Chapter 44 (Questions/Quiz) Flashcards
What can be defined as a specialized system of cells that responds to a specific type of stimulus, and sends information to the CNS?
Multiple choice question.
A sensory cortex
A sense
A sensory nerve
A sensory receptor cell
A sense
True or False: All sensory systems convert stimuli into signals that alter membrane potentials in sensory neurons.
True false question.
True
False
True
True or false: Perception is an awareness of the sensations that are experienced.
True false question.
True
False
True
Sensory receptor neurons directly sense a stimulus, while sensory receptors that are specialized epithelial cells ______ to stimulate an action potential in a nearby neuron.
Multiple choice question.
send a signal through a gap junction
release neurotransmitters
pass on the same stimulus
release hormones
release neurotransmitters
The initial response of a sensory receptor to a stimulus is _____, that may not always be strong enough to initiate _____.
Multiple choice question.
a graded receptor potential; an action potential
an all-or-none receptor potential; an action potential
an action potential; a graded receptor potential
a graded receptor potential; an action potential
Which of the statements below best defines a “sense”?
Multiple choice question.
A system of specialized cells that respond to a specific type of stimulus
Groups of sensory cells that allows the organism to interpret their environment
An organ that allows the organism to detect changes in their environment
A specific type of sense organ
A system of specialized cells that respond to a specific type of stimulus
Question Mode
Multiple Choice Question
When the brain receives stimuli from different sensory modalities, it interprets them as different sensations because they each _____.
Multiple choice question.
use dedicated pathways
have unique types of action potentials
use different strengths of action potentials
use different patterns of action potentials
use dedicated pathways
Meissner, Pacinian, and Ruffini corpuscles are receptors located in the skin that are neuronal dendrites covered by _________ tissue.
connective or dense connective
Which of the following best describes perception?
Multiple choice question.
The brain is processing a stimulus.
An animal is aware of a stimulus in its environment.
An animal is thinking about a stimulus in its environment.
An animal is sensing a change in its external environment.
An animal is aware of a stimulus in its environment.
True or false: Neuron endings that detect stretch in organs that can be distended are called nociceptors.
True false question.
True
False
False
Select all that apply
Sensory receptors can be classified as which types of cells?
Multiple select question.
Glial cells
Muscle cells
Neurons
Adipose cells
Connective tissue cells
Epithelial cells
Neurons
Epithelial cells
The first response of a sensory receptor to a stimulus is usually _____.
Multiple choice question.
A graded potential
An action potential
Negative
All-or-none
A graded potential
Select all that apply
Which of the following are characteristics of hair cells?
Multiple select question.
Neurons
Connective tissue cells
Stereocilia
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Epithelial cells
Stereocilia
Mechanoreceptors
Epithelial cells
Select all that apply
Functions of the CNS in sensation include which of the following?
Multiple select question.
Interpreting sensory signals from the body
Containing sensory receptors that provide information about the external environment
Receiving signals from sensory receptors
Generating sensory signals
Interpreting sensory signals from the body
Receiving signals from sensory receptors
Which of the following is the best definition of audition?
Multiple choice question.
The ability to echolocate
The ability to detect and interpret sound waves
The ability to detect sound waves and gravity
The ability detect and interpret photons
The ability to detect and interpret infrared light
The ability to detect and interpret sound waves
Select all that apply
Which of the following skin receptors consist of neuronal dendrites covered in dense connective tissue?
Multiple select question.
Free nerve endings
Ruffini corpuscles
Hair follicle endings
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini corpuscles
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Mechanoreceptors that are neuron endings that detect distension in organs are called _______ __________
Blank 1: stretch
Blank 2: receptors
The ability of animals to locate where a sound is coming from is dependent on the sound being received by their two ears at _________ times.
different
Epithelial mechanoreceptors with stereocilia are called _________ _________
Blank 1: hair
Blank 2: cells
The ability to sense the position, orientation, and movement of the body is called _____.
Multiple choice question.
proprioception
audition
sensory transduction
perception
proprioception
Which of the following describes how animals locate the origin of a sound?
Multiple choice question.
Sound waves will arrive in one ear exciting sensory nerves in only that ear.
Sound waves will excite sensory nerves in one ear first and then the next ear milliseconds later.
Sound waves will excite sensory nerves in both ears simultaneously.
Sound waves will excite sensory nerves in one ear first and then the next ear milliseconds later.
Which of the following organisms use the lateral line system to detect changes in their environment?
Multiple choice question.
Fish
Birds
Snakes
Bats
Fish
Sensory receptors that respond to cold and those that respond to heat are called ________
thermoreceptors
Which of the following are characteristics of hair cells?
Multiple select question.
Stereocilia
Epithelial cells
Connective tissue cells
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Neurons
Stereocilia
Epithelial cells
Mechanoreceptors
Free neuronal endings in the skin and internal organs that detect pain resulting from extreme pressure, cold, heat, and certain chemicals are called _____.
Multiple choice question.
mechanoreceptors
photoreceptors
Ruffini corpuscles
nociceptors
chemoreceptors
nociceptors
Proprioception, which is the ability to sense the position, orientation, and movement of the body, is a form of ______.
Multiple choice question.
chemoreception
mechanoreception
vision
light reception
mechanoreception
Visible light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, and ultraviolet light are examples of ______ stimuli.
Multiple choice question.
mechanical
chemical
electromagnetic
thermal
electromagnetic
Sensory receptors that respond to light are called _____.
Multiple choice question.
light receptors
photons
nociceptors
eyes
photoreceptors
photoreceptors
Fish and some amphibians use which of the following to detect changes in their environment?
Multiple choice question.
Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Echolocation
The lateral line system
Electromagnetic receptors
The lateral line system
What properties does a photon possess?
Multiple choice question.
Particle only
Neither particle nor wave
Both particle and wave
Wave only
Both particle and wave
Thermoreceptors respond to _____.
Multiple choice question.
hot and cold conditions
hot conditions only
cold conditions only
hot and cold conditions
Photoreceptors organized into organs that sense light offer organisms a selective ______ over other organisms.
advantage or benefit
In a single-lens eye, light enters the lens through a small opening called the _______
pupil
Select all that apply
Of the following, examples of electromagnetic stimuli are _____.
Multiple select question.
odor molecules
sound
echolocation
ultraviolet light
visible light
infrared light
ultraviolet light
visible light
infrared light
In the vertebrate eye the two types of photoreceptors are called _________ and __________
Blank 1: rods
Blank 2: cones
Visual systems employ specialized neurons called _______, which detect light
Blank 1: photoreceptors
Which of the following describes the rods found in the vertebrate eye?
Multiple choice question.
Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that generate black and white images and do not discriminate color.
Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that determine the sharpness with which we see other animals during the daylight.
Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that do discriminate among different colors.
Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that contract and relax according to the amount of light entering the eye.
Rods are photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that generate black and white images and do not discriminate color.
The fundamental unit of electromagnetic radiation is called a(n) _________
photon
Sharp colored images can be achieved at the fovea because _____.
Multiple choice question.
rods are stacked in layers at the fovea
the cones and rods join together at the fovea
each cone is divided to produce two
cones are present in high densities there
cones are present in high densities there
Organisms that can sense light have a selective advantage for _____.
Multiple select question.
protection
photosynthesis
respiration
mobility
protection
photosynthesis
The two components of visual pigments are ________ and _____________.
Blank 1: retinal
Blank 2: opsin
A small opening in a single-lens eye that allows light to enter the eye is called a(n) _____.
Multiple choice question.
cornea
iris
pupil
retina
pupil
What describes how a photoreceptor responds in the dark?
Multiple choice question.
Photoreceptors are hyperpolarized resulting in the continuous release of glutamate.
Photoreceptors are depolarized halting the production of glutamate.
Photoreceptors are depolarized resulting in the continuous release of glutamate.
Photoreceptors are hyperpolarized halting the production of glutamate.
Photoreceptors are depolarized resulting in the continuous release of glutamate.
Rods and cones are the two types of _________ found in the vertebrate eye.
photoreceptors
The back layer of the retina, closest to the choroid, is composed of the ________(rods and cones); the middle layer consists of the _________ cells; and the front layer, closest to the optic nerve, consists of the _______ cells.
Blank 1: photoreceptors
Blank 2: bipolar
Blank 3: ganglion
Photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye that generate black and white images, and do not discriminate different colors are called ________
Blank 1: rods
The ability to process overlapping images coming into both eyes to create one image occurs in animals that have _________ ________
Blank 1: binocular or stereoscopic
Blank 2: vision
In the vertebrate eye, cones are clustered in and around an area of the retina called the _______
fovea
Which of the following contrasts olfaction and gustation?
Multiple choice question.
Olfaction is the sense of heat, and gustation is the sense of balance.
Olfaction is the sense of touch and gustation is the sense of pain.
Olfaction is the sense of smell, and gustation is the sense of taste.
Olfaction is the sense of sound perception, and gustation is the sense of balance.
Olfaction is the sense of smell, and gustation is the sense of taste.
Select all that apply
Visual pigments are made up of two components that are bonded together. What are these?
Multiple select question.
Opsin
Rods
Sensory
Retinal
Transducing
Cones
Opsin
Retinal
Where are insect chemoreceptors located?
Multiple choice question.
Abdomen, legs, and feet
Antennae, legs, feet, and proboscis
Wings, legs, and feet
Antennae, abdomen, legs, and feet
Wings, thorax, and proboscis
Antennae, legs, feet, and proboscis
Which of the following describe how a photoreceptor responds to light?
Multiple choice question.
In the light photoreceptors are hyperpolarized resulting in the release of glutamate.
In the light photoreceptors are hyperpolarized inhibiting the release of glutamate.
In the light photoreceptors are depolarized inhibiting the release of glutamate.
In the light photoreceptors are depolarized resulting in the release of glutamate.
In the light photoreceptors are hyperpolarized inhibiting the release of glutamate.
The olfactory sensitivity of mammals varies according to the _____.
Multiple choice question.
pattern of the sensory cells in the epithelium
depth of the sensory cells in the mucous layer
proximity of the olfactory bulb to the cilia
number of olfactory receptors cells present
number of olfactory receptors cells present
Taste buds are located in depressions on the tongue called ________ ________
Blank 1: taste
Blank 2: pores
The most common cause of deafness is damage to the ________ _________ in the cochlea.
Blank 1: hair
Blank 2: cells
The number of olfactory receptor cells in humans is ______ than in dogs or rabbits.
Multiple choice question.
more than
the same as
fewer than
fewer than
Taste sensory cells are found in ______, which are located in the taste pore depressions of the ______.
Multiple choice question.
taste buds; papillae
cochlear ducts; papillae
cochlear ducts; olfactory bulb
taste buds; olfactory bulb
taste buds; papillae
What type of neuron is responsible for carrying electrical signals AWAY from the CNS to elicit a response in the body?
Question 1 options:
sensory neuron
motor neuron
glial cell
interneuron
All of these choices are correct.
motor neuron
In a reflex arc, the correct sequence of cell types through which an electrical signal would pass would be
Question 2 options:
sensory neuron → motor neuron → interneuron in the CNS
sensory neuron → interneuron in the CNS → motor neuron
motor neuron → interneuron in the PNS → sensory neuron
motor neuron → sensory neuron → interneuron in the PNS
sensory neuron → interneuron in the CNS → motor neuron
Astrocytes
Question 3 options:
support neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
form the blood-brain barrier.
form myelin on central nervous system neurons.
regulate growth, migration, and interconnection of neurons in the adult brain.
maintain the cerebral spinal fluid.
form the blood-brain barrier.
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc:
Question 4 options:
receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector
effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor
receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, integration center, effector
effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor
receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid:
Question 5 options:
sodium
chloride
magnesium
potassium
calcium
potassium
The two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the
Question 6 options:
voluntary nervous system and involuntary nervous system.
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.
sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system.
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
The term central nervous system refers to the:
Question 7 options:
brain and cranial nerves
spinal cord and spinal nerves
brain and spinal cord
autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
brain and spinal cord
What part of the neuron carries signals toward the part of the cell that houses the nucleus?
Question 8 options:
node of Ranvier
cell body
myelin sheath
dendrite
axon
dendrite
Our ability to respond to moderate heat and cold is due to
Question 9 options:
mechanoreceptors.
chemoreceptors.
electromagnetic receptors.
thermoreceptors.
nociceptors.
thermoreceptors.
The speed of impulse conduction along an axon may be increased by
Question 10 options:
neurotransmitters.
effector cells.
a myelin sheath.
a graded potential.
a myelin sheath.
What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck discover about the way in which we are able to perceive many different types of odors?
Question 11 options:
Vertebrate animals make a large number of distinct types of receptor proteins, each of which binds a particular odorant molecule or small group of such molecules.
Many different types of odors bind to just a few different types of receptor molecules.
Odors are distinguished by the way in which they bind both olfactory and taste receptors—it is the overall “picture” generated this way that we perceive.
None of these choices are correct.
Vertebrate animals make a large number of distinct types of receptor proteins, each of which binds a particular odorant molecule or small group of such molecules.
The electrical difference across a neuronal membrane is measured in
Question 12 options:
millivolts.
milliamperes.
milliwatts.
newtons.
joules.
millivolts.
The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move
Question 13 options:
Na+ and K+ out of the cell.
Na+ and K+ into the cell.
Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell.
Na+ and K+ into the cell and H+ out of the cell through an antiport mechanism.
Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
The two broad classes of cells in the nervous system include
1.) Those responsible for information processing, and
2.) Those providing mechanical and metabolic support.
These two categories of specialized cells are called
Question 14 options:
neurons and glial cells.
neurons and fibrocytes.
astrocytes and Schwann cells.
Schwann cells and glial cells.
microglia and Schwann cells.
neurons and glial cells.
What is the correct pathway for the movement of sound waves through the human ear?
1. Vibrations of the eardrum cause the ossicles to vibrate.
2. Pressure waves move from the oval window to the vestibular canal, then to the tympanic canal.
3. Ossicles vibrate against the oval window.
4. Sound waves move through the outer ear canal.
5. Waves strike the round window.
Question 15 options:
4, 3, 2, 1, 5
4, 1, 3, 2, 5
3, 1, 5, 4, 2
5, 2, 3, 1, 4
2, 1, 4, 3, 5
4, 1, 3, 2, 5
