Chapter 27: Archaea and Bacteria (Book Questions) Flashcards
Blooms of cyanobacteria can be harmful to humans, pets, livestock, and wildlife due their production of _________
Toxins
Select all that apply
Prokaryotes are divided into two domains. Which ones?
Multiple select question.
Monera
Protista
Bacteria
Archaea
Bacteria
Archaea
Select all that apply
Which of the following are characteristics associated with bacteria and archaea?
Multiple select question.
Relatively rare
Typically smaller cell size than that of eukaryotes
Typically larger cell size than that of eukaryotes
Simpler cell structure than eukaryotes
Most abundant organisms on Earth
More complex cell structure than eukaryotes
Typically smaller cell size than that of eukaryotes
Simpler cell structure than eukaryotes
Most abundant organisms on Earth
Which of the three domains are most closely related to each other?
Multiple choice question.
Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea and Domain Eukarya
Domain Archaea and Domain Eukarya
Eukaryotes share a number of cellular features with the _______, suggesting common ancestry.
Multiple choice question.
bacteria
archaea
archaea
Cyanobacterial blooms occur in ______-rich waters.
Multiple choice question.
sodium
phosphorous
calcium
phosphorous
Select all that apply
The uniquely extreme habitats that the Archaea exploit include those with high:
Multiple select question.
altitude
acidity
temperature
salinity
acidity
temperature
salinity
While domain Archaea includes 5 phyla, molecular studies suggest that domain Bacteria contains about ______ phyla.
Multiple choice question.
50
20
35
65
50
The blue-green color of cyanobacteria comes not from chlorophyll alone, but from accessory _______ that help chlorophyll _______.
Multiple choice question.
enzymes; produce methane
enzymes; absorb light energy
pigments; absorb light energy
pigments; fix nitrogen
enzymes; fix nitrogen
pigments; absorb light energy
Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes, but they are considered to be a ________ group because they do not include all the descendants of a single common ancestor.
paraphyletic
Ancient cyanobacteria are thought to have generated the first _________-rich atmosphere on Earth, paving the way for the rise of the _________
oxygen; eukaryotes
The transfer of genes between different species is known as __________ gene transfer.
Horizontal
Unlike most bacteria and eukaryotes, archaea have the ability to live in areas with:
Multiple select question.
high temperature levels
high oxygen levels
low oxygen levels
high methane levels
high temperature levels
high methane levels
Of the more than 50 phyla in the domain Bacteria, the two that are most diverse and relevant to eukaryotic cell evolution, global ecology and human activity are _______
Multiple choice question.
Planctomycetes and Deinococcus.
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.
Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria.
Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi.
Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria.
The unique color of cyanobacteria results from chlorophyll and:
Multiple choice question.
parasitic bacteria
chloroplasts
photosynthetic enzymes
accessory pigments
accessory pigments
In addition to the processes of transduction, transformation, and conjugation, horizontal gene transfer can occur between different bacterial species by means of __________
endosymbiosis (endosymbionit and host)
The cyanobacteria gave rise to the _______ of eukaryotic algae and plants.
chloroplasts or plastids
The advantage of the small cell size of archaea and bacteria is:
Multiple choice question.
the cells can hide from predators
the diffusion of materials into the cell is controlled
the cells can divide faster
they are more resistant to antibiotics
the cells can divide faster
The presence of thylakoids in cyanobacteria allows for ___________ to take place.
photosynthesis
Match the Terms!
Vibrios Spirilli Cocci Spirochaetes Bacilli
Flexible spiral-shaped Comma-shaped Spheres Rigid spiral-shaped Elongated rods
Cocci/Spheres
Bacilli/Elongated rods
Vibrios/Comma-shaped
Spirochaetes/Flexible spiral-shaped
Spirilli/Rigid spiral-shaped
Mucilage, or glycocalyx, is:
Multiple choice question.
found in gas vesicles
a type of locomotion
a slimy coating
a type of plasma membrane
found in thylakoids
a slimy coating
Endosymbiosis can lead to horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. Genes can be exchanged between the:
Multiple choice question.
two daughter cells
daughter and the mother cells
endosymbiont and the exosymbiont
endosymbiont and the host
environment and the host
endosymbiont and the host
The cell wall of most archaea is made up of ______, while the cell wall of most bacteria contains the polymer known as ______.
Multiple choice question.
peptidoglycan; glycoprotein
lipopolysaccharide; cellulose
protein; peptidoglycan
cellulose; lipopolysaccharide
protein; peptidoglycan
While there are many exceptions, the size of archaea and bacteria are usually:
Multiple choice question.
larger than the average eukaryote
15-20mm long
between 1 - 5μm in diameter
between 100 and 1000μm in diameter
between 1 - 5μm in diameter
Intracellular membranous tubules whose surfaces bear chlorophyll are:
Multiple choice question.
akinetes
pili
gas vesicles
thylakoids
thylakoids
Many bacteria and archaea have structures that enables them to be motile located _______.
Multiple choice question.
at the cell surface
both on the surface and within the cell
within the cell
entirely outside of the cell
both on the surface and within the cell
Spherical prokaryotic cells are known as _________ and include species such as Lactococcus and Streptococcus. Rod-shaped prokaryotic cells are called ___________, and include species such as Lactobacillus.
cocci/bacilli
The main components of mucilage are _______ and ___________, as well as lipids and nucleic acids.
polysaccharides, proteins
Bacterial and archaean cells reproduce via a type of asexual reproduction called _________ ___________, the process whereby a single cell splits into two identical cells.
binary fission
Most archaea possess a cell composed of ____.
Multiple choice question.
phospholipids
peptidoglycan
protein
lipopolysaccharides
protein
Microbiologists exploit the process of binary fission to count microbe cells. If a sample is grown on a petri dish, the number of colonies is approximately equal to:
Multiple choice question.
twice the number of cells in the original sample
half the number of cells in the original sample
one thousand times the number of cells in the original sample
the number of cells in the original sample
the number of cells in the original sample
Select all that apply
Bacteria develop akinetes or endospores when the cells are subjected to:
Multiple select question.
unfavorable temperatures
a low nutrient environment
low population numbers
unfavorable temperatures
a low nutrient environment
Which of the following describes the types of metabolism in bacteria and archaea?
Multiple choice question.
They are more diverse than in any other group of organisms.
They are about as diverse as the the types of metabolism found in most eukaryotic cells.
They are less diverse than in any other group of organism.
They are more diverse than in any other group of organisms.
Select all that apply
How can a microbiologist count the number of bacterial cells in a sample?
Multiple select question.
Use a flagella stain and count flagella
Grow them in a flask, then count the number of colonies
Use a mitochondrial stain and count cells
Use a DNA stain and count cells
Grow them on a petri dish and count colonies
Use a DNA stain and count cells
Grow them on a petri dish and count colonies
Autotrophs use ________ __________ for all or most of their carbon molecules.
inorganic sources
Akinetes are produced when bacterial cells:
Multiple choice question.
are ready to reproduce
undergo binary fission
move from one environment to another
experience stressful conditions
experience stressful conditions
The autotroph that uses inorganic compounds as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source is called a(n) ________-
chemoautotroph
______ are bacterial cells with unusually tough protein coats that are released upon the death of their parent cell.
Multiple choice question.
Endospores
Akinetes
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Endospores
Nitrogen ________ is the removal of nitrogen from the gaseous phase.
fixing or fixation
The types of metabolism seen in bacteria and archaea are more diverse than which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
any other group of organisms
plants, insects, and mammals
plants and mammals
insects and mammals
mammals
any other group of organisms
Select all that apply
Bacteria and archaea are important ecologically for their roles:
Multiple select question.
in the carbon cycle
as disease-causing pathogens
in symbioses with other organisms
in photosynthetic production for food crops
in the carbon cycle
as disease-causing pathogens
in symbioses with other organisms
Organisms that are able to produce their own organic compounds from inorganic sources are called ______
Multiple choice question.
autotrophs
heterotrophs
producers
autotrophs
Archaea known as methanogens are major producers and consumers of ___________, a greenhouse gas.
methane or CH4
_______ bacteria, along with algae and plants, produce organic compounds that other organisms consume.
Multiple choice question.
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Diazotrophic
Halophilic
Autotrophic
You isolate a bacterium or maybe an archaeon. You find that it uses light as an energy source but it requires organic compounds as a carbon source. You would classify this organism as a(n) ________
Multiple choice question.
chemoautotroph
photoautotroph
photoheterotroph
chemoheterotroph
photoheterotroph
Nitrogen fixation is the removal of nitrogen from the __________ phase
gaseous
______ bacteria, along with fungi and some animals, decompose dead organisms and organic matter, thus freeing minerals for use.
Multiple choice question.
Diazotrophic
Heterotrophic
Halophilic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
For their role in synthesizing organic compounds that other organisms use as food, autotrophic bacteria are referred to as ____________
Producers
Match the Terms!
Photoheterotroph
Photoautotroph
Chemoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
Uses light as an energy source to synthesize organic compounds
Uses organic compounds as a source of both energy and carbon
Uses light for energy and organic compounds as a source of carbon
Uses inorganic compounds as an energy source to synthesize organic compounds
1C, 2A, 3B, 4D
Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and other organic matter, thus releasing minerals for uptake, are called
Multiple choice question.
methanogens.
autotrophs.
photoautotrophs.
decomposers.
Decomposers
In cheese making, bacteria consume ______ and produce ______, which aids in curdling the milk.
Multiple choice question.
lactose; lactic acid
lactose; lactase
lactic acid; lactase
lactic acid; lactose
lactose; lactic acid
