Chapter 48: The Circulatory & Respiratory Systems (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards
[Circulatory System Questions Start]
The simplest type of circulation occurs in animals that have a gastrovascular cavity. Apart from that, animals have two basic types of circulatory systems: _________ systems and __________ systems.
Blank 1: open
Blank 2: closed
An open circulatory system is found in arthropods such as the honeybee. It consists of one or more contractile ________, which pump a fluid called _________ through open-ended vessels.
Blank 1: hearts or heart
Blank 2: hemolymph
Select all that apply
Which of the following statements are true about closed circulatory systems?
Multiple select question.
Blood is transported throughout the body in vessels.
Circulatory fluid is pumped under pressure.
Circulating fluid returns to the heart through ostia.
Closed systems can generally repair themselves when injured.
Circulating fluid mixes with interstitial fluid to allow for maximal rates of nutrient diffusion.
Blood is transported throughout the body in vessels.
Circulatory fluid is pumped under pressure.
Closed systems can generally repair themselves when injured.
What are the blood vessels which carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
Multiple choice question.
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
Arteries
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the _______.
heart
Three types of circulation that exist in animals are open circulatory systems, closed circulatory systems, and ________ cavities.
Blank 1: gastrovascular
Which of the following animals have a two-chambered heart, with one atrium and one ventricle?
Multiple choice question.
Birds
Fishes
Crocodiles
Mammals
Fishes
Select all that apply
What components are found in the open circulatory system of arthropods and some mollusks?
Multiple select question.
Vessels
Capillaries that connect arterioles to venules
Clotting factors
Heart(s)
Hemolymph
Vessels
Heart(s)
Hemolymph
The fluid in a closed circulatory system which remains within vessels is called _________.
blood
In a double circulation, ________ and __________ blood are completely separated into two distinct circuits.
Blank 1: oxygenated or O2-rich
Blank 2: de-oxygenated, O2-poor, or deoxygenated
In closed circulatory systems, blood is transported away from the heart in vessels called _________.
Blank 1: artery or arteries
In terrestrial vertebrates with double circulation, blood that has been oxygenated in the lungs flows to the ______ before it is re-pumped to the rest of the body.
Multiple choice question.
left atrium
pulmonary arteries
brain
left ventricle
left atrium
Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are called ________.
veins
In double circulation which of the following heart chambers pumps the oxygenated blood to the body tissues?
Multiple choice question.
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
The animals in which single circulation is found are ________.
Fish
The blood moves nutrients and the gas ______ to all cells, and takes away from them waste products, including the gas __________ and other breakdown products of metabolism.
Blank 1: O2 or oxygen
Blank 2: CO2, carbon dioxide, or carbondioxide
Which of the following statements best describes double circulation?
Multiple choice question.
An open circulatory system with two distinct circuits
An open circulatory system with a heart that contains two chambers
A closed circulatory system with a heart that contains two chambers
A closed circulatory system with two distinct circuits
A closed circulatory system with two distinct circuits
Which of the following best describes plasma’s role in blood?
Multiple choice question.
Transports only cells
Transports only dissolved substances
Plasma has no significant role in blood
Transports cells and many dissolved substances
Transports cells and many dissolved substances
In double circulation, what chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
Multiple choice question.
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Select all that apply
Vertebrate blood is made up of four main components. What are they?
Multiple select question.
Platelets
Plasma
Lymph
Hemolymph
Adipocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Platelets
Plasma
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
In double circulation, deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body tissues first enters the ______.
Multiple choice question.
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium
left atrium
right atrium
The term erythrocytes refers to ______.
Multiple choice question.
plasma
white blood cells
megakaryocytes
platelets
red blood cells
red blood cells
What is the main function of red blood cells?
Multiple choice question.
They are instrumental in the immune response of the animal.
They transport iron throughout the body.
They transport oxygen throughout the body.
They transport dissolved ions, such as Na+ and Cl- throughout the body.
They transport oxygen throughout the body.
The transport medium of animals with closed circulatory systems is called the _________.
blood
What cells contain large amounts of hemoglobin?
Multiple choice question.
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Platelets
Erythrocytes
Select all that apply
Plasma transports which of the following:
Multiple select question.
hormones
cells that transport oxygen
cells of the immune system
proteins
nerve signals
hormones
cells that transport oxygen
cells of the immune system
proteins
Match the following terms that relate to the circulatory system with their descriptions/definitions.
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Plasma
Platelet
Cell fragment involved in blood clotting
Solution of water and solutes
White blood cell
Red blood cell
Eryth/Red blood cell
Leukocyte/White blood cell
Plasma/solution
Platelet/Cell fragment
The venae cavae return blood to the _______ atrium, and the pulmonary veins return blood to the ________ atrium.
Blank 1: right
Blank 2: left
In the mammalian heart, the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented by the presence of the atrioventricular _________.
Valves or AV valves
Cardiac muscle cells are also called ______.
Multiple choice question.
nodes
thrombocytes
myocytes
intercalated discs
myocytes
Which of the following is the main protein found in erythrocytes?
Multiple choice question.
Thrombin
Calmodulin
Hemoglobin
Erythropoietin
Hemoglobin
The electrical excitation of the vertebrate heart has two phases: _________ and ___________
Blank 1: atrial
Blank 2: ventricular
Select all that apply
What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?
Multiple select question.
Systemic
Cardiac
Systole
Ventricular
Diastole
Atrial
Systole
Diastole
The _________ ventricle pumps blood into the aorta, and the _____________ ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk.
Blank 1: left
Blank 2: right
Which structure(s) in the mammalian heart prevents the backflow of blood?
Multiple choice question.
Aorta
Valves
Vena cava
Septum
Valves
What does an electrocardiogram measure?
Multiple choice question.
Electrical potentials between various points in the body
Blood pressure
Electrical potentials between various chambers in the heart
Ion balance in the heart itself
Electrical potentials between various points in the body
Reason: EKG measurements are recorded at the surface of the body and therefore can only measures electrical potentials between different points on the body’s surface.
What are myocytes?
Multiple choice question.
Nerves that stimulate cardiac muscle cells
Valves located between the atria and the ventricles
Cells that compose the endothelium of the blood vessels
Cardiac muscle cells
Cardiac muscle cells
Blood flows from arterioles into the smallest blood vessels, which are called ________ and are where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between the blood and surrounding cells.
Blank 1: capillaries or capillary
In vertebrates, the electrical excitation of the heart occurs in two phases. What are they called?
Multiple select question.
Myogenic
Ventricular
Atrial
Diastole
Neurogenic
Systole
Ventricular
Atrial
Systole and Diastole are referring to the cardiac cycle.
The cardiac cycle has two phases: _________ and ________.
Blank 1: diastole
Blank 2: systole
The ______ layer of a blood vessel is one-cell thick and is in contact with the blood.
Multiple choice question.
connective tissue
elastin
smooth muscle
endothelium
endothelium
The venae cavae return blood to the ________ atrium, and the pulmonary veins return blood to the _________ atrium.
Blank 1: right
Blank 2: left
The blood vessels that deliver blood to the capillaries are _________
Blank 1: arterioles or arteriole
A medical test that captures the electrical activity of the heart and is used to investigate the heart function is a(n) ______________.
Blank 1: electrocardiogram, ECG, or EKG
Arrange the vessels of the circulatory system in the order in which blood travels through them, beginning at the top with the vessels leaving the heart.
capillaries arterioles veins arteries venules
arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins
Capillaries are derived as a result of the branching of ______.
Multiple choice question.
arterioles
arteries
venules
veins
arterioles
The electrical excitation of the vertebrate heart has two phases: _________ and __________
atrial and ventricular
Which of the following vessels returns blood to the heart from the systemic circulation?
Multiple choice question.
Arterioles
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Veins
The smooth inner lining of arteries, which consists of a single cell layer, is called the ________.
Blank 1: endothelium
The tendency of blood vessels to slow down the flow of blood passing through them is called _________.
Blank 1: resistance
Arterioles connect ______.
Multiple choice question.
the atria to the ventricles
venules to veins
arteries to capillaries
arteries to veins
arteries to capillaries
Poiseuille’s law states that the blood flow through a blood vessel is _______ proportional to the difference in pressure of the blood between the beginning and end of the vessel, and _________ proportional to the resistance created by the vessel.
Blank 1: directly
Blank 2: inversely
What is the most important factor in determining resistance within an arteriole?
Multiple choice question.
The length of the arteriole
Blood viscosity within the arteriole
The radius of the arteriole
The radius of the arteriole
What term describes the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time?
Multiple choice question.
Systole
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac output
Diastole
Cardiac output
After blood leaves a capillary, it enters a(n) _______ and then a larger __________, which returns the blood to the heart.
Blank 1: venule or venules
Blank 2: vein or veins
Select all that apply
Cardiovascular disease occurs when which of the following are not functioning properly?
Multiple select question.
Blood vessels
Brain
Heart
Lungs
Blood vessels
Heart
Resistance refers to the tendency of blood vessels to ______.
Multiple choice question.
slow down the flow of blood
decrease cardiac output
increase cardiac output
increase the flow of blood
slow down the flow of blood
Select all that apply
What are the three variables related by Poiseuille’s law?
Multiple select question.
Blood type
Blood pressure
Blood flow
Resistance
Gravity
Blood pressure
Blood flow
Resistance
Narrower vessels have greater frictional _______ to blood flow.
Blank 1: resistance
Which of the following conditions/diseases account for the most deaths in the United States?
Multiple choice question.
AIDS
Influenza
All types of cancer combined
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
[Respiratory System Questions Start]
The two most prevalent gases in air (together making up approximately 99%) are __________ are __________.
Blank 1: nitrogen, N2, or N
Blank 2: oxygen, O2, O, or 02
Air is composed of about ______ O2, ______ N2, and ______ CO2 and other gases.
Multiple choice question.
78%; 1%; 21%
21%; 1%; 78%
1%; 78%; 21%
78%; 21%; 1%
21%; 78%; 1%
21%; 78%; 1%
The pressure exerted on animal body surfaces by the gases in air is known as ______ pressure.
Multiple choice question.
dynamic
vapor
atmospheric
hydrostatic
atmospheric
As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure
Multiple choice question.
increases.
decreases.
stays the same.
decreases.
At the top of a high mountain the atmospheric pressure is 380 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at this altitude?
Multiple choice question.
380 mm Hg
80 mm Hg
250 mm Hg
760 mm Hg
160 mm Hg
80 mm Hg
Identify the two major gases in air.
Multiple choice question.
Oxygen and hydrogen
Nitrogen and oxygen
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide
Nitrogen and oxygen
Knowing the solubility properties of oxygen in water and air, predict the relative amount of oxygen that can dissolve in equal volumes of water and air.
Multiple choice question.
More oxygen will dissolve in air.
The same amount of oxygen will dissolve in water and air.
More oxygen will dissolve in water.
More oxygen will dissolve in air.
The solubility of a gas in water is ______.
Multiple choice question.
generally higher in cold water than in warm water
the same regardless of the water temperature
generally higher in warm water than in cold water
generally higher in cold water than in warm water
Although it is almost imperceptible, gases in the air exert _________ on surfaces, including the bodies of animals.
Blank 1: pressure
The set of structures that allows an animal to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body is called a(n) __________ _________.
Blank 1: respiratory
Blank 2: system
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude?
Multiple choice question.
Pressure increases as altitude increases.
Pressure is constant regardless of altitude.
Pressure decreases as altitude decreases.
Pressure decreases as altitude increases.
Pressure decreases as altitude increases.
The four major types of gas-exchange organs found in different types of animals are: the body surface, tracheae, _________, and __________.
Blank 1: gills or gill
Blank 2: lungs or lung
Which of the following represents the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?
Multiple choice question.
160 mmHg
760 mmHg
460 mmHg
360 mmHg
660 mmHg
160 mmHg
In invertebrates such as cnidarians and platyhelminthes, O2 and CO2 are brought into the organism by ______.
Multiple choice question.
a system of trachea and tracheoles
very primitive lungs that lack bronchi
transport across internal or external gills
direct diffusion across the body surface
direct diffusion across the body surface
The solubility of oxygen in water is ______ its solubility in air.
Multiple choice question.
higher than
the same as
lower than
lower than
Select all that apply
Which of the following factors influence the solubility of a gas in water?
Multiple select question.
Temperature of the water
Partial pressure of the gas
Shape of the container of water
The identity of the gas
Presence of other solutes
Temperature of the water
Partial pressure of the gas
The identity of the gas
Presence of other solutes
A respiratory system is all of the structures of an animal that contribute to the exchange of _________ and ___________ between the external environment and cells of the body.
Blank 1: oxygen or O2
Blank 2: CO2, carbondioxide, or carbon dioxide
Which of the following animals is most likely to utilize the skin as a respiratory organ?
Multiple choice question.
Frog
Alligator
Seal
Shark
Snake
Frog
Select all that apply
Different species of animals can utilize various organs to obtain oxygen. Which of the following organs play such a role?
Multiple select question.
Gills
Flame cells
Kidneys
The body surface
Lungs
Tracheae
Gills
The body surface
Lungs
Tracheae
Invertebrates which are only one or several layers thick depend upon which process to occur at their body surface for the exchange of gases?
Multiple choice question.
Active transport
Bulk flow
Diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion
Extensions of the body surface of many aquatic animals that play a role in the exchange of gases are __________.
Blank 1: gills, internal gills, external gills, or gill
Knowing the solubility properties of oxygen in water and air, predict the relative amount of oxygen that can dissolve in equal volumes of water and air.
Multiple choice question.
More oxygen will dissolve in water.
More oxygen will dissolve in air.
The same amount of oxygen will dissolve in water and air.
More oxygen will dissolve in air.
Select all that apply
Which of the following are mechanisms used by fishes to ventilate their gills?
Multiple select question.
Actively drawing water in through the mouth and out the operculum
Facing into a current of water while resting, but keeping the mouth open
Continuously waving the operculum back and forth while swimming
Swimming with the mouth open so that water continually moves across the gills
Actively drawing water in through the mouth and out the operculum
Facing into a current of water while resting, but keeping the mouth open
Swimming with the mouth open so that water continually moves across the gills
The vertebrates which have skin that is highly permeable to gases and can obtain significant amounts of oxygen across it are the _________. Most other vertebrates are unable to use the skin as a respiratory surface.
Blank 1: amphibians, frogs, or amphibian
Insects use tubes called _______ for respiration.
Blank 1: tracheae
Exchange of gases occurs in ______ when air is brought into them, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be removed.
Multiple choice question.
lungs
lamellae
tracheae
gills
lungs
Specialized respiratory structures found mostly in aquatic animals are known as ______.
Multiple choice question.
gills
tracheae
lungs
nephridia
gills
What is the ventilation mechanism employed by MOST terrestrial vertebrates?
Multiple choice question.
Positive pressure filling
Countercurrent exchange
Crosscurrent exchange
Negative pressure filling
Negative pressure filling
Select all that apply
Which of the following are components of the mammalian respiratory system?
Multiple select question.
Larynx
Tracheoles
Spiracles
Bronchi
Nose
Diaphragm
Gills
Lamellae
Larynx
Bronchi
Nose
Diaphragm
Fishes can ventilate their gills in several ways. One way involves actively drawing water in through the ______ and out the ______ over the gills.
Multiple choice question.
skin; operculum
mouth; spiracle
mouth; operculum
skin; spiracle
mouth; operculum
Each lung in humans is encased in a(n) _______ sac which protects it.
Blank 1: pleural
Which of the following breathing structures is found in insects?
Multiple choice question.
External gills
Tracheae
Internal gills
Lungs
Tracheae
In the ventilation mechanism known as _________ _________ __________, air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs expands and the pressure drops.
Blank 1: negative
Blank 2: pressure
Blank 3: filling
In air-breathing vertebrates, exchange of gases occurs in the _________ when air is brought into them, allowing O2 to diffuse across the respiratory surface into the blood and CO2 to diffuse out.
Blank 1: lungs or alveoli
The contraction of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm increases the volume of the lungs and lowers their internal pressure, allowing them to fill with air by the process called ______.
Multiple choice question.
positive pressure filling
ram ventilation
negative pressure filling
buccal pumping
negative pressure filling
Most terrestrial vertebrates ventilate lungs using _______ pressure filling.
negative
The type of ventilation that occurs when the external medium moves in and out of the respiratory chamber via the same route is called:
Multiple choice question.
ram
buccal
crosscurrent
tidal
unidirectional
tidal
The structures of the respiratory system are housed within the ______ (chest) cavity.
Multiple choice question.
pelvic
dorsal
thoracic
abdominal
gastric
thoracic
A pleural sac is ______.
Multiple choice question.
a small lung structure surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange takes place
a structure that causes the thoracic cavity to expand when a breath is taken
the portion of the trachea in which the vocal cords are housed
a double layer of tissue that protects the lungs
a double layer of tissue that protects the lungs
At the air/liquid interface in the lungs, ______ molecules are attracted to each other resulting in surface tension. This could result in alveoli collapsing if not for the surfactant produced by type II alveoli cells.
Multiple choice question.
protein
water
carbon dioxide
lipid
oxygen
water
How does the negative pressure filling mechanism of ventilation work?
Multiple choice question.
Air is forced into the lungs using a gulping action.
Air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs expands.
Air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs decreases.
Air passively enters the lungs by diffusion.
Air is drawn into the lungs when the volume of the lungs expands.
The total amount of oxygen available to an animal’s cells is higher than that which can be physically dissolved because of oxygen-binding ______.
Multiple choice question.
nucleic acids
proteins
organic acids
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
Mammals ventilate with __________ pressure by contracting and relaxing rib muscles and the diaphragm which changes the pressure in the lungs relative to the atmosphere.
Blank 1: negative
Select all that apply
Which of the following is a possible color for the respiratory pigments of animals?
Multiple select question.
Yellow
Green
Black
Blue
Red
Blue
Red
In __________ ventilation, fresh air is breathed in and stale air is breathed out through the same route.
Blank 1: tidal
The ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen is ______ of the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
Multiple choice question.
inversely proportional
directly proportional
independent
directly proportional
Select all that apply
Which of the following are components of the mammalian respiratory system?
Multiple select question.
Nose
Larynx
Tracheoles
Lamellae
Bronchi
Spiracles
Gills
Diaphragm
Nose
Larynx
Bronchi
Diaphragm
Generally, small animals have ______ larger animals.
Multiple choice question.
higher relative metabolic rates than
the same relative metabolic rates as
lower relative metabolic rates than
higher relative metabolic rates than
Surface tension within the alveoli is due to the attractive forces between ______ molecules at the air/liquid interface.
Multiple choice question.
water
surfactant
air
hemoglobin
water
The majority of CO2 in the blood is converted to highly soluble ___________ ions.
Blank 1: bicarbonate, HCO3, or HCO3-
The function of oxygen-binding proteins is to increase the amount of oxygen in body fluids above that level which can be physically _________.
Blank 1: dissolved
Select all that apply
Which of the following are involved in controlling respiration in mammals?
Multiple select question.
Brainstem
The heart
Trachea
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Brainstem
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
The oxygen-binding proteins that have evolved in animals are called __________ __________ because they have a color.
Blank 1: respiratory
Blank 2: pigments
A sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific compound is called a(n) __________.
Blank 1: chemoreceptor or chemoreceptors
At higher partial pressures of oxygen, the percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen is ______ compared to that at lower partial pressures of oxygen.
Multiple choice question.
higher
the same
lower
higher
Which of the following conditions/diseases account for the most deaths in the United States?
Multiple choice question.
Influenza
All types of cancer combined
AIDS
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
Rank the following organisms in order of decreasing metabolic rate, beginning at the top with the organism with the highest metabolic rate.
cat human cow dog mouse
mouse cat dog human cow
Select all that apply
Carbon dioxide is released from human tissues as a waste product. In which of the following ways can it be transported to the lungs?
Multiple select question.
Dissolved in hemolymph
Bound to hemoglobin
As bicarbonate ions
Bound to hemocyanin
Dissolved in blood
Bound to hemoglobin
As bicarbonate ions
Dissolved in blood
True or False: Respiratory centers in the brainstem have an important role in the regulation of breathing in mammals.
True false question.
True
False
True
Hypertension refers to ______.
Multiple choice question.
high blood pressure
low cardiac output
low blood pressure
high cardiac output
high blood pressure
Specialized sensory cells in the aorta, carotid arteries, and brainstem that detect levels of certain substances in the blood (for example carbon dioxide) are known as ______.
Multiple choice question.
leukocytes
red blood cells
chemoreceptors
nerves
sickle cells
chemoreceptors
A heart attack is also called ______.
Multiple choice question.
angina pectoris
cardiac angiography
myocardial infarction
atherosclerosis
myocardial infarction
Select all that apply
Cardiovascular disease occurs when which of the following are not functioning properly?
Multiple select question.
Brain
Lungs
Blood vessels
Heart
Blood vessels
Heart
A disease characterized by smooth muscle contractions in bronchioles which can result in difficulty in breathing and wheezing is called __________
Blank 1: asthma
Emphysema is best described as a ______.
Multiple choice question.
heart condition that is caused by hypertension
lung condition that is caused by hyper-reactive bronchioles
lung condition that causes permanent lung damage
heart condition that causes blocked coronary arteries
lung condition that causes permanent lung damage
Most of the damage caused by smoking occurs to the _________.
Lungs
Sustained, above normal mean arterial blood pressure is also called ___________
Blank 1: hypertension
The common term for myocardial infarction is heart ________.
attack
Smooth muscle contractions in bronchioles which can result in difficulty in breathing and wheezing is a condition known as ______.
Multiple choice question.
respiratory distress of the newborn
emphysema
asthma
smoker’s cough
tuberculosis
asthma
Emphysema is a lung disease that ______.
Multiple choice question.
is mild and does not require treatment
can be cured with antibiotics
is progressive and does not go away
can be cured with steroids
is progressive and does not go away
Select all that apply
Which of the following are side effects of smoking in the adolescent?
Multiple select question.
Reduced lung growth
Increased phlegm production
Reduced stature
Shortness of breath
Obesity
Reduced lung growth
Increased phlegm production
Shortness of breath
[Week 13 Circulatory Quiz Start]
Your patient comes to you and complains that she bruises easily and seems to bleed a lot from very small cuts. What is the likely cause of her symptoms?
Question 1 options:
Red blood cells not functioning correctly
Platelets not functioning correctly
White blood cells not functioning correctly
Mast cells not functioning correctly
Platelets not functioning correctly
What occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle?
Question 3 options:
Blood pressure increases in the arteries
Ventricles fill with blood
Ventricles contract
Blood pressure is highest in the ventricles
Ventricles fill with blood
You need a blood transfusion immediately but don’t know your blood type. In this situation, what blood type will the EMT give you?
Question 4 options:
A negative
AB positive
O negative
O positive
B negative
O negative
Considering blood flow through a closed circulation, which is the correct sequence of vessels, beginning at the heart?
Question 5 options:
vein, venule, capillary, arteriole, artery
artery, arteriole, capillary, vein, venule
arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule
artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
artery, capillary, arteriole, venule, vein
artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
You have a patient with left side heart damage. What should you expect to happen next?
Wet breath sounds and difficulty breathing
Numbness in the extremities
Increased cardiac output
Loss of memory
Wet breath sounds and difficulty breathing
You want to have a higher concentration of HDLs than LDLs because
Question 7 options:
LDLs hold higher levels of cholesterol
LDLs activate the synthesis of cholesterol in the cells
LDLs will drop excess cholesterol in the bloodstream
LDLs take cholesterol to the liver to be removed from the blood
LDLs hold higher levels of cholesterol
WRONG
You have decided to come visit your professor in Colorado and you head up to the mountains to go for a hike. You notice that you quickly get tired and feel out of breath, but your professor seems just fine. This is likely because your professor
Question 8 options:
Has more red blood cells than you since she lives at a higher altitude
Has more white blood cells than you since she lives at a higher altitude
Is older than you and therefore breathes better at a higher altitude
Has fewer platelets than you since she lives at a higher altitude
Is superwoman!! (just kidding, don’t choose this answer!)
Has more red blood cells than you since she lives at a higher altitude
Damage to the papillary muscles of the heart causes
Question 10 options:
An inability of the heart valves to close
A decrease in respiration rate
A decrease in the function of the aorta
An increase in blood pressure
An inability of the heart valves to close
How can damage to the left side of the heart also result in kidney damage?
Question 11 options:
The heart damage causes an increase in blood pressure which puts too much stress on the kidneys
The heart damage causes a decrease in blood pressure which prevents the kidneys from functioning
The heat damage causes a significant increase in cardiac output which puts too much stress on the kidneys
Both A and C
The heart damage causes an increase in blood pressure which puts too much stress on the kidneys
WRONG
The guards at Buckingham Palace in England must stand at attention for long periods of time without moving. The uniforms of these guards have pants with very wide legs. How are these two facts related?
Question 12 options:
The guards need the wide legged pants because it is the preferred style of the Queen who has commanded them to stand in front of her palace
The guards need the wide legged pants to protect them from the sun as they stand for long periods of time
The guards need the wide legged pants so that they can contract their calf muscles to help aid arterial blood flow and keep them from passing out
The guards need the wide legged pants so that they can contract their calf muscles to help aid venous return and keep them from passing out
There is no relationship between these two facts!
The guards need the wide legged pants so that they can contract their calf muscles to help aid venous return and keep them from passing out
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks a particular type of cells and stops its functioning, thus people with the disease are susceptible to infections. What type of cell does HIV attack?
Question 13 options:
Red blood cell
Platelet
White blood cell
Liver Cell
White blood cell
Which of these is NOT a function of circulating blood?
Question 14 options:
movement of O2
movement of CO2
movement of nutrients
movement of waste
creation of new blood cells
creation of new blood cells
Your blood type is AB positive, which blood type can you accept from a donor without an immune response?
Question 15 options:
AB positive
AB negative
A positive
O positive
All of the above
All of the above
[Week 14 Respiratory Quiz Start]
Respiratory surfaces in all vertebrates have all of the listed features except
Question 1 options:
moist epithelia
large surface areas
thick epithelia
a very high degree of vascularization
thick epithelia
When the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin shifts to the right, this means that at the same partial pressure
Question 2 options:
More oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin
Less oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin
The same amount of oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin
More CO2 is released from the hemoglobin
The same amount of oxygen is attached to the hemoglobin
WRONG
Why does smoking lead to lung cancer?
Question 3 options:
Cigarette smoke causes constriction of the trachea
Cigarette smoke causes constriction of the bronchioles
Cigarette smoke causes stretching of the alveoli
Cigarette smoke has a large number of carcinogens in it
Cigarette smoke has a large number of carcinogens in it
Why does the tracheal system of insects so heavily branched and spread throughout the body?
Question 4 options:
The system relies on diffusion and so must be close to each cell
The system is not attached to the circulatory system
The system must be close to muscles to expand and contract the trachea
All of the above
The system relies on diffusion and so must be close to each cell
WRONG
Which of these is NOT a challenge for respiration in water?
Question 5 options:
The density of water is very high relative to air.
Water holds approximately 30 times less oxygen when compared to air.
Water requires an additional energy expenditure to move across epithelial surfaces.
Water moving across respiratory surfaces removes heat from the animal.
Water breathing animals have a high risk of desiccation.
Water breathing animals have a high risk of desiccation.
The group of vertebrates with the greatest capacity for gas exchange across the skin is the
Question 6 options:
amphibians
mammals
birds
fishes
reptiles
amphibians
Assuming that the partial pressure of nitrogen is 0.79 at sea level, what it is the partial pressure of nitrogen at 20m, where the atmospheric pressure is 3 atm?
Question 7 options:
- 79
- 59
- 37
- 16
3.16
WRONG
If the efficiency of the alveoli in a human was reduced by 50%, what would you predict would be the effect?
Question 8 options:
The volume of air in the lungs would decrease by 50%
The rate of gas exchange would decrease by 50%
The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen would decrease by 50%
The muscular control of breathing would decrease by 50%
The rate of gas exchange would decrease by 50%
You have found a new species of fish that uses ram ventilation. This means that
Question 9 options:
It must gulp water and push it past the gills
It must swim constantly to keep water flowing over the gills
It must use counter-current exchange
It must use co-current exchange
It must swim constantly to keep water flowing over the gills
Which 2 gases make up the majority of air that we breathe?
Question 10 options:
carbon dioxide and nitrogen
oxygen and carbon dioxide
hydrogen and nitrogen
hydrogen and oxygen
nitrogen and oxygen
nitrogen and oxygen
When exercising, more CO2 is produced and the pH of the blood decreases. This causes the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin to
Question 11 options:
Shift to the left
Stay in the same place
Shift to the right
Shift to the left
WRONG
Which disease that affects respiratory function is caused by an infectious organism?
Question 12 options:
lung cancer
asthma
emphysema
pneumonia
pneumonia
The process of bringing oxygenated water or air into contact with a gas-exchange surface is
Question 13 options:
gas exchange
gas transport
respiration
exhalation
ventilation
ventilation
How can you prevent getting the bends?
Question 14 options:
Breathe deeply while SCUBA diving to avoid hyperventilation
Ascend slowly from SCUBA diving to allow gases to come out of solution slowly
Breathe only oxygen while SCUBA diving
All of the above
Ascend slowly from SCUBA diving to allow gases to come out of solution slowly
A patient with apnea will likely have which of the following symptoms?
Question 15 options:
Fatigue and lethargy
Wheezing when inhaling
Constant deep coughing
Shortness of breath
Fatigue and lethargy
