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Biology 2 > Chapter 51: The Reproductive Systems (Questions/Quiz) > Flashcards

Chapter 51: The Reproductive Systems (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards

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1
Q

The creation of new individuals from existing ones is defined as ____________.

A

Blank 1: reproduction

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2
Q

In the animal kingdom, there are two general types of reproduction: __________ and _________ reproduction.

A

Blank 1: sexual

Blank 2: asexual

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3
Q

Haploid reproductive cells are called __________

A

Blank 1: gametes

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4
Q

Offspring that are genetically different from their parents are generated through __________ reproduction.

A

Blank 1: sexual

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5
Q

Reproduction without the union of male and female gametes is referred to as ____________ reproduction.

A

Blank 1: asexual

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6
Q

The processes by which organisms replicate themselves and multiply is known as _________.

A

Blank 1: reproduction

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7
Q

The two main types of reproduction in animals are known as _____.

Multiple choice question.

horizontal and vertical

sexual and asexual

vertebrate and invertebrate

binary and multiple

A

sexual and asexual

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8
Q

A female gamete is called a(n) _____.

Multiple choice question.

ovum

endospore

uterus

spermatozoon

zygote

A

ovum

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9
Q

In sexual reproduction, haploid cells called _________ from two different parents join to form a diploid cell.

A

gametes

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10
Q

Select all that apply

Select all of the types of asexual reproduction seen in animals.

Multiple select question.

Regeneration

Fission

Fertilization

Parthenogenesis

Budding

A

Regeneration

Parthenogenesis

Budding

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11
Q

Asexual and sexual reproduction are similar in that _____.

Multiple choice question.

both result in passing chromosomes to the next generation

both result in increased genetic diversity in the offspring

both involve the fusion of two haploid cells

both involve the fusion of two diploid cells

A

both result in passing chromosomes to the next generation

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12
Q

All of the following are advantages of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction EXCEPT:

Multiple choice question.

it allows for rapid reproduction at any time

it allows an individual to reproduce in isolation

it produces large numbers of offspring

it produces genetically-diverse offspring

A

it produces genetically-diverse offspring

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13
Q

Male and female gametes are formed in the _______.

A

Blank 1: gonads

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14
Q

Male gametes are called _____, which is usually shortened to sperm cells.

Multiple choice question.

spermatozoa

spermatogonia

spermatophores

spermatocytes

A

spermatozoa

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15
Q

Germ cells constitute the starting material of gametogenesis. These divide by _____ resulting in _____ cells called spermatogonia or oogonia.

Multiple choice question.

meiosis; diploid

mitosis; diploid

mitosis; haploid

meiosis; haploid

A

mitosis; diploid

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16
Q

Animals use one of three major types of asexual reproduction: _______, _________, and __________.

A

Blank 1: budding
Blank 2: parthenogenesis
Blank 3: regeneration

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17
Q

In a male animal, the cells that begin meiosis are called ___________ __________.

A

Blank 1: primary

Blank 2: spermatocytes

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18
Q

In the context of species survival, the major difference between asexual and sexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction allows for greater genetic ________ due to the mechanism of genetic ________.

A

Blank 1: variation, variety, diversity, differences, variance, or variability
Blank 2: recombination, crossing-over, crossovers, crossing over, or cross over

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19
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the formation of male gametes in humans?

Multiple choice question.

Spermatogenesis

Parthenogenesis

Androgenesis

Gametogenesis

Oogenesis

A

Spermatogenesis

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20
Q

Which of the following statements about the types of reproduction is TRUE?

Multiple choice question.

Asexual reproduction is more advantageous for nonmotile animals; sexual reproduction is more advantageous for animals living in stable environments.

Sexual reproduction is more advantageous for BOTH nonmotile animals and those that live in stable environments.

Sexual reproduction is more advantageous for nonmotile animals; asexual reproduction is more advantageous for animals living in stable environments.

Asexual reproduction is more advantageous for BOTH nonmotile animals and those that live in stable environments.

A

Asexual reproduction is more advantageous for BOTH nonmotile animals and those that live in stable environments.

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21
Q

The process that occurs in the ovaries which results in the production of female gametes is ________.

A

Blank 1: oogenesis

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22
Q

The male gonads are called the _________, while the female gonads are called the __________.

A

testes; ovaries

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23
Q

How many haploid gametes are formed by spermatogenesis?

Multiple choice question.

4

8

1

2

6

A

4

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24
Q

Gametogenesis begins with diploid cells called _________ cells, which multiply by mitosis.

A

Blank 1: germ

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25
Q

The union of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote is called ___________.

A

Blank 1: fertilization

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26
Q

Which of the following are the cells that begin meiosis in female animals?

Multiple choice question.

Ootids

Secondary oocytes

Primary oocytes

Oogonia

A

Primary oocytes

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27
Q

Fishes reproduce by _________ fertilization.

A

Blank 1: external

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28
Q

The formation of haploid sperm from the original diploid germ cell is ____________

A

Blank 1: spermatogenesis

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29
Q

In most amphibians, females release a _____.

Multiple choice question.

single egg every time

large number of eggs at once

few eggs at once

A

large number of eggs at once

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30
Q

The production of egg cells in humans is a process called _____.

Multiple choice question.

spermatogenesis

oogenesis

parthenogenesis

cytogenesis

A

oogenesis

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31
Q

What best describes the process by which males deposit sperm within the female reproductive tract?

Multiple choice question.

Conjugation

Transduction

Copulation

Transformation

A

Copulation

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32
Q

The number of functional gametes produced during oogenesis is _____ the number of gametes produced during spermatogenesis.

Multiple choice question.

more than

fewer than

the same as

A

fewer than

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33
Q

The external structures of the male reproductive tract include the ____________ and the _________.

A

Blank 1: penis

Blank 2: scrotum

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34
Q

Which of the following groups of animals reproduce by external fertilization?

Multiple choice question.

Birds

Sheep

Fish

Humans

A

Fish

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35
Q

Which of the following is a neurohormone-synthesizing structure that lies at the base of the brain?

Multiple choice question.

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Prostate gland

Thyroid gland

A

Hypothalamus

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36
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following are challenges that externally fertilized eggs may face?

Multiple select question.

Desiccation after fertilization

Potentially lethal changes due to water temperature

Washed downstream by currents

Predator ingestion

A

Potentially lethal changes due to water temperature

Washed downstream by currents

Predator ingestion

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37
Q

The act of transferring sperm to the female reproductive tract is called _____.

Multiple choice question.

ovulation

copulation

spermatogenesis

ejaculation

A

copulation

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38
Q

Fertilization in the human female reproductive tract usually occurs in the __________.

A

Blank 1: oviducts or oviduct

39
Q

The sac which holds the male’s testes outside of the body cavity is called the _____.

Multiple choice question.

scrotum

penis

seminal vesicle

epididymis

A

scrotum

40
Q

Which of the following statements about gametogenesis is true?

Multiple choice question.

Spermatogenesis is continual, whereas oogenesis is cyclical.

Spermatogenesis is cyclical, whereas oogenesis is continual.

Both spermatogenesis and oogenesis are cyclical.

Both spermatogenesis and oogenesis are continual.

A

Spermatogenesis is continual, whereas oogenesis is cyclical.

41
Q

A structure at the base of the brain which produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone is called the _________.

A

Blank 1: hypothalamus

42
Q

Stimulating the development of the uterus in the event of a pregnancy by hormone production is the role of the corpus __________

A

Blank 1: luteum

43
Q

Which of the following structures is produced from the cells of the empty follicle after ovulation?

Multiple choice question.

Corpus luteum

Labia majora

Labia minora

Corpus albicans

A

Corpus luteum

44
Q

Growth and differentiation of the follicle occur during the _________ phase of the ovarian cycle.

A

Blank 1: follicular

45
Q

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the levels of LH are ______.

Multiple choice question.

high

intermediate

low

A

low

46
Q

Oogenesis can best be described as a _____.

Multiple choice question.

continuous process that occurs in the ovaries

cyclical process that occurs in the ovaries

cyclical process that occurs in the oviducts

continuous process that occurs in the oviducts

A

cyclical process that occurs in the ovaries

47
Q

Ovulation signals the end of the follicular phase and the beginning of the __________ phase of the ovarian cycle.

A

Blank 1: luteal

48
Q

If a pregnancy does not occur, the ______ degenerates, and a new group of follicles with their primary oocytes develops.

Multiple choice question.

myometrium

ovary

oviduct

corpus luteum

A

corpus luteum

49
Q

The dominant ovarian hormone of the luteal phase is ________. It inhibits LH and FSH secretion, and it further prepares the uterus for receiving and nourishing the embryo.

A

Blank 1: progesterone

50
Q

After ovulation, cells in the empty follicle proliferate and develop into a structure called the ________ _________.

A

Blank 1: corpus

Blank 2: luteum

51
Q

if fertilization does occur, the blastocyst develops a surrounding layer of cells that secrete an LH-like hormone, called chorionic gonadotropin, which maintains the ________ ________ and its ability to secrete progesterone.

A

Blank 1: corpus

Blank 2: luteum

52
Q

The first half of the ovarian cycle is referred to as the _____ phase.

Multiple choice question.

fertilization

uterine

menstrual

follicular

vaginal

A

follicular

53
Q

Low levels of LH during the follicular phase stimulate the cells of the follicle to produce _______.

FSH

eggs

progesterone

estradiol

A

estradiol

54
Q

A surge of LH on the fourteenth day of the human ovarian cycle causes a mature ______ to rupture and ______ to occur.

Multiple choice question.

blastocoel; fertilization

follicle; fertilization

blastocoel; ovulation

follicle; ovulation

A

follicle; ovulation

55
Q

Which hormone is tested for by some home pregnancy tests?

Multiple choice question.

Estrogen

Progesterone

Chorionic gonadotropin

Luteinizing hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Chorionic gonadotropin

56
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following statements about the luteal phase is TRUE?

Multiple select question.

It has continuous high levels of FSH and LH.

The dominant ovarian hormone is progesterone.

It ends with ovulation.

It follows the follicular phase.

It is named after the corpus luteum.

A

The dominant ovarian hormone is progesterone.

It follows the follicular phase.

It is named after the corpus luteum.

57
Q

In humans, the uterine cycle, or ________ cycle deals with the development of the _________, the glandular inner layer of the uterus.

A

Blank 1: menstrual

Blank 2: endometrium

58
Q

Chorionic gonadotropin maintains the corpus luteum and its ability to secrete _____.

Multiple choice question.

luteinizing hormone

androgens

progesterone

follicle stimulating hormone

A

progesterone

59
Q

The time during which a developing embryo and fetus grows in the mother’s uterus is called a _________.

A

Blank 1: pregnancy or gestation

60
Q

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the levels of LH are ______.

high

intermediate

low

A

low

61
Q

In most mammals, the the organ that provides nourishment and oxygen to the fetus and helps dispose of its metabolic wastes is the __________.

A

Blank 1: placenta

62
Q

Another name for the uterine cycle is the _____ cycle.

Multiple choice question.

menstrual

vaginal

follicular

A

menstrual

63
Q

Pregnancy, or _____ is the time during which a developing embryo and fetus grows in the mother’s uterus.

Multiple choice question.

Parturition

Fertilization

Gestation

Conception

A

Gestation

64
Q

Very strong, rhythmic uterine contractions indicate that ______ has begun.

A

Blank 1: labor

65
Q

Embryonic development is BEST described as the process by which a(n) ________ is transformed into an organism with distinct physiological systems and body parts.

Multiple choice question.

cavity

somite

zygote

adult

A

zygote

66
Q

In the early stages of vertebrate development, the process of cleavage yields successive cells that _____.

Multiple choice question.

grow larger and larger

are about the same size as the original zygote

become smaller and smaller

begin cellular differentiation immediately

A

become smaller and smaller

67
Q

The organ that connects the embryo to the blood vessels of the mother’s endometrium is the ________.

A

Blank 1: placenta

68
Q

During embryonic development, the blastula or blastocyst develops into a highly organized structure called a(n) _________ as a result of major cell movements.

A

Blank 1: gastrula

69
Q

The binding of oxytocin to its receptors initiates strong uterine muscle contractions that highlight _____.

Multiple choice question.

ovulation

labor

implantation

lactation

A

labor

70
Q

Which of the following processes occur during neurulation?

Multiple choice question.

Establishment of the three germ layers

Invagination and involution

Formation of the PGCs

Formation of the CNS

A

Formation of the CNS

71
Q

The process by which a fertilized egg is transformed into an organism with distinct physiological systems and body parts is called __________ development.

A

Blank 1: embryonic

72
Q

A specialized structure that consists of arrangements of two or more tissue types is referred to as a(n) _______.

A

Blank 1: organ

73
Q

The initial cell cycles of embryos are unique because they involve repeated cell divisions without cell growth. The process by which these cell cycles occur is called __________.

A

Blank 1: cleavage

74
Q

_____ is the inability of a man to produce sufficient numbers or quality of sperm to impregnate a woman, or the inability of a woman to become pregnant or maintain a pregnancy.

Multiple choice question.

Infertility

Senescence

Apoptosis

Impotence

Consanguinity

A

Infertility

75
Q

The multistep embryonic process responsible for initiating CNS formation is _________.

A

neurulation

76
Q

Which of the following procedures involves a first step of placing together sperm and eggs in culture dishes?

Multiple choice question.

External fertilization

Artificial insemination

Tubal ligation

In vitro fertilization

A

In vitro fertilization

77
Q

The use of methods to prevent ______ is termed contraception.

Multiple choice question.

menstruation

gametogenesis

regeneration

fertilization

A

fertilization

78
Q

Placing sperm and eggs together in culture dishes, allowing fertilization to proceed and embryos to develop before introducing them into a woman’s __________ with the goal that one will implant are all elements of the technique of _________ _________ fertilization.

A

Blank 1: uterus
Blank 2: in
Blank 3: vitro

79
Q

[Quiz Start]

Which of these gland-hormone pairs is mismatched?
Question 1 options:

adrenal-parathyroid hormone

thyroid-thyroid hormone

anterior pituitary-growth hormone

ovaries-progesterone

pancreas-insulin

A

adrenal-parathyroid hormone

80
Q

In our case study, we compared asexual and sexual reproduction. Which of the following is not a potential advantage of asexual reproduction?
Question 2 options:

It allows animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates.

It produces genetically diverse populations.

It allows animals that are genetically well suited to a particular environment to quickly expand their populations.

It saves the time and energy required to produce gametes.

A

It produces genetically diverse populations.

81
Q

In our case study, we learned about different methods of reproduction. Hermaphrodites are animals that
Question 3 options:

possess both male and female reproductive systems.

must fertilize themselves.

have the gonads of one sex but the external appearance of the other.

develop from unfertilized eggs.

A

must fertilize themselves.

WRONG

82
Q

The sharp peak of estradiol secretion during the ovarian cycle
Question 4 options:

inhibits progesterone production.

stimulates growth of the uterine lining.

inhibits the secretion of LH and FSH.

stimulates the secretion of LH and ovulation.

stimulates completion of meiosis I.

A

stimulates growth of the uterine lining.

WRONG

83
Q

Thyroid hormone is to amphibian metamorphosis as this compound is to insect molting.
Question 5 options:

ecdysone

aldosterone

butterfly peptide

estrogen

cortisol

A

ecdysone

84
Q

Which of the following lists the structures of the male reproductive tract in the proper order from sperm production to ejaculation?
Question 6 options:

epididymis, seminiferous tubules, ejaculatory duct, vas deferens, urethra

seminal vesicles, vas deferens, prostate, urethra, ejaculatory duct

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

vas deferens, epididymis, seminiferous tubules, ejaculatory duct, urethra

vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, urethra

A

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

85
Q

What can be said about peptide hormones?
Question 7 options:

They bind intracellular receptors to elicit a response on target cells.

They bind membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells.

They are generally water-soluble.

They are lipid soluble.

They are water-soluble and bind to membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells.

A

They are water-soluble and bind to membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells.

86
Q

What are the three glands that produce the liquid portion of semen?
Question 8 options:

prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral

seminal vesicle, Leydig, hypothalamus

hypothalamus, prostate, Leydig

seminal vesicles, hypothalamus, bulbourethral

Leydig, prostate, bulbourethral

A

prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral

87
Q

Parathyroid hormone’s main function is to
Question 9 options:

increase insulin-like growth factor I and linear body growth.

synergize with thyroid hormone in various functions.

increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone.

increase glucose mobilization during stress or fasting.

increase sodium through reabsorption from kidney.

A

increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone.

88
Q

A problem with the action or production of this substance leads to both type I and type II diabetes mellitus.
Question 10 options:

insulin

thyroid hormone

growth hormone

glucagon

cortisol

A

insulin

89
Q

In what order do sperm move through the structures of the female reproductive tract?
Question 11 options:

endometrium, cervix, uterus, oviduct

vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct

ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina

vagina, uterus, oviduct, ovary

cervix, vagina, uterus, oviduct

A

vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct

90
Q

What is true of the corpus luteum?
Question 12 options:

Secretions of the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for implantation of the embryo.

Secretions of the corpus luteum stimulate LH and FSH secretion.

Secretions of the corpus luteum induce maturation of primary oocytes.

The major hormone secreted from the corpus luteum is LH.

The major hormone secreted from the corpus luteum is estradiol.

A

Secretions of the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for implantation of the embryo.

91
Q

Fertilization in the female reproductive tract typically occurs in the
Question 13 options:

ovary.

upper part of the oviduct.

lower part of the oviduct.

uterus.

A

upper part of the oviduct.

92
Q

In humans, a secondary oocyte finishes meiosis II

Question 14 options:

following ovulation once a month.

Upon release from the ovary.

in the fetus of the female before birth.

before ovulation once a month.

only if fertilized.

A

Upon release from the ovary.

WRONG

93
Q

Gametes are
Question 15 options:

polyploid cells formed from mitosis.

diploid cells formed from mitosis.

haploid cells formed from meiosis.

haploid cells formed from mitosis.

diploid cells formed from meiosis.

A

haploid cells formed from mitosis.

WRONG

Biology 2 (61 decks)

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