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Biology 2 > Chapter 46: Nutrition and Digestion (Questions/Quiz) > Flashcards

Chapter 46: Nutrition and Digestion (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general term for substances taken up by living organisms that are required for growth, survival, development, repair or reproduction?

Multiple choice question.

Minerals

Nutrients

Vitamins

Macromolecules

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

The act of taking food into the body via a structure such as the mouth is called ______.

Multiple choice question.

absorption

ingestion

filtration

digestion

A

ingestion

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3
Q

The breakdown of food into smaller molecules is termed ______.

Multiple choice question.

ingestion

absorption

egestion

digestion

A

digestion

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4
Q

Absorption is the process in which small molecules diffuse from the ___________ tract into the animal’s ________ system or __________ fluids.

A

Blank 1: digestive, GI, gastrointestinal, or alimentary
Blank 2: circulatory or blood
Blank 3: bodily or body

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5
Q

The process of passing undigested food out of the body is called ______.

Multiple choice question.

egestion

ingestion

absorption

digestion

A

egestion

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6
Q

Any substance consumed by an animal that is necessary for growth, survival, development, repair or reproduction is called a(n) _________

A

Nutrient

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7
Q

What are the five categories of organic nutrients?

Multiple choice question.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, sugars, and minerals

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals and vitamins

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins

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8
Q

What is ingestion?

Multiple choice question.

The process of taking food into the body through the mouth

The act of transporting nutrients from the digestive cavity to the blood

The process of taking in and breaking food down into smaller pieces

The act of swallowing food by means of peristalsis

A

The process of taking food into the body through the mouth

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9
Q

Organic molecules that provide the cell with energy-rich monosaccharides and carbon atoms are ______.

Multiple choice question.

proteins

lipids

carbohydrates

nucleic acids

A

carbohydrates

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10
Q

Digestion is the process in which ______.

Multiple choice question.

molecules from food are absorbed into the bloodstream

wastes from food are eliminated from the body

food is taken into the body

food is converted into substances that can be absorbed

A

food is converted into substances that can be absorbed

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11
Q

The amino acids that can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of new macromolecules are obtained from organic molecules called ________.

A

Blank 1: proteins, polypeptides, protein, or polypeptide

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12
Q

The process in which ions, water, and small molecules are transported from the digestive cavity to the circulatory system or bodily fluids is called ______.

Multiple choice question.

ingestion

elimination

absorption

egestion

A

absorption

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13
Q

The organic molecules that supply components for membrane-building and thermal insulation, and also provide energy, are called _________.

A

Blank 1: lipids, fats, triglycerides, lipid, or fat

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14
Q

Egestion is defined as the process of ______.

Multiple choice question.

absorbing and then removing partially digested food from the body

passing undigested food out of the body

hydrolyzing food for its nutrients and removing excess nutrients from the body

removing digested food from the body

A

passing undigested food out of the body

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15
Q

A type of nutrient that is important to the cell because it provides the necessary components required for DNA synthesis is ______.

Multiple choice question.

proteins

lipids

nucleic acids

carbohydrate

A

nucleic acids

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16
Q

Select all that apply

The five major categories of organic nutrients are:

Multiple select question.

lipids

hormones

nucleic acids

proteins

vitamins

RNA

minerals

carbohydrates

sugar

A

lipids

nucleic acids

proteins

vitamins

carbohydrates

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17
Q

Select all that apply

An essential nutrients can be characterized by:

Multiple select question.

they must be obtained from the diet

they can not be synthesized in the body

they are more important than nonessential nutrients

A

they must be obtained from the diet

they can not be synthesized in the body

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18
Q

The energy-yielding glucose and the carbon required for building organic molecules are supplied by organic molecules called __________.

A

Blank 1: carbohydrates, sugars, carbohydrate, or sugar

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19
Q

The four groups of essential nutrients include the ______.

Multiple choice question.

essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, hormones, and nucleic acids

organic minerals, inorganic minerals, water-soluble vitamins, and fat-soluble vitamins

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins

A

essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins

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20
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following include the functions of proteins in animals?

Multiple select question.

Supply the cells with amino acids

Provide energy-yielding glucose

Provide insulation for animals

Provide the cell with a source of energy

Supply the cell with the main components to build DNA

A

Supply the cells with amino acids

Provide the cell with a source of energy

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21
Q

The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins ________, _________, _________, and __________.

A

A, D, E, K

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22
Q

Select all that apply

The functions of lipids include which of the following?

Multiple select question.

Serving as cell membrane components

Providing thermal insulation

Providing energy

Functioning as coenzymes

Supplying amino acids

A

Serving as cell membrane components

Providing thermal insulation

Providing energy

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23
Q

Food is __________ either inside cells or outside cells.

A

digested

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24
Q

Organic molecules called _________ _________ supply some of the components required for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and ATP.

A

Blank 1: nucleic

Blank 2: acids or acid

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25
Q

Invertebrates such as flatworms and cnidarians possess a digestive cavity called the _______ cavity. It provides the most basic type of extracellular digestion.

A

Blank 1: gastrovascular

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26
Q

Compounds that cannot be built by the body from any stored or ingested precursor molecule are:

Multiple choice question.

minerals

vitamins

polypeptides

nucleic acids

essential nutrients

A

essential nutrients

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27
Q

An elongated tube with an opening at both ends is termed a(n) __________ canal

A

alimentary

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28
Q

Minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids represent the four groups of _________ __________.

A

Blank 1: essential

Blank 2: nutrients or nutrient

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29
Q

The alimentary canal contains __________ muscle along its length. When this muscle contracts, it helps to churn up ingested food so it can be mechanically broken down.

A

smooth

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30
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?

Multiple select question.

Vitamin E

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Vitamin A

A

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Vitamin A

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31
Q

During absorption, small ______ molecules move across the epithelium by the process of diffusion, and ______ molecules move across the epithelium by the process of facilitated diffusion or active transport.

Multiple choice question.

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

hydrophilic; amphipathic

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

A

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

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32
Q

Which of the following best describes how food is digested?

Multiple choice question.

Food is only digested intracellularly.

Food is digested intracellularly or extracellularly.

Food is only digested extracellularly.

A

Food is digested intracellularly or extracellularly.

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33
Q

The alimentary canal is also referred to as the _________ (abbreviated GI) tract.

A

Blank 1: gastrointestinal

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34
Q

The simplest form of _______ occurs in the gastrovascular cavity of certain invertebrates.

Multiple choice question.

extracellular digestion

intracellular digestion

phagocytosis

an alimentary canal

A

extracellular digestion

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35
Q

Which of the following describes the alimentary canal?

Multiple choice question.

The alimentary canal is composed of two elongated tubes each with a single opening.

The alimentary canal is a single elongated tube with two openings.

The alimentary canal is a body cavity with a single opening.

The alimentary canal is a body cavity with two openings.

A

The alimentary canal is a single elongated tube with two openings.

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36
Q

The function of the first portion of the alimentary canal is the ______.

Multiple choice question.

elimination of wastes

absorption of nutrients

ingestion of food

A

ingestion of food

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37
Q

The smooth muscle of the alimentary canal functions to ______.

Multiple choice question.

churn up ingested food for mechanical breakdown

grind food and expose it to enzymes and acids

secrete digestive enzymes breaking down food into smaller pieces

A

churn up ingested food for mechanical breakdown

38
Q

The watery fluid containing proteins, mucus, and antibacterial agents that is released into the mouth to aid digestion is __________.

A

saliva

39
Q

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are absorbed differently across the epithelial cell membrane in the alimentary canal. Match each type of molecule to its mechanism of absorption.

Match

Hydrophobic molecules

Hydrophilic molecules

Transported by facilitated diffusion or active transport

Move across the epithelium by diffusing down their concentration gradient

A

Hydrophobic/diffusion

Hydrophobic/facilitated diffusion or active transport

40
Q

The gastrointestinal tract is another name for the ______.

Multiple choice question.

alimentary canal

urinary system

kidneys and liver

gastrovascular cavity

A

alimentary canal

41
Q

In the esophagus, rhythmic waves of muscle contraction called _________ moves food from the mouth to the stomach.

A

Blank 1: peristalsis

42
Q

The digestive organs that partner with the mouth in chemical digestion are called _________ _________.

A

salivary glands

43
Q

In humans, after food passes through the esophagus, it reaches an organ called the __________.

A

Blank 1: stomach

44
Q

Of the four phases of food processing, the first portion of the alimentary canal functions primarily to ________ food.

A

Blank 1: ingest or swallow

45
Q

The portion of the alimentary canal that immediately follows the stomach is the __________ ________.

A

small intestine

46
Q

In terrestrial vertebrates, glands in the mouth secrete a watery fluid called ______ that lubricates food and keeps the mouth moist and clean.

Multiple choice question.

saliva

chyme

bicarbonate

pepsinogen

A

saliva

47
Q

Select all that apply

In the first part of the small intestine, which of the following secrete substances into the lumen to aid digestion?

Multiple select question.

Appendix

Kidney

Liver

Cecum

Pancreas

A

Liver

Pancreas

48
Q

The first portion of the large intestine is called the _______.

A

cecum

49
Q

Peristalsis is the ______.

Multiple choice question.

disruption of large lipid droplets into many tiny droplets

transport of substances such as monosaccharides from the lumen to the blood

wavelike contraction of smooth muscle moving food down the alimentary canal

contraction and subsequent relaxation of the rectum and associated sphincter muscles

A

wavelike contraction of smooth muscle moving food down the alimentary canal

50
Q

The carbohydrates that are ingested the most often by omnivores are ______.

Multiple choice question.

fructose and glucose

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

starch, cellulose, and chitin

lactose and glucose

sucrose and fructose

A

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

51
Q

From the esophagus, the food enters the ______.

Multiple choice question.

small intestine

pharynx

stomach

large intestine

cecum

A

stomach

52
Q

Pepsin in the stomach and trypsin the small intestine facilitate the digestion of __________.

A

Blank 1: proteins, polypeptides, protein, or polypeptide

53
Q

In humans, the small intestine is the part of the intestine that ______.

Multiple choice question.

leads from the stomach to the large intestine

connects the large intestine to the anus

connects the large intestine to the pancreas

leads from the esophagus to the large intestine

A

leads from the stomach to the large intestine

54
Q

Enzymes that hydrolyze triglycerides are called _________ and are secreted by the pancreas.

A

Blank 1: lipases, pancreatic lipase, or lipase

55
Q

The major organs that secrete substances into the duodenum as chyme moves through the small intestine are the gallbladder, _________, and _________.

A

Blank 1: pancreas

Blank 2: liver

56
Q

Which of the following statements describes the digestion and absorption of water, minerals and vitamins?

Multiple choice question.

Vitamins and minerals do not require digestion and are absorbed in their complete form, but water must undergo digestion before absorption occurs.

Water, vitamins and minerals all require digestion before absorption because they cannot be absorbed in their complete form.

Water does not require digestion and can be absorbed in its complete form, but minerals and vitamins must be broken down.

Water, minerals and vitamins are absorbed in their complete form and do not require digestion.

A

Water, minerals and vitamins are absorbed in their complete form and do not require digestion.

57
Q

The cecum is the ______.

Multiple choice question.

collection of finger-like projections extending from the intestinal walls

dilation of the lower esophagus, used for food storage

portion of the large intestine consisting of three relatively straight segments

first portion of the large intestine and forms a small pouch

A

first portion of the large intestine and forms a small pouch

58
Q

Select all that apply

Systems primarily involved in the regulation of an animal’s digestive system include what?

Multiple select question.

Nervous

Muscular

Circulatory

Musculoskeletal

Respiratory

Endocrine

A

Nervous

Endocrine

59
Q

Select all that apply

Omnivores most frequently ingest which of the following carbohydrates?

Multiple select question.

Starch

Fructose

Lactose

Cellulose

Glycogen

Galactose

A

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

60
Q

True or False: Within the walls along the entire length of the GI tract is a highly branched interconnected collection of neurons.

True false question.
True
False

A

True

61
Q

An example of a protease found in the small intestine is ______.

Multiple choice question.

pepsinogen

amylase

trypsin

lipase

A

trypsin

62
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following organs are primarily responsible for secreting hormones that control the activities of the digestive system?

Multiple select question.

Small intestine

Gallbladder

Large intestine

Liver

Stomach

A

Small intestine

Stomach

63
Q

Which of the following hydrolyzes triglycerides?

Multiple choice question.

Amylase

Aminopeptidase

Protease

Lipase

Pepsin

A

Lipase

64
Q

Select all that apply

Physicians and hospitals indicate that the most common GI problems are which of the following?

Multiple select question.

Diarrhea

Heartburn

Reflux disease

Food poisoning

Ulcers

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Diarrhea

Heartburn

Ulcers

65
Q

Three substances that do not have to be digested before being absorbed by the small intestine are _________, ___________, and _________.

A

Blank 1: water or H2O
Blank 2: minerals or mineral
Blank 3: vitamins or vitamin

66
Q

The most common GI disorder worldwide with over two billion cases per year is __________.

A

diarrhea

67
Q

The digestive system is in part regulated by other systems, especially the ____________ and _________ systems.

A

Blank 1: endocrine

Blank 2: nervous

68
Q

A condition that occurs when some of the stomach contents are forced back up into the esophagus is ________.

A

Blank 1: heartburn

69
Q

Select all that apply

Activities of the digestive system are affected by the nervous system in what two ways?

Multiple select question.

Long-distance regulation by the brain

Control of muscle and gland activity by local nerves of the alimentary canal

Stimulation of the stomach to release hormones

Stimulation of the small intestine to release hormones

A

Long-distance regulation by the brain

Control of muscle and gland activity by local nerves of the alimentary canal

70
Q

An area of erosion on the wall of the stomach or the duodenum is called a(n) __________.

A

Blank 1: ulcer, peptic ulcer, or gastric ulcer

71
Q

Hormonal secretions regulating the activities of the digestive system are primarily excreted from the epithelial cells of the

Multiple choice question.

mouth and stomach.

small intestine and large intestine.

stomach and small intestine.

small intestine and esophagus.

A

stomach and small intestine.

72
Q

Among the most common gastrointestinal complaints registered by hospitals and physicians are heartburn, ________, and _________.

A

Blank 1: diarrhea

Blank 2: ulcers or ulcer

73
Q

The case definition of diarrhea is ______.

Multiple choice question.

loose, watery stools occurring 3 or more times per day

severe gas pains in the lower bowel

stomach cramps lasting 20 seconds or more

increased urination over a 24 hour period

A

loose, watery stools occurring 3 or more times per day

74
Q

What is heartburn?

Multiple choice question.

Heartburn is a painful burning sensation caused by stomach acids rising up the esophagus.

Heartburn is a painful burning sensation in the heart caused by decreased blood flow due to blockages usually from poor diet.

Heartburn is a painful burning sensation within the heart caused by stomach acids moving into the blood.

A

Heartburn is a painful burning sensation caused by stomach acids rising up the esophagus.

75
Q

Which describes a gastric ulcer?

Multiple choice question.

A lesion found in the stomach

A blister found lining the esophagus or stomach

An inflammation of stomach and esophageal tissue

An area of tissue erosion in the stomach

A

An area of tissue erosion in the stomach

76
Q

[Quiz Start]

Most humans eat both plants and animals as a food source. Therefore humans are

Question 1 options:

Herbivores

Carnivores

Omnivores

Deposit feeders

Autotrophs

A

Omnivores

77
Q

You find a new fish in the ocean and see that it has teeth, some of which are sharp and pointed and others which are large flat. When examining its stomach contents, you see large chunks of partially digested food. Based on this, you conclude that this animal is

Question 2 options:

A filter/suspension feeder

A fluid feeder

A chemoautotroph

A bulk feeder

A detritivore

A

A bulk feeder

78
Q

What is one of the common solutions for herbivores to obtain more energy from their diet?

Question 3 options:

Increase the length of their large intestine

Decrease the length of their large intestine

Increase the length of their small intestine

Decrease the length of their small intestine

Both B and C

A

Increase the length of their small intestine

79
Q

Which stages of the digestive system are under voluntary control?

Question 4 options:

Small intestine and stomach

Mouth only

Mouth and small intestine

Large and small intestine

A

Mouth only

80
Q

The diarrhea that is a symptom of diseases like cholera is due to problems in the function of the

Question 5 options:

stomach

intestines

appendix

gall bladder

A

intestines

81
Q

What is the primary difference between a chemoautotroph and an autotroph?

Question 6 options:

Autotrophs use energy from chemicals to make organic molecules and chemoautotrophs use energy from the sun to make organic molecules

Autotrophs feed on plants and chemoautotrophs feed on animals

Autotrophs use energy from the sun to make organic molecules and chemoautotrophs use energy from chemicals to make organic molecules

Autotrophs feed on animals and chemoautotrophs feed on plants

A

Autotrophs use energy from the sun to make organic molecules and chemoautotrophs use energy from chemicals to make organic molecules

82
Q

An individual has difficulty in breaking down proteins during digestion. Their problem likely occurs in which organ?

Question 7 options:

Esophagus

Mouth

Stomach

Liver

Large intestine

A

Stomach

83
Q

One function of HCl secreted in the stomach is to convert pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin. Why don’t stomach cells simply secrete pepsin instead?

Question 8 options:

Only the pepsinogen version is able to stabilize fat-water emulsions

If cells produced active pepsin, they would digest their own cellular proteins

Pepsin is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH

Adequate amounts of pepsin are already manufactured by the pancreas

A

If cells produced active pepsin, they would digest their own cellular proteins

84
Q

You go to your physician because you have been suffering from fatigue. She recommends that you change your diet to eat more kale, spinach and liver. You are suffering from

Question 9 options:

Anemia

Osteoporosis

Scurvy

Beriberi

Kwashiorkor

A

Beriberi

WRONG

85
Q

If someone had a nonfunctioning large intestine, what would be the likely result?

Question 10 options:

Food could not be swallowed correctly

Excess water would remain in the feces

Food would not be absorbed into the bloodstream

Lipids would not be digested

A

Excess water would remain in the feces

86
Q

The lemming is a small mammals with a very high daily energy expenditure for its size. Based on what you learned in the panda case study, what would you predict about the lemming?

Question 11 options:

It would have a very large brain, heart and kidney for its size

It would be a very active animal

It would have a very high metabolic rate for its size

All of the above

B and C only

A

B and C only

WRONG

87
Q

A patient has cancer of the small intestine and has to have 25% of their small intestine removed. What is the likely result for this patient?

Question 12 options:

Food could not be swallowed correctly

Less food would not be absorbed into the bloodstream

Lipids would not be digested

Excess water would remain in the feces

A

Less food would not be absorbed into the bloodstream

88
Q

A new weight loss drug prevents the secretion of lipase. How does this lead to weight loss?

Question 13 options:

It prevents the breakdown and absorption of fats

It makes the stomach feel full so the person eats less

It prevents the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates

It slows down the removal fecal material so the person is uncomfortable if they eat too much

A

It prevents the breakdown and absorption of fats

89
Q

Where would you expect to find more examples of animals that are suspension/filter feeders?

Question 14 options:

On a coral reef

In a desert

On a mountain top

In a forest in the northeast region of North America

A

On a coral reef

90
Q

Bile is crucial for ______ digestion because of its function in _____.

Question 15 options:

fat, emulsification

nucleic acids, uncoiling DNA strands

protein, lyophilization

fat, solubilizing glycerol:fatty acid bonds

protein, protecting the stomach lining

A

fat, emulsification

Biology 2 (61 decks)

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