Chapter 57: Species Interactions (Book Questions/Quiz) Flashcards
In a woodland community, a species interaction between rabbits and deer affects both species negatively. What type of interaction is this?
Multiple choice question.
Mutualism
Predation
Competition
Commensalism
Competition
rue or false: Competition between species may be equal or unequal.
True false question.
True
False
True
Select all that apply
Choose all true statements about competition.
Multiple select question.
Competition can occur between individuals of the same species.
Species may coexist in identical niches.
Competition can occur among different species.
Several types of competition occur in nature.
Competition can occur between individuals of the same species.
Competition can occur among different species.
Several types of competition occur in nature.
Match the signs with the categories of competition:
Competition Amensalism Predation/herbivory/parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Neutralism
-,0 \+,- -,- 0,0 \+,+ \+,0
Competition is -,- Amensalism is -,0 Predation, herbivory, and parasitism is +,- Mutualism is +,+ Commensalism is +,0 Neutralism is 0,0
What species interaction adversely affects both species?
Multiple choice question.
Competition
Mutualism
Parasitism
Amensalism
Competition
Select all that apply
Choose all types of competition that occur in nature.
Multiple select question.
Individuals compete with members of another species.
Individuals of the same species compete with each other.
Organisms compete indirectly for a limited resource.
Both species benefit from a competitive interaction.
Organisms interact directly through intimidation.
Individuals compete with members of another species.
Individuals of the same species compete with each other.
Organisms compete indirectly for a limited resource.
Organisms interact directly through intimidation.
What type of competition describes indirect competition between organisms for a limited resource, with each obtaining as much as it can?
Multiple choice question.
Interference
Exploitative
Exploitative
True or false: Species can coexist if the overlap in their ecological niches is sufficiently reduced.
True false question.
True
False
True
The role and position a species has in its environment is best defined as its:
Multiple choice question.
niche
matrix
trophic level
locus
carbon footprint
niche
Beetles and caterpillars use physical intimidation to compete for the same food resources. What type of competition is this?
Multiple choice question.
Interspecific competition
Exploitation competition
Intraspecific competition
Interspecific competition
The term _________ _________ refers to the differentiation of niches, in both space and time, enabling similar species to coexist in a community.
resource partitioning
The area where an organism can be found in nature is called a(n) ________. However, the term also can convey what an organism does in a community, including how it feeds.
niche
The tendency for two species to diverge in morphology and thus resource use (which will minimize competition) is called character _______.
displacement
Consider a fundamental niche which contains a part that is occupied by competitors of that species. In this case the organism is limited to an area called the ______, where the competitor is absent.
Multiple choice question.
primary niche
realized niche
potential niche
secondary niche
realized niche
Multiple Select Question
Select all that apply
Which of the following factors may be used to distinguish fundamental and realized niches?
Multiple select question.
Realized will probably be smaller than the fundamental.
Realized is based on time and space, whereas fundamental is the potential distribution independent of time and space.
Fundamental will probably be smaller than realized.
Realized will probably be smaller than the fundamental.
Realized is based on time and space, whereas fundamental is the potential distribution independent of time and space.
___________ species occur in the same geographic area, whereas __________ species occur in different geographic areas.
sympatric, allopatric
Select all that apply
Select all types of interactions that have a positive effect for one species and a negative effect for the other.
Multiple select question.
Parasitism
Commensalism
Predation
Amensalism
Herbivory
Parasitism
Predation
Herbivory
All of the following are common antipredation strategies that have evolved in animals EXCEPT:
Multiple choice question.
agility
mimicry
character displacement
displays of intimidation
character displacement
Closely related species of finches that live in the same geographic area will have different beak sizes (bill depths) in order to feed on different seeds. This tendency for species to diverge in morphology is called:
Multiple choice question.
character displacement
allopatric competition
interference competition
exploitation competition
character displacement
Select all that apply
From the list below, choose the two types of mimicry.
Multiple select question.
Batesian
Aposematic
Cryptic
Mullerian
Batesian
Mullerian
The physiologically optimal range of conditions for an organism is called the:
Multiple choice question.
balancing niche
partitioning niche
crucial niche
fundamental niche
fundamental niche
True or false: Herbivory is usually lethal to plants.
True false question.
True
False
False
Select all that apply
Select all ways in which predation, herbivory, and parasitism interactions are classified.
Multiple select question.
Whether or not they are lethal
The duration of the species’ lifetime
How likely they are to survive natural disasters
The length of association between consumer and prey
Whether or not they are lethal
The length of association between consumer and prey
Do vertebrates or invertebrates have a greater impact on plant density?
Multiple choice question.
Invertebrates have a greater impact.
Vertebrates have a greater impact.
Vertebrates and invertebrates have the same impact.
Invertebrates have a greater impact.
Select all that apply
Which of the following are examples of strategies that animals have evolved to avoid being eaten by predators? Choose all that apply.
Multiple select question.
Chemical defense
Character displacement
Camouflage and mimicry
Armor and weaponry
Chemical defense
Camouflage and mimicry
Armor and weaponry
An organism that feeds on another but does not kill it outright is called a(n) ___________, and the prey is a(n) _________
parasite, host
Which of the following is not a type of mimicry defense?
Multiple choice question.
Müllerian
Batesian
Catalepsis
Catalepsis
The research compared tits without parasites and tits with. Which were healthier?
Multiple choice question.
no distinguishable difference
parasite-free tits
tits with parasites
parasite-free tits
Invertebrate herbivores such as grasshoppers have a stronger effect on plant density than vertebrate herbivores such as mammals. The reason for this is that invertebrate herbivores:
Multiple choice question.
have evolved defenses against secondary metabolites
use secondary metabolites as reproductive stimuli
have higher population density than vertebrate herbivores
secrete chemicals that can act as a fertilizer
have higher population density than vertebrate herbivores
Select all that apply
Select all examples of mutualism.
Multiple select question.
Epiphytes growing in tropical trees
A species of butterfly looking like another
Acacia trees with nesting sites for ants
Leaf-cutting ants living with fungi
Acacia trees with nesting sites for ants
Leaf-cutting ants living with fungi
How was parasite removal achieved?
Multiple choice question.
bleaching the nests
leaving the nests out in the sun
microwaving the nests without the birds in them
spraying the birds with a repellent against the parasites
microwaving the nests without the birds in them
Select all factors that influence population size.
Multiple select question.
Parasitism
Temperature
Competition
Predation
Parasitism
Temperature
Competition
Predation
True or false: Mutualistic associations can involve both plants and animals.
True false question.
True
False
True
True or false: Predators are responsible for top-down population control, while food abundance influences bottom-up control.
True false question.
True
False
True
Select all lines of evidence suggesting that bottom-up effects are important in limiting population sizes.
Multiple select question.
Carbon dioxide is a limiting factor for carbohydrate production.
Natural enemies are effective in controlling pests.
Organisms select food based on nitrogen content of tissue.
Available energy diminishes with progression up the food chain.
Organisms select food based on nitrogen content of tissue.
Available energy diminishes with progression up the food chain.
In a hypothetical situation, a bacterium lives on the surface of a leaf where it obtains nutrients from the leaf’s nonliving waxy covering, which the leaf continually produces. The plant is not hurt or harmed by this feeding. Once the number of bacteria reaches a critical mass, they inhibit the growth of other microbes that damage the plant. Occasionally, these bacteria can gain access to the interior of the leaf. For example, if there is weather-related leaf breakage that exposes the plant’s interior tissues. If this occurs, the bacteria feed on the plant’s living tissue, causing minor damage. What best describes the ecological roles played by the bacterium in this situation?
Question 1 options:
commensalism, parasitism, mutualism
mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
parasitism, commensalism. mutualism
commensalism, mutualism, parasitism
mutualism, parasitism, commensalism
commensalism, mutualism, parasitism
In Pennsylvania, wolves have been extinct for many years. They used to feed on white-tailed deer, but now that the wolves are gone, the population of white-tailed deer has exploded. This means that this community
Question 2 options:
Was under bottom up control
Lacks a fundamental niche for wolves
Lacks a fundamental niche for deer
Was under top down control
Was under top down control
A researcher examined the response of dandelions to herbivory by rabbits. She finds that in a greenhouse with no rabbits, there is variation in the number of seeds produced by different dandelion plants. She then mimics herbivory by rabbits and finds that dandelions that have been “eaten” by rabbits produce more seeds. From this she concludes
Question 3 options:
The number of seeds of a dandelion is a genetically variable trait
Dandelion seed number is a constitutive defensive response to rabbit herbivory
Rabbits cause a decline in the number of dandelion seeds
Rabbits alter the genetics of dandelions as they feed on them
Dandelion seed number is a constitutive defensive response to rabbit herbivory
Which of these is most likely to be an example of Mullerian mimicry?
Question 4 options:
An octopus that changes its shape to look like a nonvenomous sea snake
A flounder that can match the bottom of the ocean to blend in
A group of flies that look like bees
A group of venomous snakes that all look similar in color and pattern
A group of venomous snakes that all look similar in color and pattern
You are hiking in the tropical rainforest and find a new species of snake. It is about 12 inches long, lives in the trees and is bright yellow and blue. Based on this, what can you infer about this snake?
Question 5 options:
It is likely to be venomous
It is likely to be a parasite
It is likely to be an herbivore
It is unlikely to be venomous
It is likely to be venomous
White-tailed deer browse the understory of a deciduous forest, eating the vegetation that numerous other species depend on. This is an example of
Question 6 options:
Interspecific interference competition
Interspecific exploitation competition
Intraspecific interference competition
Intraspecific exploitation competition
Interspecific exploitation competition
In late fall, American red squirrels scurry about the base of a white oak tree collecting as many acorns as possible for their individual winter caches.
Question 7 options:
Interspecific interference competition
Interspecific exploitation competition
Intraspecific interference competition
Intraspecific exploitation competition
Intraspecific exploitation competition
The brown tree snake was introduced to Guam and its population size increased dramatically. As with most invasive species, its success is due to
Question 8 options:
A lack of natural predators
A lack of defenses by the prey in the new habitat
An increase in character displacement in the new habitat
A and B only
A, B and C
A and B only
A researcher is examining the response of corn to herbivory by white-tailed deer. She sets up a corn field with a very high fence to exclude deer and then a field where deer can have free access. After four weeks, she measures the height of the corn plants and the number of ears or corn each plant produces. What is the dependent variable in her experiment?
Question 9 options:
The corn
The height of the corn
Deer herbivory
The number of ears of corn
Both B and D
Both B and D
A farmer adds fertilizer to a field and soon after finds an increase in the number of herbivores in the area. This is because
Question 10 options:
The community was determined by top down control
The community was determined by bottom up control
The herbivores were attracted to the odors of the fertilizer
The fertilizer caused a significant decrease in primary production
The community was determined by bottom up control
A researcher is examining the response of corn to herbivory by white-tailed deer. She sets up a corn field with a very high fence to exclude deer and then a field where deer can have free access. After four weeks, she measures the height of the corn plants and the number of ears or corn each plant produces. She finds that the corn in the environment excluded from deer grow significantly taller than those in the environment with the deer, and produce more ears of corn. Therefore she concludes
Question 11 options:
Corn does not have an induced response to deer herbivory
Corn does not have a constitutive response to deer herbivory
Corn responds to deer herbivory by increasing in height and number of ears of corn
Both A and B
Both A and B
The hognose snake is not venomous but it looks very similar to the venomous copperhead snake. The hognose is an example of
Question 12 options:
A cryptic species
A Mullerian mimic
A Batesian mimic
An aposematic species
A Batesian mimic
An organisms feeds on another, but has high lethality and low duration of interaction. This organisms is therefore likely a
Question 13 options:
Parasite
Herbivore
Predator
Intraspecific competitor
Predator
The evolution of morphological differences between two species should be greater when they are________ than when they are_________ due to selective pressures to diversify niches in the face of competition.
Question 14 options:
Sympatric, allopatric
Parasitic, competitive
Parasitic, symbiotic
Allopatric, sympatric
Sympatric, allopatric
An eastern bluebird and a European starling will compete for nest cavities by physically confronting one another. This is an example of
Question 15 options:
Interspecific interference competition
Interspecific exploitation competition
Intraspecific interference competition
Intraspecific exploitation competition
Interspecific interference competition
