Neonicotinoid insecticide

B. triazine herbicide

C. Chloroacetanilide herbicide

D. Pyrethroid insecticide

A

C. Chloroacetanilide herbicide

70
Q

Carbofuran is a/an…

A. Dithiocarbamate fungicide

B. Carbamate insecticide

C. Rodenticide

D. Benzimidazole fungicide

A

B. Carbamate insecticide

71
Q

Propazine is a/an…

A. Triazine herbicide

B. cholinesterase inhibitor

C. Pyrethroid insecticide

D. Bipyridyl herbicide

A

A. Triazine herbicide

72
Q

Endrin is a/an…

A. Rodenticide

B. organochlorine insecticide

C. Chloroacetanilide herbicide

D. Carbamate insecticide

A

B. organochlorine insecticide

73
Q

Thiram is a/an…

A. Chlorophenoxy acid herbicide

B. pyrethroid insecticide

C. Neonicotinoid insecticide

D. Dithiocarbamate fungicide

A

D. Dithiocarbamate fungicide

74
Q

Nithiazine is a/an…

A. Neonicotinoid insecticide

B. triazine herbicide

C. Bipyridyl herbicide

D. Carbamate insecticide

A

A. Neonicotinoid insecticide

75
Q

Benomyl is a/an…

A. Bipyridyl herbicide

B. pyrethroid insecticide

C. Cholinesterase inhibitor

D. Benzimidaole fungicide

A

D. Benzimidaole fungicide

76
Q

Chlorothalonil is a/an…

A. Neonicotinoid insecticide

B. Halogenated benzonitrile fungicide

C. Rodenticide

D. Organochlorine insecticide

A

B. Halogenated benzonitrile fungicide

77
Q

Norbormide is a/an…

A. Halogenated benzonitrile fungicide

B. rodenticide

C. Bipyridyl herbicide

D. Pyrethroid insecticide

A

B. rodenticide

78
Q

Diaquat is a/an…

A. Dithiocarbamate fungicide

B. pyrethroid insecticide

C. Bipyridyl herbicide

D. Carbamate insecticide

A

C. Bipyridyl herbicide

ABT Test (32 decks)

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