Chapter 15 - Ocular Toxicology Flashcards
All of the following statements are true regarding the corneal stroma except…
A. It makes up 90% of the corneal thickness
B. Water-soluble chemicals easily penetrate it
C. It can act as a reservoir for toxicants
D. It is composed of water, collagen and glycosaminoglycans
B. Water-soluble chemicals easily penetrate it
The first site of action for the eye after exposure to a toxicant is the…
A. Cornea
B. Tear film
C. Sclera
D. Conjunctiva
B. Tear film
A systemic water-soluble toxicant orally ingested would have the least exposure to the…
A. Anterior surface of the lens
B. corneal endothelium
C. Aqueous humor
D. Corneal epithelium
D. Corneal epithelium
Electrophysiologic procedures used to test the following effects of toxicants on visual function include all of the following except…
A. EKG
B. EOG
C. VEP
D. ERG
A. EKG
Chemical toxicity is usually asso w/ what type of color vision deficit?
A. Blue-yellow
B. red-green
C. Orange-purple
D. Brown-gray
A. Blue-yellow
With respect to surfactant damage to the cornea, which of the following orders of damage are true?
A. Anionic > cationic > neutral
B. Anionic > neutral > cationic
C. Cationic > neutral > anionic
D. Cationic > anionic > neutral
D. Cationic > anionic > neutral
Organic solvents splashed into the eye should be treated with…
A. 5 mg of olive oil irrigation followed by water irrigation
B. Irrigation with one drop of dish detergent in one gallon of H2O
C. 0.01 M sodium bicarbonate solution irrigation
D. Copious H2O irrigation
D. Copious H2O irrigation
All of the following are true of the lens except…
A. It has a dual blood supply
B. it grows over the life span of an individual
C. It is metabolically active and maintains ionic balance
D. It is composed of approx 2/3 water and 1/3 protein
A. It has a dual blood supply
The mammalian retina is very vulnerable to toxicant-induced damage for all of the following reasons except…
A. A high rate of mitochondrial metabolism
B. A low choroidal blood flow rate
C. High turnover of rod and cone outer segments
D. Presence of highly fenestrated choriocapillaries
B. A low choroidal blood flow rate
All of the following are true regarding rodent retina except…
A. Its toxicology has relevance for toxicant exposure during the early gestation period in humans
B. it is easily accessible
C. There is no melanin in the choroid
D. Rat rods are similar to those in humans and other primates
C. There is no melanin in the choroid
Degenerative changes in the optic nerve can result from deficiencies in all of the following except…
A. Selenium
B. Zinc
C. Thiamine
D. B12
A. Selenium
An antituberculosis drug asso w/ eye toxicity is…
A. Isoniazid
B. ethambutol
C. Doxycycline
D. Imipenem
B. ethambutol
Solvents that selectively damage the optic nerve and tract are…
A. Ethanol and propanol
B. Acetone and chlorobenzene
C. Carbon disulfide and acrylamide
D. Octane and heptane
C. Carbon disulfide and acrylamide
A chemical used to assess corneal damage is…
A. Boric acid
B. hypertonic saline
C. Indocyanine green
D. Fluorescein
D. Fluorescein
The slit lamp microscope is least useful in evaluating the…
A. Retina
B. Lens
C. Cornea
D. Aqueous humor
A. Retina
Acute angle closure glaucoma can be precipitated by…
A. Beta-blockers
B. Organophosphate pesticides
C. Anticholinergic drugs
D. Morphine
C. Anticholinergic drugs
Inorganic lead exposure has been asso w/ all of the following except…
A. Amblyopia
B. Glaucoma
C. Scotoma
D. Optic atrophy
B. Glaucoma
The area of the brain asso w/ vision is…
A. Occipital lobe
B. Frontal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
D. Pons
A. Occipital lobe
An area of the CNS with a weakened BBB is…
A. Temporal lobe
B. Medulla
C. Optic disk
D. Hypothalamus
C. Optic disk
Intraocular melanin has a high binding affinity for…
A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
B. Toxic heavy metals
C. Electrophiles
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements are true?
A. Only phase 1 drug metabolizing enzymes are present in the eye
B. Alterations in visual function may be the initial symptom following chemical exposure
C. The cornea contains a dual blood supply
D. All of the above
B. Alterations in visual function may be the initial symptom following chemical exposure
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Arsenic is toxic to the lens
B. Methanol is toxic to the cornea
C. Aspartame is toxic to the retina
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
The most severe damage to the cornea results from contact with…
A. Strong acids
B. Strong bases
C. Organic solvents
D. Anionic detergents
B. Strong bases
Cataracts have been asso w/ all of the following except…
A. Opiate analgesics
B. Corticosteroids
C. Napthalene
D. Phenothiazines
A. Opiate analgesics
Which of the following drugs is toxic to the retina?
A. Tamoxifen
B. Indomethacin
C. Sildenafil citrate
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The eye toxicity of methanol results from…
A. Methanol
B. formaldehyde
C. Formic acid
D. Metabolic acidosis
C. Formic acid
Perchloroethylene eye toxicity has been noted in residents living close to…
A. Gasoline stations
B. Dry cleaners
C. Oil refineries
D. Autobody repair shops
B. Dry cleaners
Styrene has been asso w/ …
A. Decreased tear production
B. cataracts
C. Color vision defects
D. Nystagmus
C. Color vision defects
