Chapter 34: The Invertebrates (Book Questions/Quiz) Flashcards
Approximately what percentage of animal species are NOT invertebrates?
Multiple choice question.
75
5
50
95
25
5; Invertebrates are 95% of species
An invertebrate animal is one that does not have:
Multiple choice question.
a complete gut
jointed appendages
a backbone
true tissues
a backbone
This phylogenetic tree summarizes the evolutionary relationships among animal groups. According to it, the Lophotrochozoa are most closely related to the clade ___________.
Ecdysozoa
Comb jellies make up the phylum _______
Ctenophores
A tissue is best defined as a
Multiple choice question.
group of cells that can only reproduce sexually.
group of organs that make up an organ system.
group of organelles that make up a cell.
group of cells that have a similar structure and function.
group of cells that have a similar structure and function.
What organisms make up the Porifera phylum?
Multiple choice question.
Lancelets
Coral
Sponges
Squid
Flatworms
Sponges
The feeding mechanism of a sponge can be summarized as such: Water is drawn into the ______ by the beating action of ________. Small particulate matter and tiny plankton are trapped and eaten, while the water then flows out through the large opening at the top.
Multiple choice question.
choanocytes; osculum
spongocoel; choanocytes
osculum; cilia
spongocoel; spicules
spongocoel; choanocytes
Select all of the following that can be components of the skeleton of a sponge.
Multiple select question.
Cellulose
Chitin
Silica spicules
Calcium carbonate spicules
Water (a hydrostatic skeleton)
Spongin fibers
Silica spicules
Calcium carbonate spicules
Spongin fibers
Select all that apply
How do sponges reproduce? Choose all that apply.
Multiple select question.
A small fragment or bud may detach and form new sponge.
Sperm and eggs are both released into the water column to fuse and develop into swimming larvae.
Eggs are released first and sink to the substrate, where sperm that are released later fertilize them and they develop in place into sessile adults.
Male and female buds are released from the parent sponge, which produce sperm and eggs that fuse and develop into swimming larvae.
Sperm are released into the water and fertilize eggs in the mesohyl of another sponge, developing into swimming larvae.
A small fragment or bud may detach and form new sponge.
Sperm are released into the water and fertilize eggs in the mesohyl of another sponge, developing into swimming larvae.
Select all that apply
Which of the following are characteristics of members of the Cnidaria phylum?
Multiple select question.
Found in marine or freshwater habitats
Possess a mesoglea
Possess three germ layers
Includes sponges
Found in marine or freshwater habitats
Possess a mesoglea
Sponges are members of the phylum ________
Porifera
In cnidarians, the ________ stage is sessile whereas the __________ stage is motile.
Polyp; Medusa
What sentence best describes the feeding mechanism of a sponge?
Multiple choice question.
Siphons draw water into body of the sponge, where particulate food items are trapped by a layer of mucus.
Tiny food particles are trapped by flagellated cells as water is drawn through pores in the body of the sponge and exits via the osculum.
Tentacles capture prey items, which are then drawn into the mouth and digested in the gastrovascular cavity.
Tiny food particles are trapped by flagellated cells as water is drawn through pores in the body of the sponge and exits via the osculum.
In cnidarians, each cnidocyte has a hairlike trigger called a ______ on its surface. When it is stimulated, it can lead to the discharge of the ______, which is used in defense or capture of prey.
Multiple choice question.
cnidocil; nematocyst
statocyst; ocelli
cnidocyte; statocyst
nematocyst; cnidocil
cnidocil; nematocyst
What are the roles of spongin protein and spicules in sponges?
Multiple choice question.
Skeletal support
Toxic defensive chemicals
Capture plankton out of the water
Create water flow into the spongocoel
Skeletal support
Organisms that undergo protostome development and possess either a lophophore or a distinct trochophore larval stage are members of what major animal clade?
Multiple choice question.
Ecdysozoa
Lophotrochozoa
Deuterostomia
Radiata
Lophotrochozoa
True or False: In sponge sexual reproduction, the fertilized egg develops into a swimming larva.
True false question.
True
False
True
Bilateral animals belong to three major clades: __________, ecdysoza, and ___________
lophotrochozoa; deuterostomia
Cnidarians are found in ______ environments and possess ______ embryonic germ layers.
Multiple choice question.
aquatic; two
soil; three
soil; two
aquatic; three
aquatic; two
To which phylum do flatworms belong?
Multiple choice question.
Chordata
Rotifera
Platyhelminthes
Lophotrochozoa
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Which of the following statements about the body forms of cnidarians is TRUE?
Multiple choice question.
The polyp is motile and the medusa is sessile
Both the polyp and medusa are sessile, but they differ in size
The polyp is sessile and the medusa is motile
Both the polyp and medusa are motile, but they differ in size
The polyp is sessile and the medusa is motile
Select all that apply
Members of the phylum Platyhelminthes have which of the following characteristics?
Multiple select question.
They exhibit cephalization.
They are acoelomate.
They have mesoderm.
They are diploblastic.
They have a complete digestive system.
They exhibit cephalization.
They are acoelomate.
They have mesoderm.
Cnidarians are able to defend themselves in what way?
Multiple choice question.
Rapid color change for camouflage
Use of specialized stinging cells known as cnidocytes
Numerous sharp spicules to deter predators
Release of ink from surface cnidocils to facilitate escape
Use of specialized stinging cells known as cnidocytes
Which of the following organisms have a pseudocoelom and a ciliated crown?
Multiple choice question.
Flatworms
Rotifers
Mollusks
Lancelets
Cnidarians
Rotifers
Which of the following are distinguishing characteristics of the Lophotrochozoa clade?
Multiple select question.
An endoskeleton
Protostome development
A body plan consisting of a foot, visceral mass, and mantle
Pharyngeal gill slits
A lophophore or a distinct trochophore larval stage
Protostome development (the formation of a mouth before the anus)
A lophophore or a distinct trochophore larval stage
Select all that apply
The lophophore, the structure characteristic of lophophorates, plays important roles in which of the following processes?
Multiple select question.
Protection
Feeding
Respiration
Movement
Reproduction
Feeding
Respiration
Select all that apply
What are the three clades of bilateral animals?
Multiple select question.
Lophotrochozoa
Deuterostomia
Ecdysozoa
Parazoa
Trophozoa
Lophotrochozoa
Deuterostomia
Ecdysozoa
Select all that apply
Of the organisms listed, which are members of the Mollusca phylum?
Multiple select question.
Chitons
Brachiopods
Clams
Snails
Tunicates
Chitons
Clams
Snails
Flatworms are members of the phylum _________
Platyhelminthes
Mollusks have a soft body, which may be covered by a tough external _________. Their basic body plan consists of three parts: a muscular _____________ (used for movement), a(n) ___________ mass (which contains the internal organs), and a(n) ___________ (which produces the shell in mollusks that have one).
Shell; foot; visceral; mantle
Acoelomate organisms that have a flattened body make up the phylum:
Multiple choice question.
Echinodermata
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Members of the phylum Rotifera get their name from their:, which have a known as a corona that is used in locomotion and feeding?
Multiple choice question.
flagellated tail
ciliated crown
ciliated tail
flagellated crown
ciliated crown
Some invertebrate organisms possess a crown of tentacles called a(n) ______ that functions in feeding and respiration.
Multiple choice question.
colloblast
choanocyte
lophophore
trochophore
lophophore
Members of what phylum can be described as such: segmented organisms that have a complete digestive system, a ventral nerve cord, and a coelom that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton?
Multiple choice question.
Arthropoda
Brachiopoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Annelida
Snails, clams, octopuses, and chitons are all members of the phylum _________
mollusca
With one exception, the following are characteristics common to all mollusks. Which characteristic is NOT found in all mollusks?
Multiple choice question.
Mantle
Coelom
Soft body
Visceral mass
Radula
Radula
Leeches and earthworms are examples of organisms in the phylum _______
Annelida
Which of the following are the three major advantages of segmentation?
Multiple select question.
Cephalization
Redundancy of organs
Enhanced predation
Metamorphosis
Enhanced locomotion
Specialization
Redundancy of organs
Enhanced locomotion
Specialization
The phylum Annelida consists of the _______ worms
segmented
What is ecdysis?
Multiple choice question.
The process of changing from a juvenile to adult form
The ability to regenerate lost body parts
The relationship between a parasite and its host
The process of molting or shedding a cuticle
The process of molting or shedding a cuticle
The phylogenetic grouping of nematodes and arthropods into Ecdysozoa suggests that ______ arose only once in evolution.
Multiple choice question.
pseudocoelomates
segmentation
a worm-like body plan
molting
flight
molting
Small, thin worms that usually range from 1 mm to 5 cm in length.
Multiple choice question.
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Ctenophora
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Nematoda
Select all that apply
Which of the following are examples of annelids?
Multiple select question.
Nematodes
Flatworms
Tube worms
Leeches
Earthworms
Tube worms
Leeches
Earthworms
Repetition of body parts, minimization of distortion during movement, and specialization of body regions are the three major advantages of _________ in annelids/
segmentation
Select all that apply
All members of the phylum Arthropoda have what characteristics?
Multiple select question.
An exoskeleton composed of chitin and protein
Jointed legs
Segmentation
A closed circulatory system
Eight legs and chelicerae
An exoskeleton composed of chitin and protein
Jointed legs
Segmentation
The periodic shedding of the exoskeleton (cuticle) is known as molting or ________
ecdysis
Which of the following are characteristics of both Nematoda and Arthropoda?
Multiple select question.
In the clade Lophotrochozoa
Grow by molting their cuticle
In the clade Ecdysozoa
Have segmented bodies
Are filter feeders
Grow by molting their cuticle
In the clade Ecdysozoa
Select all that apply
Which of the following statements are true of members of the phylum Nematoda? Choose all that apply.
Multiple select question.
They undergo ecdysis
Found exclusively in aquatic environments
Many species are parasitic
Range in length from 1 cm to 50 cm
Also called round worms
They undergo ecdysis
Many species are parasitic
Also called round worms
Select all that apply
Features of the arthropod body plan include:
Multiple select question.
jointed appendages
a muscular foot
a water vascular system
a cuticle composed of chitin and protein
segments fused into tagmata
compound eyes composed of ommatidia
jointed appendages
a cuticle composed of chitin and protein
segments fused into tagmata
compound eyes composed of ommatidia
The phyla _________ and ____________ are included in the Deuterostomia clade because their members undergo deuterostome embryonic development.
echinoderms; chordates
Segmented organisms with jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton composed of chitin make up the phylum _______
arthropods
Select all that apply
Which of the following are characteristics of echinoderms?
Multiple select question.
Tube feet
Endoskeleton composed of calcareous plates
Presence of a notochord
Bilateral symmetry at all life stages
Presence of a water vascular system
Protostome development
Tube feet
Endoskeleton composed of calcareous plates
Presence of a water vascular system
True or false: Echinoderms and chordates are closely related, both have endoskeletons and deuterostome development.
True false question.
True
False
True
Members of the phylum _____ have a cuticle composed of chitin and protein, jointed appendages, and segments fused into functional units called tagmata.
arthropods
What phyla are included in the Deuterostomia clade?
Multiple select question.
Cnidaria
Annelida
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Chordata
Mollusca
Echinodermata
Chordata
What statement most accurately describes the skeletons of chordates and echinoderms?
Multiple choice question.
In echinoderms it provides protection, but in chordates it allows for muscle attachment within the body and facilitates complex movements.
In both echinoderms and chordates, it functions in protection of the body.
In both echinoderms and chordates, it provides a location for muscle attachment within the body, allowing for complex movements.
In chordates it provides protection, but in echinoderms it allows for muscle attachment within the body and facilitates complex movements.
In echinoderms it provides protection, but in chordates it allows for muscle attachment within the body and facilitates complex movements.
MATCH THE TERMS
Porifera Cnidaria Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata
Asymmetrical; no true tissues; choanocytes move water through the body wall and trap food particles
Bilateral symmetry; triploblastic; body plan comprised of a foot, visceral mass, and mantle; some species have a shell for protection
Larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry, adults radial; triploblastic; tube feet; deuterostome development; endoskeleton composed of ossicles
Radial symmetry; diploblastic; polyp and medusa forms; stinging cells
Bilateral symmetry; triploblastic; segmented; a hard cuticle composed primarily of chitin; ecdysis
1A 2D 3B 4E 5C
Which of the following statements is true regarding echinoderms and chordates?
Multiple choice question.
Both have endoskeletons and undergo protostome development
Both have endoskeletons and undergo deuterostome development
Both have exoskeletons and undergo protostome development.
Both have exoskeletons and undergo deuterostome development
Both have endoskeletons and undergo deuterostome development
The endoskeleton of organisms in the phylum ______ is similar to those of arthropods by providing protection to the animal, whereas the endoskeleton of members of the phylum __________ is located deep within the body, providing an attachment site for muscles and the ability to execute complex movements.
Echinodermata, chordata
What is the primary function of the water vascular system of a starfish?
Question 1 options:
Movement
Respiration
Reproduction
All of the above
A and B only
A and B only
Imagine a Poriferan that has lost its ability to produce spicules. What do you predict would happen to this sponge?
Question 2 options:
It would be less able to pass chemical messages from cell to cell
It would not be able to create a current through the sponge
It would be less able to avoid damage during predatory attacks
Its ability to move would decrease
It would be less able to avoid damage during predatory attacks
I have an animal in front of me with radial symmetry, is transparent in color, has long tentacles and a complete gut with both mouth and anus. This animal must be a member of which phylum?
Question 3 options:
Ctenophora
Echinodermata
Porifera
Platyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Cnidaria
You are a physician and a your patient describes symptoms of gastrointestinal distress and has noticed something in his stool. You examine it and find a worm-shaped organism with a flat body, bilateral symmetry, incomplete digestive system and protonephridia. You recognize that your patient was infected with a(n)
Question 4 options:
Roundworm from the Phylum Nematoda
Tapeworm from the Phylum Arthropoda
Tapeworm from the Phylum Platyhelminthes
Insect from the Phylum Arthropoda
Tapeworm from the Phylum Platyhelminthes
I have an animal in front of me that is asymmetrical, has no tissues layers and eats plankton. This animal is a member of which phylum?
Question 5 options:
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Porifera
Echinodermata
Platyhelminthes
Porifera
Sea stars eat oysters so oyster fisherman used to catch them, chop them in half and throw them back into the ocean. Based on what you know about sea stars, what do you think happened to the population of sea starts in the area?
Question 6 options:
It stayed the same as the sea stars increased their reproductive rate in response
It increased, as each sea star regrew from the two halves
It went extinct as the fishermen eventually killed all of the sea stars
It decreased as the fishermen continued to kill the sea stars
It increased, as each sea star regrew from the two halves
If a mutation occurred in a flatworm such that the flame cells no longer functioned, what do you predict would be the consequence?
Question 7 options:
Excretory function would be impaired
The parasitic forms could no longer hold onto their host
Digestive function would be impaired
Nerve function would be impaired
Excretory function would be impaired
You were digging in the sand at the bottom of the shallow ocean and found a small worm-shaped animal. It has a postanal tail, bilateral symmetry and a notochord. What is the correct classification for this organism?
Question 9 options:
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Chordata
Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Chordata
Your lab group is charged with the identification of an unknown creature. Your lab partners believe that is a small annelid because of its wormlike appearance. You argue it is a nematode. To convince your lab partners, you point out certain distinguishing characteristics. Which characteristic here is associated with the nematodes?
Question 11 options:
Fertilization takes place externally
Nematodes possess both longitudinal and circular muscles
Their pseudocoelom functions both as a circulatory system and a hydrostatic skeleton
Nematodes secrete an internal cuticle, which is made primarily of collagen
Their pseudocoelom functions both as a circulatory system and a hydrostatic skeleton
Sponges are able to create currents throughout their bodies using
Question 13 options:
Spongocoels
Choanocytes
Spicules
Ameboid cells
Choanocytes
I have an animal in front of me with bilateral symmetry, repeated segments that each have setae, a complete gut and a trochophore larva. This animal must be a member of which phylum?
Question 14 options:
Echinodermata
Annelida
Platyhelminthes
Arthropoda
Cnidaria
Annelida
You have been out on the boat with friends and have pulled up a new creature in a net that was on the bottom of the ocean. This animal has an external cuticle, jointed appendages, and a body consisting of a cephalothorax and abdomen. What is the accurate classification for this animal?
Question 15 options:
Phylum Nematoda, Class Diplopoda
Subphylum Myriapoda, Class Chilopoda
Phylum Annelida, Class Hirudinea
Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustacea
Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustacea
