Chapter 32: Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Book Questions/Quiz) Flashcards
Gymnosperms and angiosperms are:
Multiple choice question.
seed plants
gnetophytes
lycophytes
flowering plants
seed plants
Select all that apply
Angiosperm produce _________. Name all that apply.
Multiple select question.
flowers
cones
seed endosperm
fruits
flowers
seed endosperm
fruits
Select all that apply
Identify the critical evolutionary innovations found in all seed plants but absent in seedless plants.
Multiple select question.
vascular tissue
leaves
ovules
flowers
pollen
ovules
pollen
Gymnosperms are characterized by _______
Multiple choice question.
the absence of wood
enclosed, rather than exposed, seeds
exposed, rather than enclosed, seeds
the absence of seeds
exposed, rather than enclosed, seeds
What trait of plant evolution allows for trees to grow in height?
Multiple choice question.
flowers
roots
wood
seeds
wood
Select all that apply
Which two groups comprise the seed plants?
Multiple select question.
gymnosperms
pteridophytes
angiosperms
hornworts
lycophytes
gymnosperms
angiosperms
The coralloid roots of cycads derive their name from ________
Multiple choice question.
their interactions with soil organisms
their reproductive ability
their ability to thrive in salt water
their branching growth form
their branching growth form
Select all the features that gymnosperm have in common with angiosperm.
Multiple select question.
fruits
flowers
seeds
pollen
wood
seeds
pollen
wood
Select all that apply
Select all features of Ginkgo biloba.
Multiple select question.
sex chromosome system similar to humans
spreading, palm-like leaves
only remaining species of its phylum
many evergreen representatives
leaves with unusual forked veins
most diverse gymnosperm lineage
sex chromosome system similar to humans
only remaining species of its phylum
leaves with unusual forked veins
Match the evolutionary innovation of seed plants with the advantage it provides.
wood
ovules
pollen
seeds
gametophyte dispersal
gametophyte protection
tall growth
reproduction in diverse environments
1C
2B
3A
4D
Gymnosperms get their name from the Greek “gymnos” and “sperma” meaning _______ ________,, which describes their seed structure.
naked; seed
The plant material, composed of xylem tissue, that allows trees like sequoias to grow very tall is known as ______
wood
What is the most diverse group of gymnosperms?
Multiple choice question.
Ginkgo
cycads
conifers
Gnetophytes
conifers
Select all that apply
Select all properties of cycads.
Multiple select question.
represented by only one species
bilobed leaves
coralloid roots
beetles act as pollinators
spreading, palm-like leaves
coralloid roots
beetles act as pollinators
spreading, palm-like leaves
The Ginkgo _________ tree is a gymnosperm which has bilobed leaves with forked veins.
biloba
The evolutionary success of angiosperms is based upon traits that are absent or rare in other plants. These include _______, _______, and __________.
Flowers, fruits, endosperm or seeds
A significant innovation in angiosperms is a fertilization product that nourishes the embryo. It is called:
Multiple choice question.
endosperm
a synergid
integument
a micropyle
endosperm
The most diverse modern gymnosperm lineage is the _____.
conifers
What does the presence of flowers, fruits, and seed endosperm accomplish for angiosperms?
Multiple choice question.
Conservation of water in arid environments
Production and dispersal of seeds and enclosed embryos
Less energy needed for reproductive activities
Production and dispersal of seeds and enclosed embryos
__________ are angiosperm reproductive structures that are specialized for the efficient production of pollen and seeds.
Flowers
Flowers that contain all four types of organs are called _______, while those that lack one or more organs are called ____________
complete; incomplete
Which of the following is not a significant angiosperm-specific evolutionary advance?
Multiple choice question.
endosperm
xylem
fruits
flowers
xylem
Ovules are produced by the ________ of a flower.
Multiple choice question.
stamen
sepals
anther
carpels
carpels
What is the function of flowers?
Multiple choice question.
pollen and seed production
efficient gas exchange
protection from herbivory
pollen and seed production
Choose all plants that undergo double fertilization.
Multiple select question.
apple trees
pine trees
tomatoes
ferns
apple trees
tomatoes
In gymnosperms and angiosperms, the fertilized ovule develops into a(n)
Multiple choice question.
egg.
megaspore.
pollen tube.
seed.
seed.
What is the difference between complete and incomplete flowers?
Multiple choice question.
Complete flowers have all four major flower organ types; incomplete do not.
Complete flowers are capable of self-fertilization; incomplete are not.
Complete flowers have separate sepals and petals; incomplete have tepals.
Complete flowers have all four major flower organ types; incomplete do not.
What portion of a flower will develop into a fruit?
Multiple choice question.
pedicel
ovary
anther
pollen granule
ovary
The two latest diverging lineages of angiosperms are the __________ and ___________.
monocots; eudicots
What flower structure produces ovules?
Multiple choice question.
carpel
perianth
filament
receptacle
stamen
carpel
The products of double fertilization are:
Multiple choice question.
egg and sperm
zygote and endosperm
angiosperm and gymnosperm
sporophyte and gametophyte
zygote and endosperm
Angiosperms with a single cotyledon are called ________, and angiosperms with two cotyledons are called ___________.
monocots; eudicots
cotyledons are embryonic leaves (count of flower parts)
In angiosperms, the _________ develops into fruit after fertilization.
Ovary
Select all that apply
Choose the two angiosperm lineages that have diverged most recently.
Multiple select question.
Amborella
monocots
star anise and relatives
eudicots
magnoliids
water lilies
monocots
eudicots
Select all that apply
Select all traits that apply to monocots but not eudicots:
Multiple select question.
flower parts in multiples of four or five
angiosperm
two cotyledons
flower parts in multiples of three
single cotyledon
gymnosperm
flower parts in multiples of three
single cotyledon
An animal that transfers pollen between plants is known as a(n) _________
pollinator
What is the main function of a fruit?
Multiple choice question.
to provide food for the young plants as they germinate
to disperse the enclosed seeds
to provide a meal for a pollinator
to disperse the enclosed seeds
Eudicots are
Multiple choice question.
gymnosperms with one cotyledon.
angiosperms with one cotyledon.
gymnosperms with two cotyledons.
angiosperms with two cotyledons.
angiosperms with two cotyledons.
Fruits are structures that develop from _________ walls and function in the dispersal of ________ that are enclosed in them.
overy; seeds
What portion of a flower will develop into a fruit?
Multiple choice question.
ovary
anther
pedicel
pollen granule
ovary
Molecules that are synthesized by organisms but are not essential for cell structure and growth are known as:
Multiple choice question.
extracellular metabolites
secondary metabolites
intracellular metabolites
primary metabolites
secondary metabolites
A pollinator is a(n)
Multiple choice question.
animal that transports pistils to the pollen of plants.
plant that overproduces pollen.
plant that overproduces pistils.
animal that transfers pollen between plants.
animal that transfers pollen between plants.
The process by which two or more species influence each other’s evolutionary pathways is called _________
coevolution
The main function of a fruit is to disperse the ___________ enclosed in it.
seed
Pollinators transfer pollen from the _________ of one flower to the ____________ of other flowers of the same species.
anther; stigma
Why do plants have to signal fruit ripeness?
Multiple choice question.
Because when inside of fruits, plant seeds have limited viability.
Because ripe fruits can rot and in the process the seeds are usually completely destroyed.
Because ripe fruits can easily rot and become inedible.
Because ripe fruits can easily rot and become inedible.
During coevolution:
Multiple choice question.
Two or more species influence each other’s evolutionary pathways
Plant and animal species evolve similar features due to genes they may share
Two or more species evolve similar features even though they may not be related
Plant and animal species exchange genes through horizontal gene transfer
Two or more species influence each other’s evolutionary pathways
A plant embryo receiving nutrition from the maternal plant is an example of
Question 1 options:
chemotrophy
allotrophy
heterotrophy
autotrophy
matrotrophy
matrotrophy
The conspicuous green parts of ferns that you see in the woods are mostly sporophytes.
Question 2 options:
True
False
True
Which of the following statements characterizes euphylls?
Question 3 options:
They differ from lycophylls by having a single, unbranched vein rather than a branched vascular system.
They are thought to have evolved from a branch that flattened and developed photosyntehtic tissue between the branches.
They are also called microphylls because they tend to be much smaller than lycophylls.
All of the above are correct statements about euphylls.
They are thought to have evolved from a branch that flattened and developed photosyntehtic tissue between the branches.
Two characteristics shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms that are absent from earlier plant groups and represent key adaptations to life on dry land are
Question 4 options:
chlorophyll a and protected reproductive structures;
pollen and seeds.
flagellated sperm and gametangia.
a vascular system and lignin.
flowers and fruits.
pollen and seeds.
Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of fruits and seeds?
Question 5 options:
Fruits always have fleshy coverings, while those of seeds are always hard.
“Fruits” and “seeds” are synonymous terms.
Fruits are structures that contain seeds and foster seed dispersal.
Fruits contain endosperm but seeds do not.
Fruits are produced only by angiosperms and seeds are produced exclusively by gymnosperms.
Fruits are structures that contain seeds and foster seed dispersal.
In our Columbine case study, we learned about different pollination syndromes. A pollination syndrome characterized by flowers that are purplish-brown and produce a smell of rotting meat or carrion is characteristic of
Question 6 options:
sphignophily
ornithophily
myophily
sapromyophily
psychopily
sapromyophily
In our Columbine case study, we learned that the lines of a cladogram illustrate
Question 7 options:
the sequence in which the different species evolved.
where two species hybridized.
lineages of organisms.
common ancestors of different species.
none of the above.
lineages of organisms.
Meiosis does not occur in gametophytes.
Question 8 options:
True
False
False WRONG
In our Columbine case study, we learned about pollination syndromes. A pollination syndrome is
Question 9 options:
specializations of plants that attract a specific kind of pollinator.
a brush-like tongue of hummingbirds to which pollen adheres.
a series of bristles on the backs of insects to which pollen adheres.
the synchronous release of pollen by many individuals of wind-pollinated trees.
the simultaneous release of two sperm, one to affect fertilization and the other to initiate formation of endosperm.
specializations of plants that attract a specific kind of pollinator.
The angiosperm plant we see represents the ________ generation, and the flower produces ________.
Question 10 options:
gametophyte; bryophytes
gametophyte; sporophytes
sporophyte; bryophytes
sporophyte; gametophytes
sporophyte; gametophytes
In our Columbine case study, we learned that the nodes of a cladogram illustrate
Question 11 options:
lineages of organisms.
common ancestors of different species.
where two species hybridized.
the sequence in which the different species evolved.
none of the above.
common ancestors of different species.
Modern evidence for the first major explosion of land plants can be seen in the
Question 12 options:
oxygen content of the atmosphere
sphagnum peat bogs
increases in carbon dioxide emissions
rich carboniferous coal deposits
modern distribution of lycophyte forests
rich carboniferous coal deposits
Double fertilization is
Question 13 options:
fertilization of an egg and an endosperm-forming cell by the same sperm.
fertilization of an egg by two sperm.
fertilization of two eggs by the same sperm.
fertilization of two eggs in the same flower.
fertilization of an egg by one sperm and an endosperm-forming cell by another sperm.
fertilization of an egg by one sperm and an endosperm-forming cell by another sperm.
In the plant life cycle, the gametophyte is the haploid generation and produces haploid gametes.
Question 14 options:
True
False
True
In our Columbine case study, we learned about adaptations for pollination. Flower adaptations like scent and color are
Question 15 options:
examples of primary attractants.
only important if the pollinators are birds and bees.
not important adaptations for pollination.
examples of secondary attractants.
examples of secondary attractants.
