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Biology 2 > Chapter 27: Archaea and Bacteria (Book Questions) > Flashcards

Chapter 27: Archaea and Bacteria (Book Questions) Flashcards

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1
Q

Blooms of cyanobacteria can be harmful to humans, pets, livestock, and wildlife due their production of _________

A

Toxins

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2
Q

Select all that apply

Prokaryotes are divided into two domains. Which ones?

Multiple select question.

Monera

Protista

Bacteria

Archaea

A

Bacteria

Archaea

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3
Q

Select all that apply

Which of the following are characteristics associated with bacteria and archaea?

Multiple select question.

Relatively rare

Typically smaller cell size than that of eukaryotes

Typically larger cell size than that of eukaryotes

Simpler cell structure than eukaryotes

Most abundant organisms on Earth

More complex cell structure than eukaryotes

A

Typically smaller cell size than that of eukaryotes

Simpler cell structure than eukaryotes

Most abundant organisms on Earth

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4
Q

Which of the three domains are most closely related to each other?

Multiple choice question.

Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea and Domain Eukarya

A

Domain Archaea and Domain Eukarya

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5
Q

Eukaryotes share a number of cellular features with the _______, suggesting common ancestry.

Multiple choice question.

bacteria

archaea

A

archaea

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6
Q

Cyanobacterial blooms occur in ______-rich waters.

Multiple choice question.

sodium

phosphorous

calcium

A

phosphorous

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7
Q

Select all that apply

The uniquely extreme habitats that the Archaea exploit include those with high:

Multiple select question.

altitude

acidity

temperature

salinity

A

acidity

temperature

salinity

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8
Q

While domain Archaea includes 5 phyla, molecular studies suggest that domain Bacteria contains about ______ phyla.

Multiple choice question.

50

20

35

65

A

50

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9
Q

The blue-green color of cyanobacteria comes not from chlorophyll alone, but from accessory _______ that help chlorophyll _______.

Multiple choice question.

enzymes; produce methane

enzymes; absorb light energy

pigments; absorb light energy

pigments; fix nitrogen

enzymes; fix nitrogen

A

pigments; absorb light energy

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10
Q

Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes, but they are considered to be a ________ group because they do not include all the descendants of a single common ancestor.

A

paraphyletic

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11
Q

Ancient cyanobacteria are thought to have generated the first _________-rich atmosphere on Earth, paving the way for the rise of the _________

A

oxygen; eukaryotes

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12
Q

The transfer of genes between different species is known as __________ gene transfer.

A

Horizontal

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13
Q

Unlike most bacteria and eukaryotes, archaea have the ability to live in areas with:

Multiple select question.

high temperature levels

high oxygen levels

low oxygen levels

high methane levels

A

high temperature levels

high methane levels

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14
Q

Of the more than 50 phyla in the domain Bacteria, the two that are most diverse and relevant to eukaryotic cell evolution, global ecology and human activity are _______

Multiple choice question.

Planctomycetes and Deinococcus.

Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.

Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria.

Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi.

A

Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria.

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15
Q

The unique color of cyanobacteria results from chlorophyll and:

Multiple choice question.

parasitic bacteria

chloroplasts

photosynthetic enzymes

accessory pigments

A

accessory pigments

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16
Q

In addition to the processes of transduction, transformation, and conjugation, horizontal gene transfer can occur between different bacterial species by means of __________

A

endosymbiosis (endosymbionit and host)

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17
Q

The cyanobacteria gave rise to the _______ of eukaryotic algae and plants.

A

chloroplasts or plastids

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18
Q

The advantage of the small cell size of archaea and bacteria is:

Multiple choice question.

the cells can hide from predators

the diffusion of materials into the cell is controlled

the cells can divide faster

they are more resistant to antibiotics

A

the cells can divide faster

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19
Q

The presence of thylakoids in cyanobacteria allows for ___________ to take place.

A

photosynthesis

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20
Q

Match the Terms!

Vibrios
Spirilli
Cocci
Spirochaetes
Bacilli
Flexible spiral-shaped
Comma-shaped
Spheres
Rigid spiral-shaped
Elongated rods
A

Cocci/Spheres

Bacilli/Elongated rods

Vibrios/Comma-shaped

Spirochaetes/Flexible spiral-shaped

Spirilli/Rigid spiral-shaped

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21
Q

Mucilage, or glycocalyx, is:

Multiple choice question.

found in gas vesicles

a type of locomotion

a slimy coating

a type of plasma membrane

found in thylakoids

A

a slimy coating

22
Q

Endosymbiosis can lead to horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. Genes can be exchanged between the:

Multiple choice question.

two daughter cells

daughter and the mother cells

endosymbiont and the exosymbiont

endosymbiont and the host

environment and the host

A

endosymbiont and the host

23
Q

The cell wall of most archaea is made up of ______, while the cell wall of most bacteria contains the polymer known as ______.

Multiple choice question.

peptidoglycan; glycoprotein

lipopolysaccharide; cellulose

protein; peptidoglycan

cellulose; lipopolysaccharide

A

protein; peptidoglycan

24
Q

While there are many exceptions, the size of archaea and bacteria are usually:

Multiple choice question.

larger than the average eukaryote

15-20mm long

between 1 - 5μm in diameter

between 100 and 1000μm in diameter

A

between 1 - 5μm in diameter

25
Q

Intracellular membranous tubules whose surfaces bear chlorophyll are:

Multiple choice question.

akinetes

pili

gas vesicles

thylakoids

A

thylakoids

26
Q

Many bacteria and archaea have structures that enables them to be motile located _______.

Multiple choice question.

at the cell surface

both on the surface and within the cell

within the cell

entirely outside of the cell

A

both on the surface and within the cell

27
Q

Spherical prokaryotic cells are known as _________ and include species such as Lactococcus and Streptococcus. Rod-shaped prokaryotic cells are called ___________, and include species such as Lactobacillus.

A

cocci/bacilli

28
Q

The main components of mucilage are _______ and ___________, as well as lipids and nucleic acids.

A

polysaccharides, proteins

29
Q

Bacterial and archaean cells reproduce via a type of asexual reproduction called _________ ___________, the process whereby a single cell splits into two identical cells.

A

binary fission

30
Q

Most archaea possess a cell composed of ____.

Multiple choice question.

phospholipids

peptidoglycan

protein

lipopolysaccharides

A

protein

31
Q

Microbiologists exploit the process of binary fission to count microbe cells. If a sample is grown on a petri dish, the number of colonies is approximately equal to:

Multiple choice question.

twice the number of cells in the original sample

half the number of cells in the original sample

one thousand times the number of cells in the original sample

the number of cells in the original sample

A

the number of cells in the original sample

32
Q

Select all that apply

Bacteria develop akinetes or endospores when the cells are subjected to:

Multiple select question.

unfavorable temperatures

a low nutrient environment

low population numbers

A

unfavorable temperatures

a low nutrient environment

33
Q

Which of the following describes the types of metabolism in bacteria and archaea?

Multiple choice question.

They are more diverse than in any other group of organisms.

They are about as diverse as the the types of metabolism found in most eukaryotic cells.

They are less diverse than in any other group of organism.

A

They are more diverse than in any other group of organisms.

34
Q

Select all that apply

How can a microbiologist count the number of bacterial cells in a sample?

Multiple select question.

Use a flagella stain and count flagella

Grow them in a flask, then count the number of colonies

Use a mitochondrial stain and count cells

Use a DNA stain and count cells

Grow them on a petri dish and count colonies

A

Use a DNA stain and count cells

Grow them on a petri dish and count colonies

35
Q

Autotrophs use ________ __________ for all or most of their carbon molecules.

A

inorganic sources

36
Q

Akinetes are produced when bacterial cells:

Multiple choice question.

are ready to reproduce

undergo binary fission

move from one environment to another

experience stressful conditions

A

experience stressful conditions

37
Q

The autotroph that uses inorganic compounds as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source is called a(n) ________-

A

chemoautotroph

38
Q

______ are bacterial cells with unusually tough protein coats that are released upon the death of their parent cell.

Multiple choice question.

Endospores

Akinetes

Halophiles

Thermophiles

A

Endospores

39
Q

Nitrogen ________ is the removal of nitrogen from the gaseous phase.

A

fixing or fixation

40
Q

The types of metabolism seen in bacteria and archaea are more diverse than which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

any other group of organisms

plants, insects, and mammals

plants and mammals

insects and mammals

mammals

A

any other group of organisms

41
Q

Select all that apply

Bacteria and archaea are important ecologically for their roles:

Multiple select question.

in the carbon cycle

as disease-causing pathogens

in symbioses with other organisms

in photosynthetic production for food crops

A

in the carbon cycle

as disease-causing pathogens

in symbioses with other organisms

42
Q

Organisms that are able to produce their own organic compounds from inorganic sources are called ______

Multiple choice question.

autotrophs

heterotrophs

producers

A

autotrophs

43
Q

Archaea known as methanogens are major producers and consumers of ___________, a greenhouse gas.

A

methane or CH4

44
Q

_______ bacteria, along with algae and plants, produce organic compounds that other organisms consume.

Multiple choice question.

Heterotrophic

Autotrophic

Diazotrophic

Halophilic

A

Autotrophic

45
Q

You isolate a bacterium or maybe an archaeon. You find that it uses light as an energy source but it requires organic compounds as a carbon source. You would classify this organism as a(n) ________

Multiple choice question.

chemoautotroph

photoautotroph

photoheterotroph

chemoheterotroph

A

photoheterotroph

46
Q

Nitrogen fixation is the removal of nitrogen from the __________ phase

A

gaseous

47
Q

______ bacteria, along with fungi and some animals, decompose dead organisms and organic matter, thus freeing minerals for use.

Multiple choice question.

Diazotrophic

Heterotrophic

Halophilic

Autotrophic

A

Heterotrophic

48
Q

For their role in synthesizing organic compounds that other organisms use as food, autotrophic bacteria are referred to as ____________

A

Producers

49
Q

Match the Terms!

Photoheterotroph
Photoautotroph
Chemoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph

Uses light as an energy source to synthesize organic compounds

Uses organic compounds as a source of both energy and carbon

Uses light for energy and organic compounds as a source of carbon

Uses inorganic compounds as an energy source to synthesize organic compounds

A

1C, 2A, 3B, 4D

50
Q

Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and other organic matter, thus releasing minerals for uptake, are called

Multiple choice question.

methanogens.

autotrophs.

photoautotrophs.

decomposers.

A

Decomposers

51
Q

In cheese making, bacteria consume ______ and produce ______, which aids in curdling the milk.

Multiple choice question.

lactose; lactic acid

lactose; lactase

lactic acid; lactase

lactic acid; lactose

A

lactose; lactic acid

Biology 2 (61 decks)

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