Chapter 27 - Food Toxicology Flashcards
The basic presumption of the US regarding food is…
A. All food w/o additives or contaminants is safe
B. Food from plant sources is safe
C. Food must be periodically tested for safety
D. Food additives before 1980 are safe
A. All food w/o additives or contaminants is safe
The major concern for food safety worldwide is…
A. Unregulated food additives
B. Geographic variation in soil
C. Microbial contamination
D. Radiation of food
C. Microbial contamination
Tripalmitin has been shown to…
A. Increas gastric pH
B. Increase intestinal transit time
C. Decrease gastric emptying
D. Increase lymph flow
D. Increase lymph flow
GRAS substances added to food…
A. Are all food colors
B. Can be certified based on experience before 1958
C. Can include pesticides
D. Must have an upper limit
B. Can be certified based on experience before 1958
Unavoidable contaminants to food…
A. Have a tolerance limit
B. Include pesticide residues
C. Include aflatoxins
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is true for color food additives?
A. They all contain the prefix FD or C
B. They must come from plants
C. They interact with antihypertensive medication
D. They are not eligible for GRAS status
D. They are not eligible for GRAS status
The principal reason for the low toxicity of aromatic amine color food additives is…
A. Sulfonation to highly polar, poorly absorbable molecules
B. They decompose in the acid environment of the stomach
C. They are substrates for intestinal efflux transporters
D. The parent compounds are incapable of forming electrophiles
A. Sulfonation to highly polar, poorly absorbable molecules
Caramel is considered…
A. A food color additive that is exempt from certification
B. A food color additive that requires individual batch chemical analysis
C. A food color adjunct
D. A flavor enhancer
A. A food color additive that is exempt from certification
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is considered…
A. An emulsifier
B. A buffering agent
C. A preservative
D. A dough strengthener
C. A preservative
All of the following are nonnutritive sweetners except…
A. Asesulfame
B. Aspartame
C. Saccharin
D. Gum arabic
D. Gum arabic
Sodium benzoate is used in foods as…
A. A processing aid
B. A firming agent
C. An antimicrobial agent
D. A drying agent
C. An antimicrobial agent
All of the following are true of food color additives except…
A. 50% of food in the US contains a color additive
B. The average daily intake is about 15 mg
C. The maximum daily intake is about 54 mg
D. Beverages contain a large quantity
A. 50% of food in the US contains a color additive
The NOAEL divided by 100 for a food additive is a starting point for…
A. Chronic animal toxicity studies
B. GRAS tolerance limits
C. Estimated daily intake
D. Acceptable daily intake
D. Acceptable daily intake
A food additive containing a alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl function would most likely assigned to structure category…
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
C. C
In utero testing of food additives began because of problems with…
A. BHA
B. saccharin
C. FD&C Blue No. 1
D. Papain
B. saccharin
Indirect food additives…
A. Are produced from microbial contamination of food
B. Enter food from surfaces that contact food
C. Are chemicals that result from the transformation of food substances by the cooking process
D. All of the above
B. Enter food from surfaces that contact food
Significant migration of indirect food additives in extraction studies is defined as…
A. 0.1 - 1 ppb
B. 1 - 10 ppb
C. 10 - 50 ppb
D. 50 - 100 ppb
D. 50 - 100 ppb
All of the following are considered GRAS except…
A. Patulin
B. Helium
C. Acetic acid
D. Aluminum calcium silicate
A. Patulin
All of the following are true of GRAS status except…
A. It is based on safety as assessed by common knowledge throughout the scientific community
B. It can be based on experiences with common use in food before Jan. 1, 1958
C. GRAS substances are still subject to the Delaney Clause
D. New data can change the GRAS status of a substance
C. GRAS substances are still subject to the Delaney Clause
Which of the following is true regarding dietary supplements?
A. They are considered food additives
B. They are considered drugs
C. The daily recommended intake is not stated on the product label
D. There is an implied assumption of some risk on the part of the consumer
D. There is an implied assumption of some risk on the part of the consumer