Chapter 22 - Animal Toxicology Flashcards
The larger macromolecules of snake venom are probably…
A. Transported by OAT
B. Broken down by enzymes in the subcutaneous tissue to small components
C. Never absorbed but act locally
D. Absorbed through the lymphatics
D. Absorbed through the lymphatics
Toxins produced by poisonous animals usually are derived…
A. From photochemical reactions
B. From altered purine and pyrimidine synthesis
C. From the food chain
D. From chemicals in the soil and water
C. From the food chain
Envenomation from Centruroides genus of scorpion in children produces…
A. Nystagmus, tachycardia, fasciculations
B. Bradycardia, dry mouth, hypothermia
C. Fever, sweating dilated pupils
D. Blindness, polyuria, jaundice
A. Nystagmus, tachycardia, fasciculations
The omega-agatoxins have selectivity for vertebrate…
A. Calcium channels
B. Potassium channels
C. Sodium channels
D. Chloride channels
A. Calcium channels
The spider genus that causes the longest pain duration after biting a human is…
A. Steatoda
B. Lamponidae
C. Loxosceles
D. Latrodectus
D. Latrodectus
Which of the following genus of spiders produces a skin lesion up to 10 cm wide with muscle invasion and necrosis after envenomation?
A. Loxosceles
B. Agelenopsis
C. Latrodectus
D. Theraphosidae
A. Loxosceles
All of the following are true of tarantula bites except…
A. Death occurs in 10% of cases
B. Cramps and muscle spasms can occur
C. The venom contains peptides
D. Local pain, itching and tenderness can occur
D. Local pain, itching and tenderness can occur
All of the following are true of ticks except…
A. The saliva contains toxins
B. They will suck blood for 24 h or more before injecting saliva
C. The bite is often not felt
D. Skin lesions may not appear until several days after the bite
B. They will suck blood for 24 h or more before injecting saliva
Centipede bites…
A. Causes seizures
B. Produces pulmonary toxicity
C. Release a cardiac toxin that mimics cholinergic stimulation
D. Can cause liver failure
C. Release a cardiac toxin that mimics cholinergic stimulation
Eye injuries can result from toxins sprayed by…
A. Brown recluse spiders
B. Centipedes
C. Scorpions
D. Millipedes
D. Millipedes
All of the following are frog and/or toad toxins except…
A. Saxitoxin
B. Bufotoxin
C. Bactrachotoxin
D. Histrionicotoxin
A. Saxitoxin
Three of the following animals produce a venom with similar effects. The animal with a venom that has a different mechanism of action is…
A. Rattlesnake
B. Salamander
C. Water moccasin
D. Copperhead
B. Salamander
The toxin of the pufferfish concentrates in…
A. Brain and nerves
B. Heart and skeletal muscle
C. Liver and ovaries
D. Kidney and eye
C. Liver and ovaries
The toxin in the pufferfish causes death by…
A. Hyperthermia
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Respiratory paralysis
D. Liver failure
C. Respiratory paralysis
The toxin from the sea snake…
A. Is one of the most potent vertebrate toxins
B. Is only harmful to animals
C. Is a mixture of non-proteins
D. None of the above
A. Is one of the most potent vertebrate toxins
All of the following are true of the Portuguese man-of-war except…
A. An effective antivenom exists
B. Death can occur from stings
C. Acetic acid has no effect on relief of symptoms
D. Topical lidocaine can be used to reduce pain
A. An effective antivenom exists
All of the following are true of sea urchins except…
A. Most urchins cannot inject venom into humans
B. Two species from the Pacific Ocean can inflict serious envenomations
C. They are in the phylum Mollusca
D. Most stings from urchins result in primarily mechanical injuries
C. They are in the phylum Mollusca
All of the following types of bony fish are toxin-producing except…
A. Boxfish
B. Rabbitfish
C. Scorpionfish
D. Koi
D. Koi
All of the following snakes release significant neurotoxins except…
A. Eastern diamond-back rattlesnake
B. Coral
C. Cobra
D. Mamba
A. Eastern diamond-back rattlesnake
The alkaloid toxins of several brightly-colored poison dart frogs come from…
A. Photochemical reactions in their skin
B. A diet of certain ants
C. Swimming in collections of toxic algae
D. A diet of seeds containing cyanide
B. A diet of certain ants
A coagulopathy could result from envenomation from certain species of South American…
A. Spiders
B. Moths
C. Scorpions
D. Ants
B. Moths