Chapter 46: Nutrition and Digestion (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards
What is the general term for substances taken up by living organisms that are required for growth, survival, development, repair or reproduction?
Multiple choice question.
Minerals
Nutrients
Vitamins
Macromolecules
Nutrients
The act of taking food into the body via a structure such as the mouth is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
absorption
ingestion
filtration
digestion
ingestion
The breakdown of food into smaller molecules is termed ______.
Multiple choice question.
ingestion
absorption
egestion
digestion
digestion
Absorption is the process in which small molecules diffuse from the ___________ tract into the animal’s ________ system or __________ fluids.
Blank 1: digestive, GI, gastrointestinal, or alimentary
Blank 2: circulatory or blood
Blank 3: bodily or body
The process of passing undigested food out of the body is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
egestion
ingestion
absorption
digestion
egestion
Any substance consumed by an animal that is necessary for growth, survival, development, repair or reproduction is called a(n) _________
Nutrient
What are the five categories of organic nutrients?
Multiple choice question.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, sugars, and minerals
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins
What is ingestion?
Multiple choice question.
The process of taking food into the body through the mouth
The act of transporting nutrients from the digestive cavity to the blood
The process of taking in and breaking food down into smaller pieces
The act of swallowing food by means of peristalsis
The process of taking food into the body through the mouth
Organic molecules that provide the cell with energy-rich monosaccharides and carbon atoms are ______.
Multiple choice question.
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
Digestion is the process in which ______.
Multiple choice question.
molecules from food are absorbed into the bloodstream
wastes from food are eliminated from the body
food is taken into the body
food is converted into substances that can be absorbed
food is converted into substances that can be absorbed
The amino acids that can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of new macromolecules are obtained from organic molecules called ________.
Blank 1: proteins, polypeptides, protein, or polypeptide
The process in which ions, water, and small molecules are transported from the digestive cavity to the circulatory system or bodily fluids is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
ingestion
elimination
absorption
egestion
absorption
The organic molecules that supply components for membrane-building and thermal insulation, and also provide energy, are called _________.
Blank 1: lipids, fats, triglycerides, lipid, or fat
Egestion is defined as the process of ______.
Multiple choice question.
absorbing and then removing partially digested food from the body
passing undigested food out of the body
hydrolyzing food for its nutrients and removing excess nutrients from the body
removing digested food from the body
passing undigested food out of the body
A type of nutrient that is important to the cell because it provides the necessary components required for DNA synthesis is ______.
Multiple choice question.
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
carbohydrate
nucleic acids
Select all that apply
The five major categories of organic nutrients are:
Multiple select question.
lipids
hormones
nucleic acids
proteins
vitamins
RNA
minerals
carbohydrates
sugar
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
vitamins
carbohydrates
Select all that apply
An essential nutrients can be characterized by:
Multiple select question.
they must be obtained from the diet
they can not be synthesized in the body
they are more important than nonessential nutrients
they must be obtained from the diet
they can not be synthesized in the body
The energy-yielding glucose and the carbon required for building organic molecules are supplied by organic molecules called __________.
Blank 1: carbohydrates, sugars, carbohydrate, or sugar
The four groups of essential nutrients include the ______.
Multiple choice question.
essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, hormones, and nucleic acids
organic minerals, inorganic minerals, water-soluble vitamins, and fat-soluble vitamins
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins
essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins
Select all that apply
Which of the following include the functions of proteins in animals?
Multiple select question.
Supply the cells with amino acids
Provide energy-yielding glucose
Provide insulation for animals
Provide the cell with a source of energy
Supply the cell with the main components to build DNA
Supply the cells with amino acids
Provide the cell with a source of energy
The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins ________, _________, _________, and __________.
A, D, E, K
Select all that apply
The functions of lipids include which of the following?
Multiple select question.
Serving as cell membrane components
Providing thermal insulation
Providing energy
Functioning as coenzymes
Supplying amino acids
Serving as cell membrane components
Providing thermal insulation
Providing energy
Food is __________ either inside cells or outside cells.
digested
Organic molecules called _________ _________ supply some of the components required for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and ATP.
Blank 1: nucleic
Blank 2: acids or acid
Invertebrates such as flatworms and cnidarians possess a digestive cavity called the _______ cavity. It provides the most basic type of extracellular digestion.
Blank 1: gastrovascular
Compounds that cannot be built by the body from any stored or ingested precursor molecule are:
Multiple choice question.
minerals
vitamins
polypeptides
nucleic acids
essential nutrients
essential nutrients
An elongated tube with an opening at both ends is termed a(n) __________ canal
alimentary
Minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids represent the four groups of _________ __________.
Blank 1: essential
Blank 2: nutrients or nutrient
The alimentary canal contains __________ muscle along its length. When this muscle contracts, it helps to churn up ingested food so it can be mechanically broken down.
smooth
Select all that apply
Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?
Multiple select question.
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
During absorption, small ______ molecules move across the epithelium by the process of diffusion, and ______ molecules move across the epithelium by the process of facilitated diffusion or active transport.
Multiple choice question.
hydrophilic; hydrophobic
hydrophilic; amphipathic
hydrophobic; hydrophilic
hydrophobic; hydrophilic
Which of the following best describes how food is digested?
Multiple choice question.
Food is only digested intracellularly.
Food is digested intracellularly or extracellularly.
Food is only digested extracellularly.
Food is digested intracellularly or extracellularly.
The alimentary canal is also referred to as the _________ (abbreviated GI) tract.
Blank 1: gastrointestinal
The simplest form of _______ occurs in the gastrovascular cavity of certain invertebrates.
Multiple choice question.
extracellular digestion
intracellular digestion
phagocytosis
an alimentary canal
extracellular digestion
Which of the following describes the alimentary canal?
Multiple choice question.
The alimentary canal is composed of two elongated tubes each with a single opening.
The alimentary canal is a single elongated tube with two openings.
The alimentary canal is a body cavity with a single opening.
The alimentary canal is a body cavity with two openings.
The alimentary canal is a single elongated tube with two openings.
The function of the first portion of the alimentary canal is the ______.
Multiple choice question.
elimination of wastes
absorption of nutrients
ingestion of food
ingestion of food
The smooth muscle of the alimentary canal functions to ______.
Multiple choice question.
churn up ingested food for mechanical breakdown
grind food and expose it to enzymes and acids
secrete digestive enzymes breaking down food into smaller pieces
churn up ingested food for mechanical breakdown
The watery fluid containing proteins, mucus, and antibacterial agents that is released into the mouth to aid digestion is __________.
saliva
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are absorbed differently across the epithelial cell membrane in the alimentary canal. Match each type of molecule to its mechanism of absorption.
Match
Hydrophobic molecules
Hydrophilic molecules
Transported by facilitated diffusion or active transport
Move across the epithelium by diffusing down their concentration gradient
Hydrophobic/diffusion
Hydrophobic/facilitated diffusion or active transport
The gastrointestinal tract is another name for the ______.
Multiple choice question.
alimentary canal
urinary system
kidneys and liver
gastrovascular cavity
alimentary canal
In the esophagus, rhythmic waves of muscle contraction called _________ moves food from the mouth to the stomach.
Blank 1: peristalsis
The digestive organs that partner with the mouth in chemical digestion are called _________ _________.
salivary glands
In humans, after food passes through the esophagus, it reaches an organ called the __________.
Blank 1: stomach
Of the four phases of food processing, the first portion of the alimentary canal functions primarily to ________ food.
Blank 1: ingest or swallow
The portion of the alimentary canal that immediately follows the stomach is the __________ ________.
small intestine
In terrestrial vertebrates, glands in the mouth secrete a watery fluid called ______ that lubricates food and keeps the mouth moist and clean.
Multiple choice question.
saliva
chyme
bicarbonate
pepsinogen
saliva
Select all that apply
In the first part of the small intestine, which of the following secrete substances into the lumen to aid digestion?
Multiple select question.
Appendix
Kidney
Liver
Cecum
Pancreas
Liver
Pancreas
The first portion of the large intestine is called the _______.
cecum
Peristalsis is the ______.
Multiple choice question.
disruption of large lipid droplets into many tiny droplets
transport of substances such as monosaccharides from the lumen to the blood
wavelike contraction of smooth muscle moving food down the alimentary canal
contraction and subsequent relaxation of the rectum and associated sphincter muscles
wavelike contraction of smooth muscle moving food down the alimentary canal
The carbohydrates that are ingested the most often by omnivores are ______.
Multiple choice question.
fructose and glucose
starch, cellulose, and glycogen
starch, cellulose, and chitin
lactose and glucose
sucrose and fructose
starch, cellulose, and glycogen
From the esophagus, the food enters the ______.
Multiple choice question.
small intestine
pharynx
stomach
large intestine
cecum
stomach
Pepsin in the stomach and trypsin the small intestine facilitate the digestion of __________.
Blank 1: proteins, polypeptides, protein, or polypeptide
In humans, the small intestine is the part of the intestine that ______.
Multiple choice question.
leads from the stomach to the large intestine
connects the large intestine to the anus
connects the large intestine to the pancreas
leads from the esophagus to the large intestine
leads from the stomach to the large intestine
Enzymes that hydrolyze triglycerides are called _________ and are secreted by the pancreas.
Blank 1: lipases, pancreatic lipase, or lipase
The major organs that secrete substances into the duodenum as chyme moves through the small intestine are the gallbladder, _________, and _________.
Blank 1: pancreas
Blank 2: liver
Which of the following statements describes the digestion and absorption of water, minerals and vitamins?
Multiple choice question.
Vitamins and minerals do not require digestion and are absorbed in their complete form, but water must undergo digestion before absorption occurs.
Water, vitamins and minerals all require digestion before absorption because they cannot be absorbed in their complete form.
Water does not require digestion and can be absorbed in its complete form, but minerals and vitamins must be broken down.
Water, minerals and vitamins are absorbed in their complete form and do not require digestion.
Water, minerals and vitamins are absorbed in their complete form and do not require digestion.
The cecum is the ______.
Multiple choice question.
collection of finger-like projections extending from the intestinal walls
dilation of the lower esophagus, used for food storage
portion of the large intestine consisting of three relatively straight segments
first portion of the large intestine and forms a small pouch
first portion of the large intestine and forms a small pouch
Select all that apply
Systems primarily involved in the regulation of an animal’s digestive system include what?
Multiple select question.
Nervous
Muscular
Circulatory
Musculoskeletal
Respiratory
Endocrine
Nervous
Endocrine
Select all that apply
Omnivores most frequently ingest which of the following carbohydrates?
Multiple select question.
Starch
Fructose
Lactose
Cellulose
Glycogen
Galactose
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
True or False: Within the walls along the entire length of the GI tract is a highly branched interconnected collection of neurons.
True false question.
True
False
True
An example of a protease found in the small intestine is ______.
Multiple choice question.
pepsinogen
amylase
trypsin
lipase
trypsin
Select all that apply
Which of the following organs are primarily responsible for secreting hormones that control the activities of the digestive system?
Multiple select question.
Small intestine
Gallbladder
Large intestine
Liver
Stomach
Small intestine
Stomach
Which of the following hydrolyzes triglycerides?
Multiple choice question.
Amylase
Aminopeptidase
Protease
Lipase
Pepsin
Lipase
Select all that apply
Physicians and hospitals indicate that the most common GI problems are which of the following?
Multiple select question.
Diarrhea
Heartburn
Reflux disease
Food poisoning
Ulcers
Irritable bowel syndrome
Diarrhea
Heartburn
Ulcers
Three substances that do not have to be digested before being absorbed by the small intestine are _________, ___________, and _________.
Blank 1: water or H2O
Blank 2: minerals or mineral
Blank 3: vitamins or vitamin
The most common GI disorder worldwide with over two billion cases per year is __________.
diarrhea
The digestive system is in part regulated by other systems, especially the ____________ and _________ systems.
Blank 1: endocrine
Blank 2: nervous
A condition that occurs when some of the stomach contents are forced back up into the esophagus is ________.
Blank 1: heartburn
Select all that apply
Activities of the digestive system are affected by the nervous system in what two ways?
Multiple select question.
Long-distance regulation by the brain
Control of muscle and gland activity by local nerves of the alimentary canal
Stimulation of the stomach to release hormones
Stimulation of the small intestine to release hormones
Long-distance regulation by the brain
Control of muscle and gland activity by local nerves of the alimentary canal
An area of erosion on the wall of the stomach or the duodenum is called a(n) __________.
Blank 1: ulcer, peptic ulcer, or gastric ulcer
Hormonal secretions regulating the activities of the digestive system are primarily excreted from the epithelial cells of the
Multiple choice question.
mouth and stomach.
small intestine and large intestine.
stomach and small intestine.
small intestine and esophagus.
stomach and small intestine.
Among the most common gastrointestinal complaints registered by hospitals and physicians are heartburn, ________, and _________.
Blank 1: diarrhea
Blank 2: ulcers or ulcer
The case definition of diarrhea is ______.
Multiple choice question.
loose, watery stools occurring 3 or more times per day
severe gas pains in the lower bowel
stomach cramps lasting 20 seconds or more
increased urination over a 24 hour period
loose, watery stools occurring 3 or more times per day
What is heartburn?
Multiple choice question.
Heartburn is a painful burning sensation caused by stomach acids rising up the esophagus.
Heartburn is a painful burning sensation in the heart caused by decreased blood flow due to blockages usually from poor diet.
Heartburn is a painful burning sensation within the heart caused by stomach acids moving into the blood.
Heartburn is a painful burning sensation caused by stomach acids rising up the esophagus.
Which describes a gastric ulcer?
Multiple choice question.
A lesion found in the stomach
A blister found lining the esophagus or stomach
An inflammation of stomach and esophageal tissue
An area of tissue erosion in the stomach
An area of tissue erosion in the stomach
[Quiz Start]
Most humans eat both plants and animals as a food source. Therefore humans are
Question 1 options:
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Deposit feeders
Autotrophs
Omnivores
You find a new fish in the ocean and see that it has teeth, some of which are sharp and pointed and others which are large flat. When examining its stomach contents, you see large chunks of partially digested food. Based on this, you conclude that this animal is
Question 2 options:
A filter/suspension feeder
A fluid feeder
A chemoautotroph
A bulk feeder
A detritivore
A bulk feeder
What is one of the common solutions for herbivores to obtain more energy from their diet?
Question 3 options:
Increase the length of their large intestine
Decrease the length of their large intestine
Increase the length of their small intestine
Decrease the length of their small intestine
Both B and C
Increase the length of their small intestine
Which stages of the digestive system are under voluntary control?
Question 4 options:
Small intestine and stomach
Mouth only
Mouth and small intestine
Large and small intestine
Mouth only
The diarrhea that is a symptom of diseases like cholera is due to problems in the function of the
Question 5 options:
stomach
intestines
appendix
gall bladder
intestines
What is the primary difference between a chemoautotroph and an autotroph?
Question 6 options:
Autotrophs use energy from chemicals to make organic molecules and chemoautotrophs use energy from the sun to make organic molecules
Autotrophs feed on plants and chemoautotrophs feed on animals
Autotrophs use energy from the sun to make organic molecules and chemoautotrophs use energy from chemicals to make organic molecules
Autotrophs feed on animals and chemoautotrophs feed on plants
Autotrophs use energy from the sun to make organic molecules and chemoautotrophs use energy from chemicals to make organic molecules
An individual has difficulty in breaking down proteins during digestion. Their problem likely occurs in which organ?
Question 7 options:
Esophagus
Mouth
Stomach
Liver
Large intestine
Stomach
One function of HCl secreted in the stomach is to convert pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin. Why don’t stomach cells simply secrete pepsin instead?
Question 8 options:
Only the pepsinogen version is able to stabilize fat-water emulsions
If cells produced active pepsin, they would digest their own cellular proteins
Pepsin is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH
Adequate amounts of pepsin are already manufactured by the pancreas
If cells produced active pepsin, they would digest their own cellular proteins
You go to your physician because you have been suffering from fatigue. She recommends that you change your diet to eat more kale, spinach and liver. You are suffering from
Question 9 options:
Anemia
Osteoporosis
Scurvy
Beriberi
Kwashiorkor
Beriberi
WRONG
If someone had a nonfunctioning large intestine, what would be the likely result?
Question 10 options:
Food could not be swallowed correctly
Excess water would remain in the feces
Food would not be absorbed into the bloodstream
Lipids would not be digested
Excess water would remain in the feces
The lemming is a small mammals with a very high daily energy expenditure for its size. Based on what you learned in the panda case study, what would you predict about the lemming?
Question 11 options:
It would have a very large brain, heart and kidney for its size
It would be a very active animal
It would have a very high metabolic rate for its size
All of the above
B and C only
B and C only
WRONG
A patient has cancer of the small intestine and has to have 25% of their small intestine removed. What is the likely result for this patient?
Question 12 options:
Food could not be swallowed correctly
Less food would not be absorbed into the bloodstream
Lipids would not be digested
Excess water would remain in the feces
Less food would not be absorbed into the bloodstream
A new weight loss drug prevents the secretion of lipase. How does this lead to weight loss?
Question 13 options:
It prevents the breakdown and absorption of fats
It makes the stomach feel full so the person eats less
It prevents the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates
It slows down the removal fecal material so the person is uncomfortable if they eat too much
It prevents the breakdown and absorption of fats
Where would you expect to find more examples of animals that are suspension/filter feeders?
Question 14 options:
On a coral reef
In a desert
On a mountain top
In a forest in the northeast region of North America
On a coral reef
Bile is crucial for ______ digestion because of its function in _____.
Question 15 options:
fat, emulsification
nucleic acids, uncoiling DNA strands
protein, lyophilization
fat, solubilizing glycerol:fatty acid bonds
protein, protecting the stomach lining
fat, emulsification
