Chapter 18 - Relations With Indigenous Peoples Flashcards
Where did B think there was going to be civil war?
Ireland
What was the religious divide between Protestants and Catholics going to stop?
1912/13 Home Rule Bill
In 1914 who refused the Home Rule Bill?
Soldiers at Curragh
What happened during the war?
Home Rule suspended
Sinn Fein organised unsuccessful rising in Dublin at Easter
What did Sinn Fein do when there were delays to the Irish Home Rule?
Established an Irish assembly
Declared an Irish Republic
Irish Republican Army (IRA) began guerrilla war against B
What were the B Royal Irish Constabulary soldiers called?
‘Black and Tans’
When did the conflict end?
1921
With Anglo-Irish Treaty
Created Irish Free State as Dominion
Who refused to accept the Treaty?
Eamon de Valera - principal Irish leader
Wanted a Republic + didn’t want to split the country
What did this bring?
Further civil war - ended 1923
What was Southern Ireland treated as?
A Dominion
Equality of status in 1931 Statute of Westminster
What did Valera do after this?
Still not satisfied
Protests continued
Turned Ireland into a Republic - called Eire
What did Eire do in WW2?
Was neutral
1948 separated itself entirely from B in Republic of Ireland Act
What did this show?
B imperialism could be successfully challenged
Who helped encourage uprisings in India?
Irish Republicans
Germans
Turkish
What were the failed attempts at provoking a mutiny in the B Indian Army?
1915 Ghadar Conspiracy + Singapore Mutiny
7 day mutiny of Indian sepoys against B in Singapore
What evoked further protests?
1919 Govt of India Act
Didn’t satisfy nationalist demands
What did the fear of further uprisings lead to?
1919 Rowlatt Acts
Allowed political cases to be tried without juries
Produced extreme tension
What happened in the Amritsar massacre?
B Indian Army troops opened fire on 1000s of people who had gathered in the city of Amritsar for protest but some to celebrate Sikh New Year
What did the Indian Congress Politicians say about the B afterwards?
They had no moral authority to rule
What happened in the Chauri Chauri incident of 1922?
Police opened fire on protester in non cooperation movement
Demonstrators set fire to police station
3 civilians + 23 police killed
INC stopped non cooperation movement after
When did India get ind?
1947
400,000 died leading up to this
What was the widespread civil disobedience in Egypt?
Rioting, strikes
Attacks on B military bases
Egyptian villages were burnt
Railways destroyed
Who participated?
All classes of society
Men + women
Christian + Muslim
What report granted Egypt ind?
Milner report
But B kept troops in Suez area
In Palestine who started war against The B and Arabs?
Stern Gang
Open conflict that B couldn’t control
Handed it over to UN
What influenced people’s willingness to have a colonial identity?
How well they were treated by the B
What were examples of people celebrating their colonial identity?
Support in wars
George VI Coronation broadcast
Empire Day + Festivals
Christmas message
Many nationalist leaders tempered political demands with expressions of loyalty to B Crown
What helped develop nationalist movements?
Education
Economic development
Spread of communication
Collapse of European Empires
Example of Ireland
Who had a different view to Ghandi on India’s future?
Nehru
Wanted Modernisation + industrialisation
What did Nehru do?
Joined INC
Imprisoned during anti-salt tax campaign
Reluctantly supported ‘Quit India’
Became 1st Indian PM at independence
Who didn’t accept Ghandi’s views?
‘Untouchables’ leader Ambedkar
Didn’t like Ghandi’s refusal to reject the caste system - even though he said equality for all
Who was Nehru’s rival for leadership of the Congress Party?
Subhas Chandra Bose
Wanted INC to be more militant
Allied himself with Germany + Japan + formed Indian National Army
What did Jinnah lead?
1906 All India Muslim League
Became more militant
He helped create Pakistan
Why did this weaken nationalism in India?
They all didn’t have a collective aim to fight the B with
What did political activists in Africa form due to lack of representation?
National Congress of West Africa 1919
Supported by the educated
But their requests were initially ignored
What was founded in 1925?
The West African Students’ Union
Included Azikiwe + Nkrumah
What happened from WW2 to accelerate nationalism?
Economic development
Pan African Congress - called for ‘autonomy + independence’ of black Africa
What did Harry Thuku do in East Africa?
Developed 1st East African political protest movements
Made : Young Kikuyu, East African Association, Kenya African Study Union - became Kenya African Union
Who became the Kenya African Union’s leader in 1947 + helped decolonisation?
Jomo Kenyatta
