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Biology 2 > Chapter 32: Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Book Questions/Quiz) > Flashcards

Chapter 32: Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Book Questions/Quiz) Flashcards

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1
Q

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are:

Multiple choice question.

seed plants

gnetophytes

lycophytes

flowering plants

A

seed plants

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2
Q

Select all that apply

Angiosperm produce _________. Name all that apply.

Multiple select question.

flowers

cones

seed endosperm

fruits

A

flowers

seed endosperm

fruits

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3
Q

Select all that apply

Identify the critical evolutionary innovations found in all seed plants but absent in seedless plants.

Multiple select question.

vascular tissue

leaves

ovules

flowers

pollen

A

ovules

pollen

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4
Q

Gymnosperms are characterized by _______

Multiple choice question.

the absence of wood

enclosed, rather than exposed, seeds

exposed, rather than enclosed, seeds

the absence of seeds

A

exposed, rather than enclosed, seeds

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5
Q

What trait of plant evolution allows for trees to grow in height?

Multiple choice question.

flowers

roots

wood

seeds

A

wood

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6
Q

Select all that apply

Which two groups comprise the seed plants?

Multiple select question.

gymnosperms

pteridophytes

angiosperms

hornworts

lycophytes

A

gymnosperms

angiosperms

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7
Q

The coralloid roots of cycads derive their name from ________

Multiple choice question.

their interactions with soil organisms

their reproductive ability

their ability to thrive in salt water

their branching growth form

A

their branching growth form

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8
Q

Select all the features that gymnosperm have in common with angiosperm.

Multiple select question.

fruits

flowers

seeds

pollen

wood

A

seeds

pollen

wood

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9
Q

Select all that apply

Select all features of Ginkgo biloba.

Multiple select question.

sex chromosome system similar to humans

spreading, palm-like leaves

only remaining species of its phylum

many evergreen representatives

leaves with unusual forked veins

most diverse gymnosperm lineage

A

sex chromosome system similar to humans

only remaining species of its phylum

leaves with unusual forked veins

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10
Q

Match the evolutionary innovation of seed plants with the advantage it provides.

wood
ovules
pollen
seeds

gametophyte dispersal
gametophyte protection
tall growth
reproduction in diverse environments

A

1C
2B
3A
4D

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11
Q

Gymnosperms get their name from the Greek “gymnos” and “sperma” meaning _______ ________,, which describes their seed structure.

A

naked; seed

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12
Q

The plant material, composed of xylem tissue, that allows trees like sequoias to grow very tall is known as ______

A

wood

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13
Q

What is the most diverse group of gymnosperms?

Multiple choice question.

Ginkgo

cycads

conifers

Gnetophytes

A

conifers

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14
Q

Select all that apply

Select all properties of cycads.

Multiple select question.

represented by only one species

bilobed leaves

coralloid roots

beetles act as pollinators

spreading, palm-like leaves

A

coralloid roots

beetles act as pollinators

spreading, palm-like leaves

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15
Q

The Ginkgo _________ tree is a gymnosperm which has bilobed leaves with forked veins.

A

biloba

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16
Q

The evolutionary success of angiosperms is based upon traits that are absent or rare in other plants. These include _______, _______, and __________.

A

Flowers, fruits, endosperm or seeds

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17
Q

A significant innovation in angiosperms is a fertilization product that nourishes the embryo. It is called:

Multiple choice question.

endosperm

a synergid

integument

a micropyle

A

endosperm

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18
Q

The most diverse modern gymnosperm lineage is the _____.

A

conifers

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19
Q

What does the presence of flowers, fruits, and seed endosperm accomplish for angiosperms?

Multiple choice question.

Conservation of water in arid environments

Production and dispersal of seeds and enclosed embryos

Less energy needed for reproductive activities

A

Production and dispersal of seeds and enclosed embryos

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20
Q

__________ are angiosperm reproductive structures that are specialized for the efficient production of pollen and seeds.

A

Flowers

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21
Q

Flowers that contain all four types of organs are called _______, while those that lack one or more organs are called ____________

A

complete; incomplete

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22
Q

Which of the following is not a significant angiosperm-specific evolutionary advance?

Multiple choice question.

endosperm

xylem

fruits

flowers

A

xylem

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23
Q

Ovules are produced by the ________ of a flower.

Multiple choice question.

stamen

sepals

anther

carpels

A

carpels

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24
Q

What is the function of flowers?

Multiple choice question.

pollen and seed production

efficient gas exchange

protection from herbivory

A

pollen and seed production

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25
Q

Choose all plants that undergo double fertilization.

Multiple select question.

apple trees

pine trees

tomatoes

ferns

A

apple trees

tomatoes

26
Q

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, the fertilized ovule develops into a(n)

Multiple choice question.

egg.

megaspore.

pollen tube.

seed.

A

seed.

27
Q

What is the difference between complete and incomplete flowers?

Multiple choice question.

Complete flowers have all four major flower organ types; incomplete do not.

Complete flowers are capable of self-fertilization; incomplete are not.

Complete flowers have separate sepals and petals; incomplete have tepals.

A

Complete flowers have all four major flower organ types; incomplete do not.

28
Q

What portion of a flower will develop into a fruit?

Multiple choice question.

pedicel

ovary

anther

pollen granule

A

ovary

29
Q

The two latest diverging lineages of angiosperms are the __________ and ___________.

A

monocots; eudicots

30
Q

What flower structure produces ovules?

Multiple choice question.

carpel

perianth

filament

receptacle

stamen

A

carpel

31
Q

The products of double fertilization are:

Multiple choice question.

egg and sperm

zygote and endosperm

angiosperm and gymnosperm

sporophyte and gametophyte

A

zygote and endosperm

32
Q

Angiosperms with a single cotyledon are called ________, and angiosperms with two cotyledons are called ___________.

A

monocots; eudicots

cotyledons are embryonic leaves (count of flower parts)

33
Q

In angiosperms, the _________ develops into fruit after fertilization.

A

Ovary

34
Q

Select all that apply

Choose the two angiosperm lineages that have diverged most recently.

Multiple select question.

Amborella

monocots

star anise and relatives

eudicots

magnoliids

water lilies

A

monocots

eudicots

35
Q

Select all that apply

Select all traits that apply to monocots but not eudicots:

Multiple select question.

flower parts in multiples of four or five

angiosperm

two cotyledons

flower parts in multiples of three

single cotyledon

gymnosperm

A

flower parts in multiples of three

single cotyledon

36
Q

An animal that transfers pollen between plants is known as a(n) _________

A

pollinator

37
Q

What is the main function of a fruit?

Multiple choice question.

to provide food for the young plants as they germinate

to disperse the enclosed seeds

to provide a meal for a pollinator

A

to disperse the enclosed seeds

38
Q

Eudicots are

Multiple choice question.

gymnosperms with one cotyledon.

angiosperms with one cotyledon.

gymnosperms with two cotyledons.

angiosperms with two cotyledons.

A

angiosperms with two cotyledons.

39
Q

Fruits are structures that develop from _________ walls and function in the dispersal of ________ that are enclosed in them.

A

overy; seeds

40
Q

What portion of a flower will develop into a fruit?

Multiple choice question.

ovary

anther

pedicel

pollen granule

A

ovary

41
Q

Molecules that are synthesized by organisms but are not essential for cell structure and growth are known as:

Multiple choice question.

extracellular metabolites

secondary metabolites

intracellular metabolites

primary metabolites

A

secondary metabolites

42
Q

A pollinator is a(n)

Multiple choice question.

animal that transports pistils to the pollen of plants.

plant that overproduces pollen.

plant that overproduces pistils.

animal that transfers pollen between plants.

A

animal that transfers pollen between plants.

43
Q

The process by which two or more species influence each other’s evolutionary pathways is called _________

A

coevolution

44
Q

The main function of a fruit is to disperse the ___________ enclosed in it.

A

seed

45
Q

Pollinators transfer pollen from the _________ of one flower to the ____________ of other flowers of the same species.

A

anther; stigma

46
Q

Why do plants have to signal fruit ripeness?

Multiple choice question.

Because when inside of fruits, plant seeds have limited viability.

Because ripe fruits can rot and in the process the seeds are usually completely destroyed.

Because ripe fruits can easily rot and become inedible.

A

Because ripe fruits can easily rot and become inedible.

47
Q

During coevolution:

Multiple choice question.

Two or more species influence each other’s evolutionary pathways

Plant and animal species evolve similar features due to genes they may share

Two or more species evolve similar features even though they may not be related

Plant and animal species exchange genes through horizontal gene transfer

A

Two or more species influence each other’s evolutionary pathways

48
Q

A plant embryo receiving nutrition from the maternal plant is an example of
Question 1 options:

chemotrophy

allotrophy

heterotrophy

autotrophy

matrotrophy

A

matrotrophy

49
Q

The conspicuous green parts of ferns that you see in the woods are mostly sporophytes.
Question 2 options:

True

False

A

True

50
Q

Which of the following statements characterizes euphylls?
Question 3 options:

They differ from lycophylls by having a single, unbranched vein rather than a branched vascular system.

They are thought to have evolved from a branch that flattened and developed photosyntehtic tissue between the branches.

They are also called microphylls because they tend to be much smaller than lycophylls.

All of the above are correct statements about euphylls.

A

They are thought to have evolved from a branch that flattened and developed photosyntehtic tissue between the branches.

51
Q

Two characteristics shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms that are absent from earlier plant groups and represent key adaptations to life on dry land are
Question 4 options:

chlorophyll a and protected reproductive structures;

pollen and seeds.

flagellated sperm and gametangia.

a vascular system and lignin.

flowers and fruits.

A

pollen and seeds.

52
Q

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of fruits and seeds?
Question 5 options:

Fruits always have fleshy coverings, while those of seeds are always hard.

“Fruits” and “seeds” are synonymous terms.

Fruits are structures that contain seeds and foster seed dispersal.

Fruits contain endosperm but seeds do not.

Fruits are produced only by angiosperms and seeds are produced exclusively by gymnosperms.

A

Fruits are structures that contain seeds and foster seed dispersal.

53
Q

In our Columbine case study, we learned about different pollination syndromes. A pollination syndrome characterized by flowers that are purplish-brown and produce a smell of rotting meat or carrion is characteristic of

Question 6 options:

sphignophily

ornithophily

myophily

sapromyophily

psychopily

A

sapromyophily

54
Q

In our Columbine case study, we learned that the lines of a cladogram illustrate

Question 7 options:

the sequence in which the different species evolved.

where two species hybridized.

lineages of organisms.

common ancestors of different species.

none of the above.

A

lineages of organisms.

55
Q

Meiosis does not occur in gametophytes.
Question 8 options:

True

False

A

False WRONG

56
Q

In our Columbine case study, we learned about pollination syndromes. A pollination syndrome is

Question 9 options:

specializations of plants that attract a specific kind of pollinator.

a brush-like tongue of hummingbirds to which pollen adheres.

a series of bristles on the backs of insects to which pollen adheres.

the synchronous release of pollen by many individuals of wind-pollinated trees.

the simultaneous release of two sperm, one to affect fertilization and the other to initiate formation of endosperm.

A

specializations of plants that attract a specific kind of pollinator.

57
Q

The angiosperm plant we see represents the ________ generation, and the flower produces ________.

Question 10 options:

gametophyte; bryophytes

gametophyte; sporophytes

sporophyte; bryophytes

sporophyte; gametophytes

A

sporophyte; gametophytes

58
Q

In our Columbine case study, we learned that the nodes of a cladogram illustrate

Question 11 options:

lineages of organisms.

common ancestors of different species.

where two species hybridized.

the sequence in which the different species evolved.

none of the above.

A

common ancestors of different species.

59
Q

Modern evidence for the first major explosion of land plants can be seen in the
Question 12 options:

oxygen content of the atmosphere

sphagnum peat bogs

increases in carbon dioxide emissions

rich carboniferous coal deposits

modern distribution of lycophyte forests

A

rich carboniferous coal deposits

60
Q

Double fertilization is
Question 13 options:

fertilization of an egg and an endosperm-forming cell by the same sperm.

fertilization of an egg by two sperm.

fertilization of two eggs by the same sperm.

fertilization of two eggs in the same flower.

fertilization of an egg by one sperm and an endosperm-forming cell by another sperm.

A

fertilization of an egg by one sperm and an endosperm-forming cell by another sperm.

61
Q

In the plant life cycle, the gametophyte is the haploid generation and produces haploid gametes.
Question 14 options:

True

False

A

True

62
Q

In our Columbine case study, we learned about adaptations for pollination. Flower adaptations like scent and color are

Question 15 options:

examples of primary attractants.

only important if the pollinators are birds and bees.

not important adaptations for pollination.

examples of secondary attractants.

A

examples of secondary attractants.

Biology 2 (61 decks)

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