Chapter 22: Introduction to Evolution (Quiz/Lab Questions) Flashcards
An important message from the work of Thomas Malthus that influenced Charles Darwin was
animals tended toward “human perfection.”
only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce.
population size of humans can only increase linearly.
inheritance of acquired characteristics.
None of these. Charles Darwin was influenced by John Ray, not Thomas Malthus.
only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce.
In walruses, males defend a large harem of females and will fight with other males to maintain dominance and access to their harem. However, there are some males that are smaller and will mimic female walruses, hiding among them and occasionally mating with them. Which type of male has true adaptations?
The dominant male
The female mimic male
Neither male has any TRUE adaptations
Both types of males have true adaptations
Both types of males have true adaptations
The bones of the forelimb of horses, humans, bats, birds, and whales have similar bone structure due to common ancestry. This is an example of
Question 3 options:
Anatomical homology
Molecular analogy
Developmental homology
Developmental analogy
Anatomical homology
Which of the following statements best describes the evolutionary outcome of a gene duplication event?
Question 4 options:
Gene duplications are mutations, so they will result in inviable offspring.
Gene duplication allows for higher complexity in organisms, as genes can take on more specialized functions.
Gene duplications allow for faster growth and development, as there is more DNA to direct these processes.
Gene duplications allow for higher reproductive fitness, as there is more genetic information to be distributed among offspring.
Gene duplications could be detrimental to the fitness of an organism, as proteins are produced in higher quantities than normal.
Gene duplications allow for faster growth and development, as there is more DNA to direct these processes. WRONG
Gene duplication allows for higher complexity in organisms, as genes can take on more specialized functions. Probably
During the Beagle journey, Darwin visited the Galapagos islands, allowing him to compare island species with continental species. In terms of framing his theory of evolution, why was this significant?
Question 5 options:
Because the island species had both similarities to their continental ancestors and unique adaptations to their island environments
Because the island species no longer shared traits with their continental ancestors
Because the island species had not changed from their ancestral continental form
Because the island species had very low reproductive and survival rates
Because the island species had both similarities to their continental ancestors and unique adaptations to their island environments
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, meaning that they split in half and make clones of themselves. Why would Darwin argue that evolution would be slower in bacteria?
Question 6 options:
They lack genetic variation
They rely on mutations for genetic variation and these are less common
There is no mate choice
All of the above
They lack genetic variation
All of the above
The bacterium Bacillus tumefaciens has been harnessed in biotechnology because it can insert a gene from one species of plant into another. This can also occur in nature and is referred to as
Question 7 options:
vestigial transfer
homology
horizontal gene transfer
vertical evolution
exon shuffling through endocytosis
horizontal gene transfer
Archaeopteryx is a primitive bird from the late Jurassic period that shares many characteristics with extinct theropod dinosaurs and modern-day birds. Based on this information, Archaeopteryx would be a(n)
Question 8 options:
Ancestral form
Fossil precursor
Intermediate type
Transitional form
Transitional form
In walruses, males defend a large harem of females and will fight with other males to maintain dominance and access to their harem. However, there are some males that are smaller and will mimic female walruses, hiding among them and occasionally mating with them. Researchers observed a walrus population and found that there were 75 offspring produced. Of those, the female mimic male was the father of 25, the dominant males was the father of 50 and each of the 75 females produced one offspring. What was the fitness value of one female?
1.0
.50
.1
0.01
1.0
WRONG.. have no idea how to determine this metric
75 Offspring produced
AA produced 50 offspring
Aa produces 25 offspring
Fitness of AA = 1.0
Fitness of Aa = .5
Which of these would NOT be a good method for sorting out the evolutionary relationships between a parrot, gorilla, hippopotamus, starfish and catfish?
Question 10 options:
Comparing their skeletal anatomy
Comparing their embryos for common developmental patterns
Examining their habitat
Comparing their DNA sequences for divergences of selected genes
Examining their habitat
The Grants studied finches on the Galapagos Islands. They hypothesized that dry conditions produce larger seeds and therefore would result in finches with larger beaks over succeeding generations. Which of the following would support this hypothesis?
Question 11 options:
There were more birds present after a drought
The average beak size declined during the drought
The average beak size was larger during the drought
There were fewer birds present during the drought
The average beak size was larger in the years after the drought
The average beak size was larger in the years after the drought
A dairy farmer has purchased a new cow that produces more milk than the rest of his cows. He immediately breeds her with his best bull and then continues to breed her and her offspring. Eventually he has a large population of cows that produce more milk and therefore he can increase his profits. This is an example of
Question 12 options:
Gene flow
Artificial selection
Natural selection
Convergent evolution
Artificial selection
Which of these can be considered an example of biogeographical evidence for evolution?
Question 13 options:
Pythons retain leg bones within their body
Marsupials evolved in Australia when it was separated from other landmasses
Whales are related to hippos because they have similar pelvic and leg bones
All organisms have DNA
Marsupials evolved in Australia when it was separated from other landmasses
The process of natural selection results in
Question 14 options:
Extinction
Random genetic mutations
Adaptation
Speciation
All but B
All but B
If two genes are homologous, then it can be said that they are
Question 15 options:
derived from different ancestral genes but have a similar function
derived from the same ancestral gene
found only outside the nucleus in the mitochondrion or chloroplast
derived from different ancestral genes and have different functions
derived from the same ancestral gene
