Chapter 23 - Toxicology of Plants Flashcards
In Rhus radicans (poison ivy), the contact allergen is…
A. Urushiol
B. Capsaicin
C. Usnic acid
D. Ergot
A. Urushiol
Euphorbia marginata (snow-on-the-mountain) causes contact dermatitis by excreting…
A. Phenols
B. Benzaldehyde
C. Fatty acids
D. Latex
D. Latex
The most common event that usually occurs from ingestion of a toxic plant is…
A. Asthma
B. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
C. Skin rash
D. Mental confusion
B. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Saint Anthony’s fire is due to the ingestion of…
A. Mushrooms
B. Ricin
C. Ergot alkaloids
D. Wisteria
C. Ergot alkaloids
A toxin that increases the cough reflex is…
A. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
B. Brucine
C. Caulophylline
D. Capsaicin
D. Capsaicin
A toxin produced by the poppy plant that intercalates DNA is…
A. Ptaquiloside
B. Sanguinarine
C. Silymarin
D. Ochratoxin A
B. Sanguinarine
The false morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta has been asso w/ …
A. Leukemia
B. Gangrene
C. Hepatitis
D. Increased cardiac contractions
C. Hepatitis
The mechanism of action of ricin is…
A. Inhibition of protein synthesis
B. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
C. Increasing intracellular calcium
D. Activation of protooncogenes
A. Inhibition of protein synthesis
Mad honey poisoning is due to…
A. Grayanotoxin
B. Convallatoxin
C. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
D. 4-ipomeanol
A. Grayanotoxin
Cascara sagrada has medicinal use as…
A. An antidepressant
B. A laxative
C. A phytoestrogen
D. An antidiarrheal
B. A laxative
The alkaloids in Symphytum cause a human condition that resembles…
A. Pott’s disease
B. TSS
C. Addison’s disease
D. Budd-Chiari syndrome
D. Budd-Chiari syndrome
In cattle, ingestion of Lantana camara (Verbenacea) causes…
A. Cholestasis
B. Abortions
C. Abnormal behavior
D. Renal failure
A. Cholestasis
Veratrum alkaloids cause…
A. Hepatitis
B. Bradycardia
C. Bladder tumors
D. Lung fibrosis
B. Bradycardia
Squill and lily of the valley contain…
A. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
B. Teratogens
C. Cardiac glycosides
D. Inner ear toxins
C. Cardiac glycosides
American mistletoe contains…
A. Jervine
B. Phoratoxin
C. Abrin-a
D. Aconitine
B. Phoratoxin
Datura species of houseplant contains…
A. Strychnine
B. Muscarinic agents
C. Anticholinergic agents
D. Sympathomimetic agents
C. Anticholinergic agents
A toxic ingredient in locoweed is…
A. Atropine
B. Domoic acid
C. Ibotenic acid
D. Swainsonine
D. Swainsonine
All of the following are excitatory amino acids except…
A. Jervine
B. Domoic acid
C. Ibotenic acid
D. Willardine
A. Jervine
Seizures have been asso w/ all of the following except…
A. Parsley family of plants
B. Spurge family of plants
C. Mint family of plants
D. Species of Strychnos
B. Spurge family of plants
Dicumarol is a fungal metabolite that causes…
A. Arrhythmias
B. Seizures
C. Hallucinations
D. Bleeding
D. Bleeding
Lysergic acid derivatives are produced by…
A. Amantia mushrooms
B. Gyromitra mushrooms
C. Fusarium fungus
D. Acremonium fungus
D. Acremonium fungus
Ochratoxin is a/an…
A. Positive ionotropic agent
B. immunosuppressant
C. Lung toxin
D. Cholinergic agent
B. immunosuppressant
Linamarin is a/an…
A. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid
B. Cardioactive glycoside
C. Cyanogenic glucoside
D. Fungal metabolite
C. Cyanogenic glucoside
Motor neuron demyelination results from ingestion of…
A. Cassava
B. Strychnos genus
C. Linamarin
D. Anthracenones
D. Anthracenones
All of the following contain anticholinergic alkaloids except…
A. Henbane
B. Oleander
C. Deadly nightshade
D. Jimsonweed
B. Oleander
Aconitine causes toxicity by….
A. Stimulating GABA receptors
B. Opening Ca channels
C. Prolonging sodium current in cardiac muscle
D. Inhibiting glycine receptors
C. Prolonging sodium current in cardiac muscle
Taxol is present in…
A. Autumn crocus
B. Western yew
C. Glory lily
D. May apple
B. Western yew
A toxin present in potatoes and tomatoes is…
A. Cholchicine
B. Vinblastine
C. Solanine
D. Podophyllotoxin
C. Solanine
Abrin mechanistically most resembles…
A. Ricin
B. Linamarin
C. Caulophylline
D. Scopolamine
A. Ricin
Methyllycaconitine mechanistically most resembles…
A. Physostigmine
B. Digitalis
C. Atropine
D. Curare
D. Curare
Monomethylhydrazine is found in…
A. Algae
B. Lichens
C. Ferns
D. Mushrooms
D. Mushrooms
Psilocybin is known to mostly affect which brain receptor?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Dopamine
C. GABA
D. Serotonin
D. Serotonin
Rhubarb, mother-in-law’s tongue and philodendron all contain…
A. Oxalate
B. Cyanide
C. Nicotine
D. Atropine
A. Oxalate
Microcystin’s mechanism of action may be…
A. Biliary stasis
B. Portal vein thrombosis
C. Destruction of liver cytoskeleton
D. T-cell mediated
C. Destruction of liver cytoskeleton
Uncooked wild nontoxic mushrooms can be toxic to…
A. Adults
B. Children
C. Diabetics
D. Asthmatics
B. Children
The least common toxicity from plant ingestion is…
A. Hepatic toxicity
B. Pancreatic toxicity
C. Cardiac toxicity
D. Dermatitis
B. Pancreatic toxicity
All of the following are made by plants except…
A. Opiates
B. Cocaine
C. Benzodiazepines
D. Hallucinogens
C. Benzodiazepines
Which of the following chemical classes is least likely to be a plant toxin?
A. Alcohols
B. alkaloids
C. Gylcosides
D. Hydrocarbons
D. Hydrocarbons
Ingestion of daffodil bulbs would first produce…
A. Gastrointestinal symptoms
B. Cardiac symptoms
C. Neurologic symptoms
D. Photosensitivity
A. Gastrointestinal symptoms
Dumbcane contains oxalate which acts as a…
A. Neurotoxin
B. Cardiac toxin
C. Hematologic toxin
D. Mucus membrane contact irritant
D. Mucus membrane contact irritant
Physostigmine would be considered as an antidote for ingestion of…
A. Vrocus
B. Water hemlock
C. Angel’s trumpet
D. Locoweed
C. Angel’s trumpet
Ergovaline inhibits…
A. Insulin release
B. Prolactin release
C. Vasopressin release
D. Aldosterone release
B. Prolactin release
An abortifacient present in tropical legimes is…
A. Mimosine
B. Anagyrine
C. Thermopsine
D. Jervine
A. Mimosine
Which of the following findings would be least likely to be found as a primary disease in a person who ingested Amantia?
A. Liver pathology
B. Brain pathology
C. Kidney pathology
D. Intestinal pathology
B. Brain pathology
All of the following are manifestations of belladonna alkaloid poisoning except…
A. Dry mouth
B. Dilated pupils
C. Hallucinations
D. Bronchospasm
D. Bronchospasm
Cattle consuming Solanum malacoxylon (Solanocene) develop a disease similar to…
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Addison’s disease
C. Vitamin D intoxication
D. SIADH
C. Vitamin D intoxication
The mechanism of action of podophyllotoxin is similar to…
A. Ricin
B. Rotenone
C. Cholchicine
D. Oubain
C. Cholchicine
Ricin comes from…
A. Lily of the valley
B. Castor bean plant
C. Oleander
D. Wisteria
B. Castor bean plant
All of the following produce alkaloids that affect the heart except…
A. European hellebore
B. Monkshood
C. Petunia
D. Rhododendron
C. Petunia
Saint Anthony’s fire is produced by…
A. Arsenic
B. Clavicepts purpurea
C. False morel mushrooms
D. Lantana camara
B. Clavicepts purpurea
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are asso w/ …
A. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
B. Hallucinations
C. Renal failure
D. All of the above
A. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
All of the following contribute to the variability in toxin produced by a plant except…
A. Varying toxin concentration in different parts of the plant
B. Age of the plant
C. Climate and soil
D. Type of local herbivore
D. Type of local herbivore
A cross sensitivity between individuals allergic to latex gloves and some plant components is known as…
A. Latex-root syndrome
B. Latex-leaf syndrome
C. Latex-fruit syndrome
D. Latex-seed syndrome
C. Latex-fruit syndrome
A potential human hepatotoxin produced by lichens is…
A. Domoic acid
B. Usnic acid
C. Butyric acid
D. Carbolic acid
B. Usnic acid
Saint John’s wort can cause which of the following in sheep?
A. Photosensitivity
B. Infertility
C. Renal failure
D. Abnormal behavior
A. Photosensitivity
4-ipomeanol causes which type of toxicity in animals?
A. Liver and pancreatic
B. Lung and renal
C. Heart and muscle
D. Neurologic
B. Lung and renal
Most fatal mushroom poisoning occurs from all of the following except…
A. Amantia
B. Gyromitra
C. Galerina
D. Lepiota
B. Gyromitra
Alpha-amanitian…
A. Is respinsible for the diarrhea seen in death cap poisoning
B. Is poorly absorbed orally
C. Is a potent inhibitor of hepatic protein synthesis
D. None of the above
C. Is a potent inhibitor of hepatic protein synthesis
Aflatoxins are dangerous to humans because they…
A. Are present in wet basements
B. Cause pneumonia in AIDS patients
C. Are asso w/ nasal carcinoma
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
Which of the following plants is carcinogenic?
A. American hellebore
B. Bracken fern
C. Buttercup
D. Tung nut
B. Bracken fern
All of the following are true of grayanotoxins except…
A. They are present in rhododendrons
B. They contaminate honey
C. They cause bradycardia
D. They block the neuromuscular junction
D. They block the neuromuscular junction
Plant molecules that react as bases and usually contain nitrogen in a heterocyclic structure are known as…
A. Alkaloids
B. Terpenes
C. Resins
D. Glycoside
A. Alkaloids
Plant molecules that are created from isoprene units with varying functional groups are known as…
A. Terpenes
B. Amines
C. Alkaloids
D. Phenols
A. Terpenes
Plant molecules that are hydrolyzed to a sugar and a nonsugar moiety are known as…
A. Glycosides
B. alkaloids
C. Resins
D. Terpene
A. Glycosides
Toxic minerals that may accumulate in plants include all of the following except…
A. Cadmium
B. Magnesium
C. Copper
D. Selenium
B. Magnesium
Brassica oleracea (kale) contains…
A. Cardiac glycosides
B. Cyanogenic glycosides
C. Goiterogenic glycosides
D. Steroid glycosides
C. Goiterogenic glycosides
A plant toxin that can be highly transmitted through milk is…
A. Oxalate
B. cyanide
C. Nitrate
D. Tremetol
D. Tremetol
An antidote is available for the toxin present in…
A. Azalea
B. Pigweed
C. Veratrum
D. Apple seeds
D. Apple seeds
Which of the following plant toxins is classified as an alcohol?
A. Nicotine
B. Ranunculus
C. Dogbane
D. Tremetol
D. Tremetol
Amygdalin is found in the highest amounts in the seeds of…
A. Bitter almond
B. Tomato
C. Pear
D. Plum
A. Bitter almond
Strychnine blocks…
A. Glycine-gated Cl channels
B. Glutamate receptors
C. GABA receptors
D. Voltage-gated Na channels
A. Glycine-gated Cl channels
The toxin found in species of Capsicum has been shown to be useful in the therapy of…
A. Skin cancer
B. Depression
C. Chronic pain
D. Decubitus ulcers
C. Chronic pain
All of the following are true of curare except…
A. It was a South American arrow poison
B. It is a neuromuscular blocking agent
C. It can be used clinically
D. It is a CNS toxin
D. It is a CNS toxin
Swainsonine…
A. Is present in vinca species
B. Is a glycoprotein
C. Causes abortions in livestock
D. None of the above
C. Causes abortions in livestock
The veratrum and lupine alkaloids are…
A. Teratogenic
B. Components of marketed pharmaceuticals
C. Used as insecticides
D. Poisons that Socrates drank
A. Teratogenic
