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Biology 2 > Chapter 31: Plants and the Conquest of Land (Book Questions) > Flashcards

Chapter 31: Plants and the Conquest of Land (Book Questions) Flashcards

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1
Q

The kingdom _____________ is composed of land plants.

A

Plantae

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2
Q

Select the characteristics that are common to all streptophytes.

Multiple select question.

Vascular systems

Cellulose-rich cell walls

Starch in plastids

Apical meristems

Multicellularity

A

Cellulose-rich cell walls

Starch in plastids

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3
Q

Plants originated from a photosynthetic _____ ancestor.

Multiple choice question.

fungal

archaean

opisthokont

protist

A

protist

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4
Q

The bodies of land plants are made of several types of ______ which are close associations of cells of the same type.

Multiple choice question.

spores

chloroplasts

tissues

organelles

A

tissues

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5
Q

In bryophytes, one adaptation to a terrestrial environment is that an apical __________ produces three-dimensional plant parts.

A

meristem or meristems

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6
Q

Choose all that belong in the kingdom Plantae.

Multiple select question.

Lycophytes

Green algae

Kelp

Mosses

A

Lycophytes

Mosses

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7
Q

Although diverse, streptophytes all have cell walls made of ________

A

cellulose

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8
Q

The land plants evolved from a:

Multiple choice question.

euglenoid

red alga

streptophyte alga

multicellular fungus

A

streptophyte alga

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9
Q

The main role of gametophytes is to produce

Multiple choice question.

diploid gametes

triploid gametes

haploid gametes

A

haploid gametes

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10
Q

A tissue is defined as:

Multiple choice question.

a group of cells that are the same size

all cells that originated from a meristem

an association of similar types of cells

all the cells in an organ

A

an association of similar types of cells

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11
Q

Which of the following statements about the alternation of generations life cycle is true?

Multiple choice question.

The sporophyte is haploid, while the gametophyte is diploid

Both the sporophyte and gametophyte are diploid; they just alternate in time

Both the sporophyte and gametophyte are haploid; they just differ in size

The sporophyte is diploid, while the gametophyte is haploid

A

The sporophyte is diploid, while the gametophyte is haploid

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12
Q

Select all that apply

Select all traits that illustrate adaptation of bryophytes to a terrestrial environment.

Multiple select question.

Apical meristems

Specialized vascular tissue

Lignified cell walls

Alternation of generations

A

Apical meristems

Alternation of generations

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13
Q

The division Anthophyta contains ________, which are also known as flowering plants.

A

angiosperms

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14
Q

The presence of internal water and nutrient-conducting tissues that also provide structural support is a characteristic of plants called _______ plants

A

vascular

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15
Q

Multiple Choice Question
In land plants, gametes are produced when:

Multiple choice question.

sporophyte cells undergo mitosis

gametophyte cells undergo meiosis

sporophyte cells undergo meiosis

gametophyte cells undergo mitosis

A

gametophyte cells undergo mitosis

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16
Q

In the alternation of generations life cycle of land plants, organisms can shift between a diploid _________ generation and a haploid _________ generation.

A

sporophyte; gametophyte

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17
Q

Select all that apply

Select all of the following that are members of the informal group called bryophytes.

Multiple select question.

Lycophytes

Hornworts

Liverworts

Gymnosperms

Mosses

A

Hornworts

Liverworts

Mosses

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18
Q

Select all features that enhance the ability of bryophytes to live on land.

Multiple select question.

Multicellular embryos

flagellated sperm

external fertilization

thick-walled spores

A

Multicellular embryos

thick-walled spores

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19
Q

True or False: Angiosperms are also called flowering plants.

True false question.
True
False

A

True

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20
Q

The three major plant organs contain ______ tissue.

Multiple choice question.

vascular

non-vascular

A

vascular

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21
Q

Vascular plants contain:

Multiple choice question.

water-conducting but not nutrient-conducting tissues

both water-conducting and nutrient-conducting tissues

nutrient-conducting but not water-conducting tissues

neither water-conducting nor nutrient-conducting tissues

A

both water-conducting and nutrient-conducting tissues

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22
Q

Xylem and phloem enable plants to conduct organic compounds, _____, and __________ through the plant body.

A

water, minerals

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23
Q

The main function of plant leaves is to carry out ________

A

photosynthesis

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24
Q

The ______ life cycle exhibited by bryophytes illustrates an adaptation for life on land.

Multiple choice question.

diploid dominant

alternation of generations

haploid dominant

mitosis-independent

A

alternation of generations

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25
Q

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are collectively referred to as ______ plants.

Multiple choice question.

vascular

seed

flowering

A

seed

The reason why vascular is the wrong answer. The correct answer is seed plants. Not all vascular plants can be classified as angiosperms or gymnosperms. For example, ferns are vascular plants but are NOT seed plants.

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26
Q

Select all that apply

The major plant organs include:

Multiple select question.

lignin

leaves

tracheids

roots

stems

A

leaves

roots

stems

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27
Q

Gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce with:

Multiple choice question.

seeds only

lignins and cutins

spores only

both spores and seeds

A

both spores and seeds

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28
Q

Select all that apply

Select all features common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Multiple select question.

Presence of vascular tissue

Reproduction using spores

Nourishment of embryo by endosperm

Production of seeds within fruits

A

Presence of vascular tissue

Reproduction using spores

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29
Q

Spermatophytes produce complex structures having specialized tissues that protectively enclose and nourish embryos. These structures are called __________

A

seeds

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30
Q

Select all that apply

Select all structures produced by gymnosperms.

Multiple select question.

Endosperm

Seeds

Fruits

Vascular tissue

Flowers

A

Seeds

Vascular tissue

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31
Q

The two types of seed plants are ________ and ____________

A

gymnosperms; angiosperms

32
Q

Angiosperm seeds are unique in that they possess a specialized seed tissue called _________

A

endosperm

33
Q

What organisms reproduce using spores and seeds?

Multiple choice question.

Neither angiosperms nor gymnosperms

Angiosperms & gymnosperms

Only gymnosperms

Only angiosperms

A

Angiosperms & gymnosperms

34
Q

What is the nutritive tissue in the seeds of angiosperms?

Multiple choice question.

Calyx

Peduncle

Radicle

Gymnosperm

Endosperm

A

Endosperm

35
Q

Which of the following characteristics separates angiosperms from gymnosperms?

Multiple choice question.

Gymnosperms have vascular tissues but angiosperms do not.

Only gymnosperms reproduce using both spores and seeds.

Angiosperms lack endosperm in their seed tissue unlike gymnosperms.

Angiosperms have flowers and fruits that gymnosperms lack.

A

Angiosperms have flowers and fruits that gymnosperms lack.

36
Q

Select all that apply

Select all effects of the first land plants on life on Earth.

Multiple select question.

They moved vast amounts of water from the soil to the atmosphere

They added to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

They aided animals in the colonization of land

They helped to create the first substantial soils

A

They aided animals in the colonization of land

They helped to create the first substantial soils

37
Q

Ancient nonvascular plants likely influenced climate by sequestering ______ from the atmosphere.

Multiple choice question.

calcium

oxygen

sulfur

nitrogen

carbon

A

carbon

38
Q

_______________ is the nutritive seed tissue that enhances the efficiency of food storage in the seeds of flowering plants.

A

endosperm

39
Q

Early bryophyte-like plants influenced Earth’s past climate by _________ the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

A

lowering

40
Q

A billion years ago, photosynthetic life on land was likely composed of:

Multiple choice question.

mosses and liverworts

cyanobacteria

cyanobacteria and red algae

hornworts

A

cyanobacteria

41
Q

Sixty-five million years ago at least one large meteorite crashed into Earth near the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. This is referred to as:

Multiple choice question.

the Big Bang

the K/T event

the T/K event

the C/K event

A

the K/T event

42
Q

The development of decay resistant tissues in early vascular plants likely led to:

Multiple choice question.

an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

A

a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

43
Q

A life cycle in which the only diploid cell is the zygote is referred to as a(n) _______-___________ life cycle

A

haploid; dominant

44
Q

When plants are buried and only partially decomposed, carbon is prevented from entering the __________

A

atmosphere

45
Q

In bryophytes, ______ hold sperm, and ______ hold eggs.

Multiple choice question.

archegonia; antheridia

oogonia; spermatogonia

spermatogonia; oogonia

antheridia; archegonia

A

antheridia; archegonia

46
Q

The _______ is the dominant generation in the bryophyte life cycle.

A

gametophyte, bryophyte gametophytes, haploid, or gametophytes

47
Q

Early land plants caused a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels because:

Multiple choice question.

their bodies did not always decompose

they generated oxygen, which occupied some of the atmospheric space taken by carbon dioxide

they took up nitrogen from the soil, which then altered the balance of atmospheric nitrogen and other gases in the atmosphere

they supported the evolution of animal life, which altered the composition of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

their bodies did not always decompose

48
Q

The Cretaceous-Paleogene event occurred _______ million years ago.

A

65

49
Q

All of the following are examples of vascular plants EXCEPT:

Multiple choice question.

bryophytes

angiosperms

pteridophytes

lycophytes

gymnosperms

A

bryophytes

50
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following statements are true of the haploid-dominant life cycle?

Multiple select question.

The diploid generation consists of one cell.

There is an alternation of generations.

The diploid generation consists of two cells.

The zygote is the only cell that undergoes meiosis.

There are both haploid and diploid multicellular bodies.

A

The diploid generation consists of one cell.

The zygote is the only cell that undergoes meiosis.

51
Q

During fertilization in bryophytes, a gametophyte structure called the antheridium releases ______ cells, which swim toward the ______ cell that is contained in a gametophyte structure called the archegonium.

Multiple choice question.

egg; sperm

sperm; egg

microspore; megaspore

megaspore; microspore

A

sperm; egg

52
Q

Select all that apply

Select all statements that are true for the sporophytes of vascular plants, but not bryophytes.

Multiple select question.

Less conspicuous than gametophytes

Able to branch

Become independent of gametophytes

Have short lifespans

A

Able to branch

Become independent of gametophytes

53
Q

What is the dominant generation in the bryophyte life cycle?

Multiple choice question.

Sporophyte

Zygote

Archegonium

Gametophyte

A

Gametophyte

54
Q

One of the first critical innovations in land plants was the:

Multiple choice question.

gametes produced by meiosis

flower

cellulose in cell walls

embryo

A

embryo

55
Q

True or false: Bryophytes are nonvascular plants.

True false question.
True
False

A

True

56
Q

_________ are the multicellular, diploid products of mitosis of the zygote. They were one of the first critical innovations in land plants.

A

Embryos or Embryo

57
Q

Select all that apply

Select all vascular plant innovations that evolved multiple times.

Multiple select question.

Embryos

Leaves

Alternation of generations

Spores

Seeds

A

Leaves

Seeds

58
Q

Select all that apply

Select all characteristics of the sporophytes of bryophytes.

Multiple select question.

Inability to branch

Able to produce sporangia on lateral branches

Remain attached to gametophytes

Short lifespans

Larger than gametophyte

A

Inability to branch

Remain attached to gametophytes

Short lifespans

59
Q

The tiny leaves of modern lycophytes are called __________.

A

lycophylls or microphylls

60
Q

The embryo was a critical innovations in land plants because:

Multiple choice question.

it encouraged the involvement of animals as seed dispersal agents

it required the involvement of pollinators and led to the diversification of the angiosperms

the young sporophyte received protection and nourishment from the maternal tissues

the alternation of generations depends on the production of an embryo

A

the young sporophyte received protection and nourishment from the maternal tissues

61
Q

The leaves of ferns and seed plants are called euphylls, which is a translation from Greek meaning:

Multiple choice question.

true buds

true leaves

branched leaves

tiny leaves

branched veins

A

true leaves

62
Q

Select all that apply

Select all features of plant embryos.

Multiple select question.

Cloned

Diploid

Haploid

Unicellular

Multicellular

A

Diploid

Multicellular

63
Q

How often did the innovations of leaves and seeds likely evolve?

Multiple choice question.

Only once

Many times

Twice

A

Many times

64
Q

Select all that apply

Select all terms that can be used to describe the tiny leaves found in modern lycophytes.

Multiple select question.

Nanophylls

Microphylls

Lycophylls

Pteridophylls

A

Microphylls

Lycophylls

65
Q

In seed plants, this structure matures into a seed.

Multiple choice question.

Egg

Ovary

Female gametophyte

Ovule

A

Ovule

66
Q

In pines, microspores are small spores that develop into

Multiple choice question.

ovules

megaspores

micropyles

pollen

A

pollen

67
Q

The microspores of pines develop within

Multiple choice question.

pollen grains

microgametangia

microsporangia

integuments

A

microsporangia

68
Q

In seed plants, the sporangium containing one spore that develops into an egg-producing gametophyte is called a(n) _____.

Multiple choice question.

sporophyte

zygote

archegonium

ovule

megaspore

embryo

A

ovule

69
Q

Seed plants are characterized by heterospory, in which smaller spores called microspores and larger spores called ____________ are produced.

A

megaspores

70
Q

In seed plants, tiny male gametophytes enclosed by walls are called

Multiple choice question.

microspores

sperm

gametes

pollen

A

pollen

71
Q

Because seeds can remain dormant, they allow plants to

Multiple choice question.

avoid predation from animals

survive in unpredictable conditions

conserve energy that they would normally invest in producing seeds

conserve water

A

survive in unpredictable conditions

72
Q

The megaspores of pines develop within

Multiple choice question.

egg cells

megasporangia

integuments

endosperm

A

megasporangia

73
Q

Plants that produce only one type of spore are said to be __________

A

homosporous

74
Q

Plants that produce only one type of spore are said to be __________

A

homosporous

75
Q

Match the Terms!

Bryophytes
Lycophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

Leaves relatively large with extensively branched vein system; Sporangia borne on leaves.

Leaves generally small with a single, unbranched vein; Sporangia borne on sides of stems

Possess flowers and fruits; Seed food stored after fertilization in endosperm tissue

Dominant gametophyte generation; Lack true roots, stems, and leaves

Lack flowers and fruits; Seed food stored before fertilization in female gametophyte

A 
1D
2B
3A
4E
5C
76
Q

The microspores of pines develop within

Multiple choice question.

microsporangia

integuments

microgametangia

pollen grains

A

microsporangia

77
Q

Plants that produce only one type of spore that develops into one type of gametophyte are called:

Multiple choice question.

asporous

heterosporous

homosporous

microsporous

A

homosporous

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